数字土地信息中属性数据的质量控制

提出了一种数字土地信息属性数据质量的检验、度量和分析的方法。首先给出了基于简单随机抽样和分层抽样的属性数据缺陷率度量数学模型 ,基于该统计模型 ,以某工业开发区的农村土地利用现状数据为例 ,探讨了土地利用属性数据的质量抽样方案、质量度量和质量分析的具体思路     

矢量GIS中属性数据的不确定性分析

本文从属性区域分类不确定性、边界定位误差和区域内部定量属性数据的抽样误差出发,综合进行属性数据不确定性的度量和传播分析。针对由边界定位误差引起的属性分类不确定性,在顾及区域面积与边界线数等因素下,提出了一种定量度量指标。对于属性区域内部的定量属性抽样值,则建立了抽样值的相关函数表达式。针对ＧＩＳ中常见的两大类操作,即逻辑操作和算术操作,分别根据模糊集合论和概率统计理论建立了相应的属性不确定性传播模     

基于统计归纳学习的GIS属性数据挖掘

将统计分析方法和面向属性的归纳方法结合起来，形成了一种应用面比较广的统计归纳学习方法，可以用于GIS属性数据挖掘。同时提出GIS属性数据挖掘可以分为3个层次，包括从数据生成新的数据，从数据产生模型和从归纳出知识，由原始数据生成数据，可以得出变量之间粗浅的关系，从数据推导出的模型，可以定量描述变量之间的关系，由数据挖掘出的知识，可以揭示客观世界的普遍性规律。     

GIS中属性数据质量控制的研究

随着土地信息系统应用的扩大和分析功能的扩充,对数据的要求也越来越高,尤其是对属性数据的要求越来越高,因而对属性数据进行质量检验和分析就显得格外重要。目前对GIS数据质量控制的大多数研究主要是针对表示拓扑关系的图形数据,对属性数据的研究则相对较少。本文在前人对GIS中数据精度的度量和质量控制作了初步的描述的基础上,对其中属性数据的质量控制与评价方法进行了研究。     

GPS导航中的抗差自适应Kalman滤波算法

GPS导航与定位的质量取决于对动态载体函数模型和随机模型的认知。本文首先基于机动载体的当前统计模型 ,设计了离散系统的Kalman滤波器 ,进而基于方差分量估计给出了一种适合GPS动态定位的抗差自适应卡尔曼滤波算法。该算法模型简单 ,实时性好。实测数据计算结果表明 ,滤波导航解能有效地控制观测异常和动态扰动异常对导航解的影响 ,使导航解更能反映导航目标的真实情况     

多源空间数据间不一致性研究现状及其进展

空间数据质量已成为国际地理信息系统领域的研究热点,近年来G IS空间数据质量的研究已由侧重于位置精度和属性精度转向对空间不一致性的关注和重视。本文在对多源空间数据间不一致性研究已有成果回顾的基础上,就空间数据间不一致性的特征、表达方法、度量方法以及处理方法等几个方面进行了较为详细的分析,提出了一种新的空间线目标间不一致性的度量方法——几何接近度面积度量法,并给出了度量公式及详细的推导过程;最后对多源空间数据间不一致性检测、度量和处理的智能化趋势进行了展望。     

GIS中属性数据质量控制的研究与探讨

主要研究地理信息系统中属性数据质量控制的内容、方法、意义、现状及发展,提出了简单对比检查的GIS属性数据质量控制模型,并根据概率论与数理统计理论,借助缺陷率这一指标,采用一般随机抽样和分层抽样统计模型计算缺陷率来对属性数据进行质量控制和研究。     

二维水质扩散模型的建立及应用

根据东湖实际，探讨了二维湖泊水质扩散模型及其定解。提出的二维交替算法，具有快速收敛及确保精度等特点，改进后的内插模型解决了流场和浓度场的初始值和边界条件问题，形成了全湖数字高程模型；在浓度等值线快速生成的基础上，通过接口自动形成信息系统空间和属性文件，完成了专题自动分类。     

General entropy model of line segments uncertainty in GIS

Spatial data uncertainty can directly affect the quality of digital products and GIS-based decision making. On the basis of the characteristics of randomicity of positional data and fuzziness of attribute data, taking entropy as a measure, the stochastic entropy model of positional data uncertainty and fuzzy entropy model of attribute data uncertainty are proposed. As both randomicity and fuzziness usually simultaneously exist in linear segments, their omnibus effects are also investigated and quantified. A novel uncertainty measure, general entropy, is presented. The general entropy can be used as a uniform measure to quantify the total uncertainty caused by stochastic uncertainty and fuzzy uncertainty in GIS.     

