Constraints on the evolution of the Taranaki volcanoes,New Zealand,based on aeromagnetic data

Aeromagnetic anomalies measured over the three relict andesite volcanoes (Paritutu, Kaitake and Pouakai) in Taranaki are largely dominated by topographic effects. Three-dimensional magnetic modelling, well constrained by both contrasting levels of exposure and previous gravity models, shows that the bulk magnetization of the andesite edifice and edifice core of both Kaitake and Pouakai is 2.5–3.5 A m^-1 in a direction close to that of the present earth's field. However, the large andesite dyke/stock complexes below all three edifices and a localized area of the Kaitake edifice directly above the centre of the subedifice complex have anomalously low bulk magnetizations of 0.3–1.0 A m^-1 in the same direction. These subsurface complexes represent dyke injection from magma chambers situated in the basement, probably below 6 km depth. Here, we deduce that heat from these magma chambers drove hydrothermal convection systems causing widespread demagnetization, especially in the subedifice complexes, but also locally within the edifices themselves. A lesser degree of demagnetization at Pouakai, the youngest of the three volcanoes, may indicate a shorter and consequently more intense period of activity at this centre.     

美国地震学会通报(BSSA)2008年四川汶川地震专集介绍

四川汶川MW7．9地震发生在2008年5月12日北京时间14时28分（国际协调时问6时28分）。地震的突然来袭令人措手不及,因为这个位于青藏高原边缘的地区并没有被列为地震高危险区。地震造成了巨大破坏：400多万居民无家可归,伤亡人数超过8万,并有重大的经济损失。这次地震是中国近几个世纪以来最大的地震灾难之一,     

Note on the presence of the lawsonite-sodic amphibole association on Smith Island,South Shetland Islands,Antarctica

The presence of the metamorphic high-pressure/low-temperature mineral association of lawsonite-sodic amphibole is reported at Cape Smith on Smith Island, located in the southwestern end of the South Shetland Archipelago. This association confirms the existence of a high-pressure/low-temperature metamorphic belt along the Pacific margin of the Antarctic Peninsula. This belt is considered to be the meridional prolongation of the metamorphic belt of similar metamorphic conditions known along portions of the Pacific margin of South America.     

长白山天池火山研究进展

长白山天池火山距今４１０５年以来至少发生过两次大规模喷发。其最近的一次大喷发发生于公元８５０～１０４０年间。估计了这次喷发的喷发物体积和Ｃ１，Ｆ，Ｓ等的释放量。数值模拟表明，该次大喷发对全球气候变化产生过重要影响，最近的地球物理探测结果显示，在该火山下面存在地壳和上地幔双层岩浆房。认为该火山现在仍是一座具潜在灾害性大喷发危险的现代活动火山。     

巨灾保险机制研究——新西兰、土耳其、美国加州、中国台湾、日本案例分析

分析总结了新西兰、土耳其、美国加州、中国台湾地区和日本等国家和地区地震保险制度的特点,依据分析提出:中国需要建立巨灾保险制度,政府要在其中承担主导性职责,同时,巨灾保险需要民营保险公司和政府的分工合作。     

The Young Sun,Conditions on the Early Earth,and the Origin of Life

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The article analyzes the existing theoretical models of the formation of the solar system and the early physical conditions on Earth from the point of view of the...     

Study on the S-wave Splitting Characteristics in the Longtan Reservoir Area,Guangxi,China

In this paper,the shear wave splitting features of the Longtan reservoir area are studied by adopting the traditional cross-correlation coefficient method and polarization analysis,using the data recorded by the seismic network founded by a project under the National Science and Technology Pillar Program from April 2009 to April 2010.We found that most of polarization directions at seismic stations are consistent with the direction of the overall regional stress field,but local structures and faults may con...     

2003年甘肃民乐-山丹6.1,5.8级地震发震构造及发震机制探讨

在总结甘肃民乐—山丹6．1级和5．8级地震现场考察资料的基础上,根据地震的发震特征,结合区域构造研究的最新成果,提出本次地震是位于大黄山隆起南缘的民乐—永昌隐伏断裂的民乐—大马营段与大黄山隆起西缘的童子坝河隐伏断裂共同作用的结果,其发震机制主要受大黄山隆起向南西推挤的影响,是隆起区上拱作用的结果。     

泰国北部梅江断裂探槽剖面研究

通过详细分析上覆于梅江断裂上全新统地层中三个人工探槽剖面，得出该断裂是一条全新世活动断层，且近3000年以来，至少发生过两次7级左右强烈地震事件的结论性认识。     

Note on the palaeomagnetism of the Sekondi series,Ghana

From a collection of 39 oriented hand-samples at 16 sites, total N.R.M. directions at 12 sites from the Elmina Sandstone (Devonian or possibly Carboniferous) of the Ghana coast fall in a group. Their in-situ mean (D = 334°, $\text{I = +11}\text{1}\text{2}\text{°}$) is significantly divergent from the local geomagnetic field, and does not correlate with expected Palaeozoic remanence directions. A bedding-tilt test suggests that the magnetisation is secondary, and comparison with other African data suggests a Mesozoic (possibly Cretaceous) age. The remanence is only partially stable against thermal demagnetisation. The observations are consistent with a remanence originating at the time of faulting, tilting and uplift which marked the beginning of rifting of South America from Africa.     

