一种利用TM图像自动提取城镇用地信息的有效方法

如何快速、准确与客观地提取城镇用地信息,以获得城镇用地的分布范围和面积资料,是有关城镇问题研究中经常涉及到的一个基本问题,现代遥感技术为这个问题的有效解决提供了强有力的保证,运用提出的归一化建筑指数,从TM图像进行了无锡市城镇用地信息的自动提取,研究结果表明,与传统的计算机分类和手工屏幕数字化方法相比,归一化建筑指数法是一种非常行之有效的方法。     

城镇土地利用时间变化的趋势面分析

随着城镇化进程的不断加快,必然会导致城镇用地需求不断增加,因此,合理进行城镇用地时空变化分析变得越来越重要.首先对趋势面分析方法原理进行阐述,然后在嘉鱼县土地变更调查数据的基础上,以1996～2006年城镇用地面积为因变量,以城镇化水平和GDP为自变量,拟合城镇用地时间变化二次趋势面,绘制出趋势面和剩余值等值线图.经分析得出,嘉鱼县城镇用地面积与嘉鱼县城镇化水平、经济状况以及地形地貌等方面密切相关.     

江西土地利用/覆盖变化研究

本文利用了2000年和2004年的LandsatTM/MSS数据,对江西地区几年来的土地利用/覆盖变化进行了研究。结果表明从2000～2004年,江西地区发生了快速城市化的大规模土地利用/覆盖变化,表现出城镇用地通过大量占用平原区耕地扩展,非城镇用地间结构变化明显的基本特征。同时土地利用/覆盖变化区域差异明显,近郊区和远郊区的土地利用/覆盖变化强度发生了逆转,远郊区高密度城镇用地的重心发生了一定程度的移动,显示出同期城镇用地有扩展的趋势。     

以管理促集约——无锡市加强建设用地全程管理的做法

近年来,江苏省无锡市国土资源局在严格建设用地审批的同时,强化全程跟踪管理,使全市土地节约集约利用水平不断提高。坚持节约集约用地标准,把好建设项目用地审批环节无锡市从审批制度、标准、方式入手,强化建设项目用地管理,确保建设项目依法用地、节约集约用地。     

基于“三调”和POI数据的城镇建设用地类型-功能协调水平研究

城镇建设用地在实际使用过程中,会随着城镇的发展发生功能的变化,可能不同程度地与用途和性质产生差异。以国土空间调查、规划、用途管制用地用海分类为准则,采用数理统计与空间分析方法,基于第三次全国国土调查（简称“三调”）数据识别城镇建设用地类型,利用兴趣点（point of interest,POI）数据识别城镇建设用地功能,进而对比两者的协调水平,并以湖北省巴东县为例进行实践应用。结果表明在用地类型中存在混合用地功能,用地类型与功能识别结果存在不同程度的差异,两者不协调的区域占比较大。研究结果可为旧城更新改造与国土空间规划提供一定的参考。     

1980—2015年中国建设用地变化研究

土地特别是建设用地的空间格局与演变是城镇研究的热点问题。本文利用1980、1990、1995、2000、2005、2010、2015年7期的中国土地利用遥感数据,对1980—2015年中国建设用地变化进行了系统性的分析。研究工作主要有：①计算1980—2015年中国的城镇用地、农村居民点、其他建设用地及总建设用地的面积和增长率,从而得到1980—2015年中国的建设用地变化速率。②运用GIS软件中的联合分析工具,得到1980—2015年中国建设用地空间变化格局。③制作土地利用转移矩阵,从而得到1980—2015年中国建设用地结构变化情况。研究表明,中国建设用地整体上表现为持续扩张的态势;东部及沿海地区增长速度较快,青藏高原基本无变化,中部及东北地区增长速度较缓,西北地区有少量增加;增加建设用地以耕地转入为主。     

城镇扩张遥感动态监测的方法研究

利用遥感技术动态监测城镇扩展己成为一个重要的研究领域和应用方向。本论文基于多源多时相遥感影像和地形数据,以福建漳州市区为示范区,探讨城镇建筑用地扩张遥感动态监测的方法。作者认为基于ASTER影像,综合利用非监督分类、多时相植被指数、城镇建筑用地的地形分布等知识建立分类决策规则,可以有效提取城镇建筑用地信息,准确度不低于90%。同时提出利用城镇建筑用地时空分布知识、多时相植被指数知识,改进TM三指数城镇建筑用地提取方法的思路,最终提取的城镇建筑用地信息满足城镇建筑用地动态变化分析的精度要求。     

基于GIS城镇扩展的空间格局分析

以城镇扩展为核心内容的城市土地利用/土地覆盖变化已经成为目前国内土地利用/土地覆盖变化(LUCC)研究的热点.基于某地2002年至2007年土地利用数据,提取城镇用地信息,利用全局和局部空间关联模型,分析了区域城镇扩展的空间分布特征,得出了相关研究成果.     

