台湾海峡南部夏季微型浮游动物对浮游植物的摄食压力及其生产力

2004年7~8月在台湾海峡南部的5个站位,用稀释法研究了浮游植物的生长率,微型浮游动物对浮游植物的摄食率及其生产力.微型浮游动物主要为无壳纤毛虫,尤其是急游虫类和侠盗虫类.浮游植物的生长率为0.52~0.72/d,浮游动物的摄食率为0.45~1.33/d,相当于每天摄食浮游植物现存量的36%~74%和初级生产力的88%~141%.微型浮游动物的次级生产力(MP02)为初级生产力的28.5%~58.4%.表明微型浮游动物在台湾海峡夏季海洋生态系统的能量流动中发挥着重要的作用.     

渤海微型浮游动物及其对浮游植物的摄食压力

１９９７年６月在渤海的５个站位采样分析了微型浮游动物的空间分布,用稀释法研究了浮游植物的生长率和微型浮游动物对浮游植物的摄食压力。结果表明,所研究的微型浮游动物主要是砂壳纤毛虫和桡足类幼虫。Ｃｏｄｏｎｅｌｌｏｐｓｉｓ ｓｐｐ．是砂壳纤毛虫的绝对优势种,只在１、３、５号站有分布。表层分布为：１号站９８１ｉｎｄ／Ｌ、５号站２００ｉｎｄ／Ｌ、３号站３０ｉｎｄ／Ｌ;垂直分布为上层多、下层少。桡足类幼虫密度     

冬季南海北部海域微型浮游动物及其对浮游植物摄食压力研究

2009年1月在南海北部海域的5个站位,采用稀释法和显微分析技术研究了浮游植物生长率及微型浮游动物对浮游植物的摄食压力,同时测定了微型浮游动物的丰度及类群组成.结果表明:南海北部微型浮游动物类群主要以无壳纤毛虫为主,南海北部微型浮游动物类群细胞丰度为33～529个/dm3.南海北部浮游植物生长率为0.45～1.83 d-1,微型浮游动物摄食率为0.44～1.76 d-1,摄食压力占浮游植物现存量的42.6%～82.8%,占初级生产力的97.3%～225.1%.近岸区摄食压力比陆架区高,表明冬季南海近岸区微型浮游动物摄食能够有效的控制浮游植物的生长,而陆架区浮游植物生长率大于摄食率,浮游植物存在着现存量的积累,微型浮游动物并不能完全控制浮游植物的生长.     

厦门杏林虾池夏冬季微型浮游动物对浮游植物的摄食压力

20 0 0年 8月和 2 0 0 1年 2月 ,在杏林虾池用稀释法研究了微型浮游动物对浮游植物的摄食压力 .结果表明 :砂壳纤毛虫、甲壳类无节幼体是微型浮游动物的优势种 ;浮游植物生长率夏季为 0 .40～ 1 .0 1 /d、冬季为 0 .1 8～ 0 .96/d ;浮游动物的摄食率夏季为 0 .578～ 1 .3 2 4/d、冬季为 0 .2 0 4～ 0 .2 55/d ;日摄食率 (以C计 )夏季为 1 9.1 7～89.51mg/(m3·d)、冬季为 3 .3 2～ 7.2 3mg/(m3·d) ,各占浮游植物现存量的 43 .90 %～ 73 .40 %、1 8.43 %～ 2 2 .51 %;对初级生产力的摄食压力夏季为 1 1 5.2 3 %～1 93 .52 %、冬季为 3 7.47%～ 1 1 1 .3 1 %.     

黄、东海春季和秋季微型浮游动物对浮游植物的摄食压力

2000年秋季(10月21日-11月7日)和2001年春季(4月30日-5月15日)用稀释培养法在黄海和东海测定了微型浮游动物对浮游植物的摄食,结果表明:(1)秋季表层浮游植物叶绿素α(Chl α)的内禀生长率为0.40～0.59 d<'-1>,微型浮游动物对Chl α的摄食率为0.21～0.63 d<'-1>,对Ch...     

