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GIS中的地形可视化与地形模型简化 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
地形可视化是一门以研究数字地形模型或数字高程域的显示、简化、仿真等内容的学科 ,属于计算机图形学的一个分支。GIS中的地形可视化有助于用户对空间数据相互关系以及分析结果的直观理解。文中分析了GIS中地形建模的基本问题 ,研究了地形模型简化与多分辨率地形模型的发展 相似文献
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以相邻地形单元正法向量的夹角作为判断准则,提出了地形复杂因子的概念,用来量化描述DEM地形复杂度,并推导出栅格DEM和不规则三角网DEM地形复杂因子的计算公式。利用高斯合成曲面模拟不同的栅格DEM地形,研究地形复杂因子ECF与平均高程-h对DEM地形描述精度RMSEEt的影响。利用线性回归方法对模拟结果进行统计分析,得到栅格DEM地形描述精度RMSEEt与地形复杂因子ECF和平均高程h-之间的线性关系。该结果可以根据地形复杂程度推算DEM地形描述精度,而且可为DEM生产和误差研究提供可靠的理论依据。 相似文献
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本文论述了一种大区域范围从矢量化地貌数据中快速形成DEM以及可视化粗差检测与修正的方法。实践表明,该算法具有实用、直观、快速等特点,可获得稳定而可靠的计算结果。 相似文献
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黄土丘陵沟壑区地形复杂度分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
针对黄土丘陵沟壑区地形复杂度难以准确量化的问题,该文提出了基于区统计的评价方法,采用地形分析方法提取坡度、地势起伏度、地表切割深度,沟壑密度等地形因子,应用区统计法、变异系数法对研究区地形复杂度进分析评价。结果表明:彭阳县地形复杂度的空间分布特征与坡度、地势起伏度、地表切割深度的变化规律相似,中复杂区域和高复杂区域所占面积较大,且存在明显的分异规律;基于1:50 000数字高程模型数据的地形复杂度提取与分析方法能够快速有效地获取研究区地形地貌信息,为黄土丘陵沟壑区流域治理、土地规划、地形及景观格局的分区和尺度推绎等研究提供依据。 相似文献
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This study presents a semi‐automated approach to support the identification of fluvial landform slope breaks in the Laramie Basin, southeastern Wyoming. The landforms in question form the edges of terraces and benches and tend to be subtle and varied depending on where they appear in the landscape. Because of this variation combined with DEM error, conventional raster filtering methods were unable to readily identify the benches with any consistency. In an effort to automate the collection of benches, a two stage, sketch‐based algorithm was designed to detect bench edges on a semi‐automated basis and was integrated into a commercial GIS environment for testing and execution. The approach of tailoring an algorithm to detect a particular feature proved viable and, in fact, more consistent in many cases than heads‐up digitizing. However, feature complexity appears to be a significant driver in the accuracy of the algorithmic approach with the unlikely finding that more complex features are more accurately identified than less complex features. This research demonstrates that user cognition, DEM resolution, algorithm functionality and landform characteristics are thus all important and interrelated factors requiring consideration when implementing approaches to topographic feature identification. 相似文献
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DEM数据辅助的山脊线和山谷线提取方法的研究 总被引:13,自引:2,他引:13
从数字化地形资料中自动提取山脊线和山谷线的技术在测绘、工程设计等方面有着重要的意义。本文对现有的山脊线和山谷线自动提取的方法进行深入研究后 ,指出充分利用数据中所含有的地形信息是正确提取山脊线和山谷线的有效途径 ,那种试图仅依靠二维等高线形态分析的方法很难得到理想的结果。依照该思想本文设计出了一种基于DEM数据辅助的山脊线和山谷线提取方法。该方法先利用等高线数据建立区域地形概略DEM ,然后借助三维地形分析的技术辅助进行山脊线和山谷线的提取。文后通过实验验证了该方法的有效性 ,它所提取的山脊线和山谷线与实际地形相符合。 相似文献
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在山区获取地面控制点比较困难,运用模拟SAR进行配准、校正,具有较大的优势。本文在分析SAR成像几何结构及ALOS PALSAR卫星轨道参数特征的基础上,运用RD定位模型对DEM的每个网格点进行雷达成像点的位置计算,模拟SAR图像,并提取当地入射角、投影角及规则化因子等;模拟出的SAR图像与真实SAR图像纹理吻合,有利于控制点的自动配准。在此基础上对ALOS PALSAR进行编码,构建基于规则化因子及入射角的地形辐射校正模型,消除面积效应及地形起伏造成的畸变问题,从结果中分析,校正后的图像明暗差异明显减少,这对雷达定量反演研究具有一定的现实意义。 相似文献
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人们很早就开始研究地形信息提取的技术,而传统的地形分析是基于二维平面地图进行的,从基于纸质地图到基于数字地图的地形分析,是地形分析手段和功能的一次重大突破。随着科学的发展,三维虚拟现实环境中的地形分析,使分析结构以可视化的状态更准确、更立体地表现出来,这又成为GIS历史上一个质的飞跃。地形信息的提取与分析,在水文学、地貌土壤学、生态学、工程学等领域都是有广泛应用的,所以,地形因子的提取成为本课题的重要研究方向。 相似文献
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Determination of complexity factor and its relationship with accuracy of representation for DEM terrain 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Based on the estimating rule of the normal vector angles between two adjacent terrain units, we use the concept of terrain complexity factor to quantify the terrain complexity of DEM, and then the formula of terrain complexity factor in Raster DEM and TIN DEM is deduced theoretically. In order to make clear how the terrain complexity factor E CF and the average elevation h affect the accuracy of DEM terrain representation RMSE Et , the formula of Gauss synthetical surface is applied to simulate several real terrain surfaces, each of which has different terrain complexity. Through the statistical analysis of linear regression in simulation data, the linear equation between accuracy of DEM terrain representation RMSE Et , terrain complexity factor E CF and the average elevation h is achieved. A new method is provided to estimate the accuracy of DEM terrain representation RMSE Et with a certain terrain complexity and it gives convincing theoretical evidence for DEM production and the corresponding error research in the future. 相似文献