基于RS与GIS的宁波市鄞州区土地利用变化分析

利用1990年土地详查变更调查数据和2006年SPOT遥感影像数据,借助GIS空间分析能力,通过计算土地利用类型动态度、转移矩阵、扩展强度指数分析了鄞州区的城镇土地利用变化的时空特征。研究结果表明:1)鄞州区城市、建制镇、交通运输用地、工矿用地扩展的大部分来源于耕地;2)区各街道城镇建设用地扩展强度指数大于建制镇;3)建设用地扩展以新城区及宁波城区周边的街道镇为主。     

基于遥感与GIS的城镇用地扩展研究

利用1990年土地详查变更调查数据和2006年的SPOT遥感影像,借助GIS空间分析能力,通过计算土地利用类型动态度、转移矩阵、扩展强度指数分析了慈溪市的城镇用地利用变化的时空特征.研究结果表明:1)慈溪市城市、建制镇、交通运输用地扩展的大部分来源于耕地;2)浒山街道城镇,交通建设用地扩展强度指数大于其他镇;3)建设用...     

Simulating urban land-use change based on the multi-hierarchal planning–environment interaction process

Urban land-use change is the result of coupling interaction between planning and environment systems. The aim of our study was to construct an effective model to show how the urban land-use changes under the planning–environment interaction system with multi-hierarchy and major function oriented zoning. Combining the Cellular automata (CA) model with logistic regression model, the proposed multi-hierarchal vector CA model (MH-VCA3) was constructed by mining multi-hierarchal land-use transition rules under the planning–environment interaction system. Taking Jiangyin City (China) as an example, we compared the simulated result of the proposed model to those of the well-accepted Logistic CA and traditional multi-level CA models to demonstrate the effectiveness of the consideration of top-down decomposition constraint and bottom-up updating. Furthermore, by simulating the land-use changes under different population regionalization scenarios, we found that in order to form the spatial pattern of “agglomeration in the north and ecology in the south,” the planned population growth at the global hierarchal level should be allocated to the district units according to the law of Central district > Chengxi district > Chengdong district > Chengnan district > Chengdongnan district. The proposed model is expected to provide scientific support for the formulation of urban planning schemes in the future.     

Bayesian networks and agent-based modeling approach for urban land-use and population density change: a BNAS model

Land-use change models grounded in complexity theory such as agent-based models (ABMs) are increasingly being used to examine evolving urban systems. The objective of this study is to develop a spatial model that simulates land-use change under the influence of human land-use choice behavior. This is achieved by integrating the key physical and social drivers of land-use change using Bayesian networks (BNs) coupled with agent-based modeling. The BNAS model, integrated Bayesian network–based agent system, presented in this study uses geographic information systems, ABMs, BNs, and influence diagram principles to model population change on an irregular spatial structure. The model is parameterized with historical data and then used to simulate 20 years of future population and land-use change for the City of Surrey, British Columbia, Canada. The simulation results identify feasible new urban areas for development around the main transportation corridors. The obtained new development areas and the projected population trajectories with the“what-if” scenario capabilities can provide insights into urban planners for better and more informed land-use policy or decision-making processes.     