三亚湾夏秋两季微型浮游动物摄食研究

根据2005年8月和11月的调查资料,利用现场稀释法,以叶绿素a为检测对象,分别对三亚湾海区夏秋两季微型浮游动物的摄食情况进行研究。结果表明,夏秋两季浮游植物瞬时生长率(k)分别为0.9~1.32/d和1.81~3.30/d,而微型浮游动物的摄食率(g)则为0.85~1.79/d和1.29~2.57/d。对浮游植物现存量和初级生产力的摄食压力分别是,夏季为57.26%~83.30%和78.13%~140.38%,秋季为72.47%~92.35%和86.65%~97.90%。秋季微型浮游动物以微型浮游植物为其主要食物来源,其摄食率和对初级生产力的摄食压力最高,平均分别为1.09/d和107.98%;微型浮游植物的瞬时生长率也是最高的,平均为0.94/d,为浮游植物群体的主要组成部分。在三亚湾夏秋两季可把微型浮游动物作为控制浮游植物生长的重要影响因子之一,同时与秋季相比,夏季微型浮游动物在物质循环和能量流动方面起到更显著的作用。     

春季黄海微型浮游动物对不同粒径浮游植物的摄食速率研究

于2005年3月对黄海海域的7个站位应用稀释法研究了浮游植物的生长率和微型浮游动物对浮游植物的摄食压力。结果表明：实验期间,微型浮游动物生长速率范围在0．34～0．95d-1,浮游植物摄食速率范围在0．44～0．94d-1。微型浮游动物对浮游植物的现存量和初级生产力的摄食压力分别为47．76％～63．80％和61．50...     

厦门港表层水体磷周转的生物学过程研究Ⅰ. 微型浮游动物对浮游植物的摄食

海水中的磷以三种形式存在:颗粒磷(POP)(生命有机体内的磷和有机碎屑的磷)、溶解有机磷(DOP)和溶解无机磷(DIP)。浮游植物不仅可以吸收溶解无机磷,一些种类还可以吸收溶解有机磷[1];不同粒径的浮游植物对磷酸盐的吸收能力也有所不同,单位叶绿素a的浮游植物对磷酸盐的吸收速率:0.2~3μm浮游植物的吸收速率最大,3~20μm浮游植物的居中,20~200μm浮游植物的最小[2]。磷进入浮游植物以后,又因浮游动物的摄食沿着两条不同的途径向更高的营养级传递。     

2017年春季季风间期南海中北部浮游植物生长与微型浮游动物摄食

Phytoplankton growth rates and mortality rates were experimentally examined at 21 stations during the 2017 spring intermonsoon(April to early May) in the northern and central South China Sea(SCS) using the dilution technique, with emphasis on a comparison between the northern and central SCS areas which had different environmental factors. There had been higher temperature but lower nutrients and chlorophyll a concentrations in the central SCS than those in the northern SCS. The mean rates of phytoplankton growth(μ_0) and microzooplankton grazing(m) were(0.88±0.33) d~(–1) and(0.55±0.22) d~(–1) in the central SCS, and both higher than those in the northern SCS with the values of μ_0((0.81±0.16) d~(–1)) and m((0.30±0.09) d~(–1)), respectively.Phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing rates were significantly coupled in both areas. The microzooplankton grazing impact(m/μ_0) on phytoplankton was also higher in the central SCS(0.63±0.12) than that in the northern SCS(0.37±0.06). The microzooplankton abundance was significantly correlated with temperature in the surface. Temperature might more effectively promote the microzooplankton grazing rate than phytoplankton growth rate, which might contribute to higher m and m/μ_0 in the central SCS. Compared with temperature, nutrients mainly affected the growth rate of phytoplankton. In the nutrient enrichment treatment,the phytoplankton growth rate(μn) was higher than μ_0 in the central SCS, suggesting phytoplankton growth in the central SCS was nutrient limited. The ratio of μ_0/μn was significantly correlated with nutrients concentrations in the both areas, indicating the limitation of nutrients was related to the concentrations of background nutrients in the study stations.     