General Entropy Model of Line Segments Uncerta,nty in GIS

Spatial data uncertainty can directly affect the quality of digital products and GIS-based decision making. On the basis of the characteristics of randomicity of positional data and fuzziness of attribute data, taking entropy as a measure, the stochastic entropy model of positional data uncertainty and fuzzy entropy model of attribute data uncertainty are proposed. As both randomicity and fuzziness usually simultaneously exist in linear segments, their omnibus effects are also investigated and quantified. A novel uncertainty measure, general entropy, is presented. The general entropy can be used as a uniform measure to quantify the total uncertainty caused by stochastic uncertainty and fuzzy uncertainty in GIS.     

General Entropy Model of Line Segments Uncertainty in GIS

Spatial data uncertainty can directly affect the quality of digital products and GIS-based decision making. On the basis of the characteristics of randomicity of positional data and fuzziness of attribute data, taking entropy as a measure, the stochastic entropy model of positional data uncertainty and fuzzy entropy model of attribute data uncertainty are proposed. As both randomic-ity and fuzziness usually simultaneously exist in linear segments, their omnibus effects are also investigated and quantified. A novel uncertainty measure, general entropy, is presented. The general entropy can be used as a uniform measure to quantify the total un-certainty caused by stochastic uncertainty and fuzzy uncertainty in GIS.     

城镇地籍GIS建库的质量控制及检查

根据某城镇的工程实例探讨了一些有效的质量控制和检查方法,为类似项目提供了参考。纸质的地籍调查资料和电子地形图在入库前要进行细致的检查,以适应城镇地籍GIS数据库的要求。数据入库工作采用两级质量控制方法,即首先保证地形数据的正确性和完备性,在此基础上人工录入地籍数据。对建成的GIS数据库要进行多方面的检查,包括元数据检查、属性检查和拓扑检查。     

GIS叠置后同名点元不确定性的严密估计

基于最小二乘估计理论,建立了更加合理的GIS多层叠置同名点元的不确定性估计模型,改善了叠置点的精度.得出的单位权方差估计公式,理论上符合在一个平差系统中,其母体单位权方差应具有唯一性的要求.从理论和实例两方面验证了当同层内观测数据精度相同时,经多层叠置后各点精度均相同的结论.     

GIS叠置后同名点元不确定性的严密估计

基于最小二乘估计理论,建立了更加合理的GIS多层叠置同名点元的不确定性估计模型,改善了叠置点的精度。得出的单位权方差估计公式,理论上符合在一个平差系统中,其母体单位权方差应具有唯一性的要求。从理论和实例两方面验证了当同层内观测数据精度相同时,经多层叠置后各点精度均相同的结论。     

遥感与地理信息系统数据的信息量及不确定性

讨论了遥感、GIS数据的不确定性与信息论中的不确定性间的联系，导出了GIS图形数据与遥感影像数据的信息量估算式，提出了位置疑义度和属性疑义度等概念。在统一的数学基础上，估算几何位置误差和属性正确率不足引起的不确定性，从而建立起遥感影像与GIS图形数据的信息量及不确定性的统一量度。     