济南泉域土地利用动态变化及驱动力研究

基于Arc/Info、ArcView等地理信息系统技术支持,利用遥感和非遥感信息资料,对1995～2000年济南泉域的土地利用变化进行了动态研究,求得泉域土地利用动态变化的转值矩阵,据此分析了近几年济南泉域土地利用变化的空间过程。     

Quantifying uncertainty in remote sensing-based urban land-use mapping

Land-use/land-cover information constitutes an important component in the calibration of many urban growth models. Typically, the model building involves a process of historic calibration based on time series of land-use maps. Medium-resolution satellite imagery is an interesting source for obtaining data on land-use change, yet inferring information on the use of urbanised spaces from these images is a challenging task that is subject to different types of uncertainty. Quantifying and reducing the uncertainties in land-use mapping and land-use change model parameter assessment are therefore crucial to improve the reliability of urban growth models relying on these data. In this paper, a remote sensing-based land-use mapping approach is adopted, consisting of two stages: (i) estimating impervious surface cover at sub-pixel level through linear regression unmixing and (ii) inferring urban land use from urban form using metrics describing the spatial structure of the built-up area, together with address data. The focus lies on quantifying the uncertainty involved in this approach. Both stages of the land-use mapping process are subjected to Monte Carlo simulation to assess their relative contribution to and their combined impact on the uncertainty in the derived land-use maps. The robustness to uncertainty of the land-use mapping strategy is addressed by comparing the most likely land-use maps obtained from the simulation with the original land-use map, obtained without taking uncertainty into account. The approach was applied on the Brussels-Capital Region and the central part of the Flanders region (Belgium), covering the city of Antwerp, using a time series of SPOT data for 1996, 2005 and 2012. Although the most likely land-use map obtained from the simulation is very similar to the original land-use map – indicating absence of bias in the mapping process – it is shown that the errors related to the impervious surface sub-pixel fraction estimation have a strong impact on the land-use map's uncertainty. Hence, uncertainties observed in the derived land-use maps should be taken into account when using these maps as an input for modelling of urban growth.     

基于遥感和GIS的上海城市空间热环境研究

城市热环境的空间格局对城市微气候、城市生态环境演变有重要影响。为探讨城市热环境空间格局的研究方法,借鉴景观生态学的研究方法,首次提出热力景观概念,以景观的观点来研究城市热环境的空间格局。在RS,GIS的支持下,创建了热力景观空间格局的评价指标体系。应用转移矩阵法对1990年,1995年和1998年上海城市多时相热力景观的转移概率进行,分析了热力景观的动态变化和热力景观类型的组分转换过程。通过分析,揭示了上海城市近10年热力景观类型的变化强度和趋势。     

GIS与SPSS集成分析区域土地利用变化

利用遥感、专题地图及自然与社会经济统计等数据,在GIS技术的支持下,建立了吉林省镇赉县土地利用变化专题数据库;利用SPSS软件,对引起镇赉县土地利用变化的驱动力因子进行分析,建立因子分析模型,分析该区域土地利用变化的驱动因素;提出土地优化利用策略,为区域土地可持续利用及环境保护提供科学依据。     

Bi-temporal characterization of land surface temperature in relation to impervious surface area,NDVI and NDBI,using a sub-pixel image analysis

As more than 50% of the human population are situated in cities of the world, urbanization has become an important contributor to global warming due to remarkable urban heat island (UHI) effect. UHI effect has been linked to the regional climate, environment, and socio-economic development. In this study, Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) imagery, respectively acquired in 1989 and 2001, were utilized to assess urban area thermal characteristics in Fuzhou, the capital city of Fujian province in south-eastern China. As a key indicator for the assessment of urban environments, sub-pixel impervious surface area (ISA) was mapped to quantitatively determine urban land-use extents and urban surface thermal patterns. In order to accurately estimate urban surface types, high-resolution imagery was utilized to generate the proportion of impervious surface areas. Urban thermal characteristics was further analysed by investigating the relationships between the land surface temperature (LST), percent impervious surface area, and two indices, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI). The results show that correlations between NDVI and LST are rather weak, but there is a strong positive correlation between percent ISA, NDBI and LST. This suggests that percent ISA, combined with LST, and NDBI, can quantitatively describe the spatial distribution and temporal variation of urban thermal patterns and associated land-use/land-cover (LULC) conditions.     

土地利用类型变化对环境影响的遥感信息分析

利用多时相、多分辨率的Ouickbird和SPOT图像进行土地利用变化的监测,对遥感图像上的信息进行分析,利用遥感图像进行土地利用变化信息的自动发现,结合野外调查,分析了土地利用变化对周围环境的积极效应和负面影响。实践表明,对遥感图像的信息分析结合野外调查对于发现土地利用变化对环境的影响是一种有效的方法。