2017年7月23日吉林松原MS4.9地震热红外异常研究

1 研究背景 地震与热辐射的相关研究始于20世纪80年代,诸多研究有:强祖基等(1992)认为,热红外异常是,地震时构造板块间的摩擦使得岩体内的温室气体沿着断裂缝隙逸出,也称作"地球放气",惰性气体被低空电场电离后形成各种波段的红外光;马瑾等(2000)提出利用遥感技术探测活动断层的构想,并证实了1997年玛尼MS7.9地震前20 d阿尔金断裂带条带状增温异常的存在;张元生等(2011)应用中国静止气象卫星热红外遥感亮温资料,分析了2011年日本MW 9.0地震和2011年缅甸MS 7.2地震前相对功率谱存在的显著亮温变化.中国东部地区关于热红外异常的研究较少.2011年日本MW 9.0地震后,中国东北地区地震活动呈增强趋势.2017年7月,吉林松原地区发生MS 4.9地震,对此次地震前热红外异常特征进行分析,以便为地震预测相关研究提供参考.     

An Overview of Thunderstorm-Related Research on the Atmospheric Electric Field, Schumann Resonances, Sprites, and the Ionosphere at Sopron, Hungary

This paper gives a resume of the papers written in English which (a) describe some of the recording instruments in use at the Nagycenk Observatory (NCK) since the International Geophysical Year (IGY 1957–1958) and up to the present time, (b) summarise the most important and different types of observations associated with thunderstorms which have been made there, and (c) discuss their various geophysical interpretations. The paper describes the main results which have been obtained in four areas of thunderstorm associated atmospheric and geospace science within the context of Earth system science. These relate to the following parameters of atmospheric electricity: the vertical electric potential gradient just above the Earth’s surface and the air–Earth current as well as the point discharge current, Schumann resonance (SR) signals of the Earth-ionosphere cavity at 8, 14 and 20 Hz, transient luminous events (TLEs), and some aspects of the behaviour of the ionosphere. Deductions from these data sets are concerned with the global lightning activity and the conductivity of the air, with diurnal, seasonal, annual and long-term variations of the SR amplitudes and resonant frequencies in terms of migrating thunderstorm centres, with transient SR excitations and with sprites and other TLEs, and with ionospheric disturbances. The paper closes with some thoughts on future research directions based on the observations at NCK and Sopron and the results achieved since the IGY.     

IndoTROPICS studies on the plume of the Mamberamo river into the Bismarck Sea, West Papua, Indonesia

The tropical river ocean processes in coastal settings (TROPICS) program in Indonesia (Indotropics) was carried out in the Mamberamo estuary on May–June 1999 and August 2000. The Mamberamo River flows northward from the high mountains of West Papua to the narrow and steep continental slope of the Pacific Ocean. The data for the 1999 Mamberamo estuary cruises show the dispersal of fresh water coming out of the Mamberamo River into the Bismarck Sea, and the plume is clearly defined by the pattern of salinity, turbidity, and nutrient distribution. The Mamberamo River and other nearby rivers supply high concentrations of phosphate and nitrate to the New Guinea Coastal Current, so that nutrient concentrations are higher in the surface estuarine plume, compared to offshore areas. The distribution of fishes and benthic animals were also sampled over this area.     

2007年宁洱6.4级地震横波分裂研究

通过研究2007年6月3日宁洱Ms6.4地震余震序列的三分向记录,为探索横波分裂现象以及上地壳存在裂隙各向异性提供依据,并发现快速S波偏振有两个优势方向,分别为NW140°和Nwl50°,这与宁洱地区的主应力场方向基本一致.横波分裂延迟时间能够动态反映地下应力场的变化趋势,且较大余震发生之前延迟时间出现大幅度上升.     

2003年新疆石河子5.4级地震序列重新定位及发震断层与机制分析

利用双差地震定位法对2003年2月14日石河子5.4级地震及其余震进行重新定位。定位结果显示,石河子地震及其余震呈N40°E方向线性展布,与准噶尔南缘断裂近乎垂直;震源深度全部分布在15~30 km范围内,优势分布为15~25 km。石河子5.4级地震震中位置为44.001395°N,85.872175°E,距离新疆地震局测得的震中位置仅1.2 km,而距离宏观考察的震中位置约49 km。分析重定位结果其震源机制解得出,这次地震的发震构造是准噶尔南缘断裂,而不是宏观考察的以连哈比尔尕山断裂;节面Ⅰ是主破裂面,而且其走向与重定位地震序列的展布方向基本一致。     

2009年7月9日云南姚安6.0级地震预测回顾

基于2009年7月9日姚安6.0级地震发生之前形变观测前兆异常,给出该地震三要素,总结其前兆异常特点,反思运用单台前兆观测资料预报地震过程中存在的问题,为今后的地震预测积累经验.     