顾及有色噪声的光纤陀螺随机噪声自适应滤波方法

作为光纤陀螺误差的重要组成部分,随机噪声严重影响着光纤陀螺的精度,对光纤陀螺随机噪声进行准确建模和补偿是提升陀螺精度的有效方式。本文针对光纤陀螺随机噪声的复杂性,难以对其进行精确分析,ARIMA （auto-regressive moving average）模型Kalman滤波中有色噪声不能使用状态扩充法建模的问题,扩展了Harvey方程,实现有色噪声白化。同时,考虑先验噪声的不确定性以及模型参数在线更新导致的参数与状态噪声相互耦合,分析了动态Allan方差估计量测噪声的不足,使用VBAKF （variational Bayesian adaptive Kalman filter）实时修正滤波状态噪声与量测噪声。试验表明,Harvey法较传统滤波建模方式,随机噪声序列方差降低40%,Harvey法结合VBAKF使序列方差降低了54%;VBAKF较动态Allan方差,可以更好地估计量测噪声。结果表明,此方法可有效抑制随机噪声Kalman滤波中有色噪声和随机模型不准确的影响,提高随机误差补偿精度。     

分层随机抽样下全球30 m火烧迹地产品验证

火烧迹地是全球及区域碳循环和气候变化等研究所需的重要参数之一,卫星遥感技术为快速获取大区域火烧迹地空间分布信息提供了有效手段。中国科学院基于Landsat系列卫星数据研发了首个30 m空间分辨率全球火烧迹地产品GABAM (Global Annual Burned Area Map)。遥感数据产品的精度验证对产品使用具有重要意义,迄今尚未有研究机构对GABAM产品精度进行独立评价和分析。为系统评价GABAM产品精度,利用2010年全球30 m空间分辨率火烧迹地产品(GABAM2010)开展精度验证研究工作,在全球和几个陆地生物群落中估算了产品精度,并探索了全球遥感专题产品精度验证的技术框架。基于分层随机抽样选择80个非重叠的泰森多边形区域TSA (Thiessen Scene Areas),采用误差矩阵和6个精度指标对GABAM2010产品做全面精度评价和分析,以满足火烧迹地产品用户的使用要求。结果表明:在全球范围内,GABAM2010产品的错分率和漏分率分别为24.32%和31.60%,总体精度为97.85%;由于数据质量(如条带、云)等的影响,火烧迹地的范围会被低估,对于较容易发生火灾的生物群落,如热带亚热带草原区域,GABAM2010产品精度较高;在生物群落内部,高密度火烧迹地区域的精度高于低密度火烧迹地区域。     

Visualization and damage assessment for flooded area

A practical method for visualizing flood area and evaluating damage is presented, which consists of two technical approaches: self-programming and adapting commercial GIS platforms. The low-cost and easy-to-use GIS-Based model developed by self-programming can meet current requirements of most local authorities, especially in developing countries. In this model, two cases, non-source flood and source flood, are distinguished and the Seed-spread algorithm suitable for source-flood is discussed; The flood damage is assessed by overlaying the flood area range with thematic maps and other related social and economic data. and all the-matic maps are converted to raster format before overlay analysis. Two measures are taken to improve the operation efficiency of speed seed-spread algorithm. The accuracy of the model mainly depends on the resolution and precision of the DEM data, and the accuracy of registering all raster layers and the quality of attribute data.     

Visualization and damage assessment for flooded area

A practical method for visualizing flood area and evaluating damage is presented, which consists of two technical approaches: self-programming and adapting commercial GIS platforms. The low-cost and easy-to-use GIS-Based model developed by self-programming can meet current requirements of most local authorities, especially in developing countries. In this model, two cases, non-source flood and source flood, are distinguished and the Seed-spread algorithm suitable for source-flood is discussed; The flood damage is assessed by overlaying the flood area range with thematic maps and other related social and economic data. and all thematic maps are converted to raster format before overlay analysis. Two measures are taken to improve the operation efficiency of speed seed-spreed algorithm. The accuracy of the model mainly depends on the resolution and precision of the DEM data, and the accuracy of registering all raster layers and the quality of attribute data.     

Development of a GIS data model with spatial, temporal and attribute components based on object-oriented approach

1 lntroductionA Mraphical object normal1y poSSeSSes threecomPOnents: spatiaI, temporal and attribute asPeCts.The first comPOnent describes the spatial extent ofan object, such as the boundary of a Iand parcel.The second describes timesrelated information, fOrinstance, the beginning and end time of a land Par-cel. The third describes the attribute characteristicsof obects, fOr example, the type of land cover.These three comPOnents constitute a complete im-age of an object.In most of the…