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提出一种数字地貌晕渲图像的地形信息量计算方法,其原理是利用数字图像领域的理论和方法对晕渲图像进行处理,通过判定晕渲图地形特征像素,得到晕渲图的特征图,再基于信息论相关理论计算得到数字晕渲图的地形信息量。并利用不同地形区域DEM进行地形信息量的计算与验证分析,实验发现,基于该方法所计算出的数字晕渲图像的地形信息量与其所基于的原始DEM的信息量具有相似的对应关系,表明该方法所计算得到的信息量具有可比性,对数字晕渲图的地形信息量评估及其与要素叠加的尺度一致性和信息载负量研究具有很强的实际意义。 相似文献
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土的可松性和地形特征对场地设计标高调整的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
土石方工程是建筑工程施工中的主要分部工程之一,在土石方工程施工之前,必须计算土石方工程量,场地平整时按照填挖方量基本平衡为主要原则,确定场地设计标高。合理确定场地设计标高,对减少土石方工程量和加快工程建设进度都有重要的经济意义。场地设计标高对土方量计算有很大影响,调整设计标高时不但要考虑土的可松性,同时还应该考虑场地地形特征的影响。 相似文献
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基于DEM的地形简化方法对比分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
地形简化作为一门重要的数据压缩技术已广泛应用于DEM。在大量简化算法中,地形简化指标作为地形简化的核心环节,其好坏直接关系到地形简化的好坏。本文对基于局部误差、曲率和法向量的五个地形简化指标进行了分析评价,用离散的高斯合成曲面来模拟真实DEM,以解析得到的高斯曲率作为地形简化指标“真值”,对比研究了在离散高斯曲面上得到的五个简化指标与解析所得“真值”,通过对各个指标“保特征性”可信度的分析,获得了对这五个指标的整体评价,最后,实例验证了本文结论的正确性。 相似文献
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Extraction of morphotectonic features from DEMs: Development and applications for study areas in Hungary and NW Greece 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A procedure for the consistent application of digital terrain analysis methods to identify tectonic phenomena from geomorphology is developed and presented through two case studies. Based on the study of landforms related to faults, geomorphological characteristics are translated into mathematical and numerical algorithms. Topographic features represented by digital elevation models of the test areas were extracted, described and interpreted in terms of structural geology and geomorphology. Digital terrain modelling was carried out by means of the combined use of: (1) numerical differential geometry methods, (2) digital drainage network analysis, (3) digital geomorphometry, (4) digital image processing, (5) lineament extraction and analysis, (6) spatial and statistical analysis and (7) digital elevation model-specific digital methods, such as shaded relief models, digital cross-sections and 3D surface modelling. A sequential modelling scheme was developed and implemented to analyse two selected study sites, in Hungary and NW Greece on local and regional scales. Structural information from other sources, such as geological and geophysical maps, remotely sensed images and field observations were analysed with geographic information system techniques. Digital terrain analysis methods applied in the proposed way in this study could extract morphotectonic features from DEMs along known faults and they contributed to the tectonic interpretation of the study areas. 相似文献
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数字高程模型(DEM)在描述地形时会存在一定程度的失真现象,对失真DEM进行修复可以有效地提高其精度及保真度。本文针对DEM在描述规则地形时存在的失真现象,提出了用地形特征约束失真DEM形态结构的失真修复方法,以规则地形中的平地结构地形为例,进行了失真修复试验。首先根据地形特征确定平地地形的DEM应为平面结构,再采用最小二乘法(LS)及随机抽样一致性算法(RANSAC)对其平面方程进行参数估计,进而得到修复的DEM数据。试验结果表明,本文所提的修复方法有效可行,修复后的DEM数据不仅提高了精度,还能充分地反映原地形的地形特征。两种修复算法的修复能力相接近,当存在大量格网点时,都能达到很好的修复效果,但RANSAC更能适应高程异常的情况,鲁棒性更好。 相似文献
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Automatic digital elevation model (DEM) generation has become an established technique within mapping agencies. This paper assesses the effectiveness of automatic DEM generation using area-based matching for glaciated terrain in Antarctica. DEM accuracy is assessed by comparison with check data acquired using analytical photogrammetry and independent field measurements.An optimum DEM collection strategy is identified. DEM success is linked to ground terrain type and it is found that areas of a DEM which can be collected successfully are relatively insensitive to changes in the collection strategy. A method of isolating unsuccessful areas of a DEM for manual editing is tested for Antarctic terrain. In this example, over 90% success is achieved in identifying erroneous DEM results measured against check data. 相似文献