Palaeomagnetic investigations on the Deccan Traps from Chincholi,Mysore State,India

Summary 38 oriented samples of Deccan Traps have been collected from the neighbourhood of Chincholi, Mysore State, India. The Natural Remanent Magnetisation of these rocks has been studied using an astatic magnetometer. It has been found that these rocks are magnetically reversed, the mean magnetic direction being N154°E in declination and 61° down in inclination. Thermoremanance studies conducted on four specimens showed that two specimens with weak NRM and a high secondary magnetisation have Curie temperatures around 560°C for the NRM and exhibited partial reversal of TRM at room temperature, while two specimens with high NRM and with little secondary magnetisation have Curie temperatures much lower than 560°C for the NRM.     

Impact of urbanization on the ecology of Mukuvisi River,Harare, Zimbabwe

The main objective in this study was to compare the physico-chemical characteristics and biota of a river (Mukuvisi) passing through an urban area to that of a non-urbanised river (Gwebi). Five sites in the Mukuvisi River and five sites in the Gwebi River were sampled for water physico-chemical parameters (pH, conductivity, DO, BOD, TDS, ammonia, Cl, SO₄²⁻, PO₄²⁻, NO₃³⁻, F⁻, Pb, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cr) once every month between August, 2012–August, 2013. Cluster analysis based on the physico-chemical parameters grouped the sites into two groups. Mukuvisi River sites formed their own grouping except for one site which was grouped with Gwebi River sites. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to extract the physico-chemical parameters that account for most variations in water quality in the Mukuvisi and Gwebi Rivers. PCA identified sulphate, chloride, fluoride, iron, manganese and zinc as the major factors contributing to the variability of Mukuvisi River water quality. In the Gwebi river, sulphate, nitrate, fluoride and copper accounted for most of the variation in water quality. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was used to explore the relationship between physico-chemical parameters and macroinvertebrate communities. CCA plots in both Mukuvisi and Gwebi Rivers showed significant relationships between macroinvertebrate communities and water quality variables. Phosphate, ammonia and nitrates were correlated with Chironomidae and Simulidae. Gwebi River had higher (P < 0.05, ANOVA) macroinvertebrates and fish diversity than Mukuvisi River. Clarias gariepinus from the Mukuvisi River had high liver histological lesions and low AChE activity and this led to lower growth rates in this river.     

公元180年甘肃表氏地震考

根据史料记载,各种地震目录均将东汉灵帝光和三年秋(公元180年)表氏地震震中定在甘肃省高台县西(39.4°N,99.5°E),震中烈度Ⅹ度,震级7(1/2).本文通过对历史地震资料的重新考证和表氏新旧县城遗址的实地考察,对公元180年表氏地震的震中位置作了如下修正:震前的表氏县城位于甘肃省肃南县明花区新墩子城,也应是震中所在地,其地理位置为39.6°N、99.3°E,精度2类;震后重建的县城在今骆驼城或草沟井城.通过对史料震害的认真分析,并将本次地震与两汉时期8次6(1/2)级以上地震及高台附近地区9次地震的地震参数、震害和波及范围进行对照,最终将震中烈度修正为Ⅸ—Ⅹ度,震级修正为7级.     

New Data on Aftershocks of the December 7, 1988, Spitak Earthquake

The paper addresses the collection and analysis of new data on aftershocks that occurred within 20 days of the main shock of the December 7, 1988, Spitak earthquake, Mw = 6.8. The data were used to improve the location of aftershock hypocenters and magnitudes. Available data concerning this 20-day period were the least reliable in terms of completeness, representativeness, and the accuracy of hypocenter location and, in particular, estimation of energy classes and magnitudes. New data were retrieved from the records and bulletins of the seismic stations of the regional and global networks. Hypocenter parameters were determined by means of the minimization of wave travel-time residuals and subsequent double-difference hypocenter relocation. Digital records of the Obninsk and Arti seismic stations (Δ = 15°–18°) and five more distant stations (Δ = 34°–53°) were used to more accurately estimate the surface-wave magnitude of the main shock and strongest aftershock. The aftershock catalog of the Spitak earthquake was substantially revised. First, the previous hypocenter locations (Aref’ev et al., 1991) were improved using the double-difference method; second, new data were retrieved from the bulletins of Caucasian seismic stations. The minimum magnitude of completeness (M _c = 1.9) of the new catalog for the first 20 days after the main shock (when there were no epicentral observations) is the same as that for the period from December 7, 1988, to December 31, 1989. The new catalog contains information on 2090 aftershocks with magnitude M = 1.9 and more for the period from December 7, 1988, to December 31, 1989. The double-difference method allowed the location of the epicenters of clustered earthquakes to be reliably estimated with a longitude error of no more than 4.6 km, a latitude error of 4 km, and a depth error of 5 km. The new spatial distribution of the aftershock hypocenters is better correlated with the tectonic setting than the old data. The new catalog can be used to assess seismic hazard after strong earthquakes in the region.