海洋浮游动物对浮游植物水华的摄食与调控作用

水华是海洋浮游植物种群一次快速、显著的增加。多数的水华是有益的 ,水华期是１ａ中海洋生物生产性能最高的时期 ,也是一个新生产周期的开端。水华的发生受制于温度、海流、营养盐和生物海洋学诸因素调控作用。水华的发生时间，在不同的年份是不同的。如果水华发生过早 ,此时浮游动物的高峰尚没有到来 ,就会使浮游植物过剩 ,造成大量的浮游藻类沉降 ,这样在浮游动物种群增殖高峰到来时 ,它们就会因为缺乏食物使生产力低下 ,浮游食性鱼类如鱼的仔、稚鱼就会饿死 ,造成渔业产量下降 ,即Ｃｕｓｈ ｉｎｇ所谓的“不匹配现象”。如果水华的发…     

台湾海峡小型浮游动物的摄食对夏季藻华演替的影响

于2004年8月1~6日对台湾海峡南部近岸的藻华过程进行了定点连续跟踪观测,用稀释法研究了浮游植物的生长率和小型浮游动物对浮游植物的摄食死亡率,同时运用高效液相色谱(HPLC)技术,分析了浮游植物不同光合色素类群的生长率和摄食死亡率.结果表明,观测期间处于藻华的消退期.8月1日时,浮游植物生物量(叶绿素a)和丰度分别为2.04μg/dm3和2.99×105个/dm3,主要优势种为尖刺伪菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzschia pungens)、冰河拟星杆藻(Asterionellopsis glacialis)和中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum),8月6日时,浮游植物生物量和丰度分别减为0.37μg/dm3和1.54×104个/dm3;而蓝藻和甲藻的丰度和比例则呈现出逐渐增加的趋势,所占的比重分别从1日的0.04%和0.85%增加到6日的9.59%和41.97%.小型浮游动物主要由无壳纤毛虫、砂壳纤毛虫、红色中缢虫(Mesodinium rubrum)和异养甲藻等类群组成,总丰度于8月2日达到最大值,为3640个/dm3,之后逐渐减少,6日时,仅为436个/dm3.观测期间,小型浮游动物在群落组成上虽一直以无壳纤毛虫和异养甲藻为主,但在具体的类群结构上却表现出了一定的差异,30μm以下的无壳纤毛虫和异养甲藻总体呈下降的趋势,而红色中缢虫、砂壳纤毛虫和大于50μm的无壳纤毛虫总体呈增加的趋势.观测期间,浮游植物的生长率为0.40~0.91d-1,小型浮游动物的摄食率为0.26~1.34d-1,摄食率和生长率总体呈逐渐下降的趋势.结果还表明,小型浮游动物的摄食率与叶绿素a具有很好的相关性(R2=0.89),对各光合色素类群的现存量和初级生产力均具有较高的摄食压力(分别为37.97%~82.24%和70.71%~281.33%),是藻华消亡的重要原因之一;此外,小型浮游动物对甲藻和蓝藻的避食行为,可能是观测期间由“硅藻”水华向“硅藻-甲藻”水华转变的重要原因之一.     

围隔实验研究台湾海峡2005年夏季小型浮游动物对硅藻水华的摄食

为了研究小型浮游动物对近岸浮游植物藻华的摄食调控作用,于2005年7月,应用"稀释法"并结合高效液相色谱(HPLC)光合色素分析技术,研究了台湾海峡船基围隔实验条件下浮游植物生长率及小型浮游动物摄食率的日变动。结果表明:由于营养盐添加的影响,迅速形成了以尖刺伪菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzschia pungens)为优势种的藻华,生物量(叶绿素a)从实验初始7月6日的1.45μg/dm3迅速增加到7月8日的29.80μg/dm3,随后消退。镜检和光合色素分析的结果显示,实验期间一直以此硅藻占绝对优势。浮游植物的生长率在藻华峰值(7月8日)前保持了较高的生长速率(>1.0/d)且大于小型浮游动物的摄食率;小型浮游动物的摄食率也逐渐增加,7月7日时达到0.86/d,显示有57%以上的浮游植物现存量被摄食。7月8日后,水华迅速消退,摄食率除13日外,均大于浮游植物的生长率。小型浮游动物主要由急游虫(Strombidium spp.)、侠盗虫(Strobilidium spp.)等无壳纤毛虫、异养甲藻-螺旋环沟藻(Gyrodinium spirale)及砂壳纤毛虫等组成,其对浮游植物的生长迅速作出了反应,各类群的丰度在水华峰值后的7月9日均几达最大值,水华后期(11日)大型的无壳纤毛虫达最大值。小型浮游动物的这种组成及变动特点是其保持较高摄食率及一定程度上控制和促进藻华消退的原因之一。     

Grazing impact of microzooplankton on phytoplankton in the Xiamen Bay using pigment-specific dilution technique

Phytoplankton group-specific growth and microzooplankton grazing were determined seasonally using the dilution technique with high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） in the Xiamen Bay, a subtropical bay in southeast China, between May 2003 and February 2004. The results showed that growth rates of phytoplankton ranged from 0.71 to 2.2 d^-1 with the highest value occurred in the inner bay in May. Mierozooplankton grazing rates ranged from 0.5 to 3.1 d^-1 with the highest value occurred in the inner bay in August. Microzooplankton grazing impact ranged from 39% to 95% on total phytoplankton Chl a biomass, and 65% to 181% on primary production. The growth and grazing rates of each phytoplankton group varied, the highest growth rate （up to 3.3 d^-1 ） was recorded for diatoms in August, while the maximum grazing rate （ up to 2.1 d ^-1 ） was recorded for chlorophytes in February in the inner bay. Among main phytoplankton groups, grazing pressure of microzooplankton ranged from 10% to 83% on Chl a biomass, and from 14% to 151% on primary production. The highest grazing pressure on biomass was observed for cryptophytes （83%） in August, while the maximum grazing pressure on primary production was observed for eyanobacteria （up to 151% ） in December in the inner bay. Net growth rates of larger phytoplanktons （diatoms and dinoflagellates） were higher than those of smaller groups （ prasinophytes, chlorophytes and cyanobacteria）. Relative preference index showed that microzooplankton grazed preferentially on prasinophytes and avoided to harvest diatoms in cold seasons （December and February）.     

Studies on growth rate and grazing mortality rate by microzooplankton of size-fractionated phytoplankton in spring and summer in the Jiaozhou Bay, China

1 Introduction Phytoplankton has been considered as a dom inantprim ary producer in m arine ecosystem s, starting them arine food chain (N ing and V aulot.,2003;Sun etal.,2001; Zhu et al., 2000; N ing and V aulot, 1992). A l-though potentialfates ofphytoplankton include advec-tion,verticalm ixing,sinking and m ortality due to virallysis and grazing (B anse,1994),m ortality due to graz-ing,especially by m icrozooplankton,is generally con- μm m esh to 25-L carboys, then transpo…     

Distribution characteristics of zooplankton in the south part of Taiwan Strait in summer

INTRODUCTIONInfluencedbywarmcurrent,upwellingandalongshore(coastal)waters,zooplanktoniscomparativelyabundantinthesouthpartofTaiwanStrait.Inthepast,macroplanktonnetwasadoptedintheecologicalstudyofzooplanktoninthisarea,thuscausingconsiderablelossofeitherspeciesorindividualnumbersofmeso-andmicrozooplanktoninthesurvey.Inthisstudy,mesozooplanktonnetwasusedinthesamplecollection.Itshowsthatmicrozooplanktonandimmatureindividualsofmacro-andmesozooplanktonwereabundant,andthediversityofzooplanktoni…     

The influence of hydrography on the distribution of phytoplankton in the southern Taiwan Strait

During the period August 1985 to May 1986, phytoplankton in the southern Taiwan Strait was collected and studied for distributional variability in relation to hydrography. The results indicated that maximum standing crops of phytoplankton occurred in October and May due to the outgrowth of certain species of diatoms and blue-green algae. The majority of phytoplankton appeared in the water in the top 25 m and occurred in distinct clusters under the influence of water movement. Multivariate analysis indicated that hydrographic parameters, which accounted for the variability of phytoplankton distribution, varied seasonally. Vertical, spatial and temporal variabilities were also apparent. The close relationship between hydrography and algal distribution justifies the use of variations in the phytoplankton population as a useful tracer of water movement.