Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of late Mesozoic granitoids in southern Anhui Province,southeastern China

Late Mesozoic granitoids are widely distributed in southern Anhui Province, southeastern China, which also contains significant W–Mo–Cu mineralization. This study presents new geochronological and geochemical data that reveal the petrogenesis and tectonic affinity of the granitoids in this region. These granitoids can be divided into a high-K calc-alkaline and peraluminous I-type granodiorites, and an alkaline and metaluminous A-type granites, with zircon U–Pb dating indicating that they formed at 150–138 and 133–124 Ma, respectively. The early stage I-type granodiorites are adakitic, enriched in the light rare earth elements, and depleted in Nb, Ta, P, and Ti. They have negative zircon ε_Hf(t) values (–19.8 to –2.5) that correspond to Hf crustal model ages of 2.4–1.4 Ga. These early stage granodiorites were derived from partial melting of thickened Palaeoproterozoic–Mesoproterozoic lower crust. The late-stage A-type granites with strong depletion in Sr, P, and Ti, contain higher Zr, Y, and Yb contents, higher zircon ε_Hf(t) values (–1.5 to +2.1), and younger zircon Hf model ages (1.1–1.3 Ga) than the early stage granodiorites. The geochemistry of these A-type granites indicates they were likely generated by the reworking of Mesoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic juvenile crustal material that experienced the fractional crystallization of plagioclase and accessory minerals. Combining these data with other geological data from the study area indicates that the early stage granodiorites formed in a continental arc setting, whereas the late-stage granites formed in an extensional setting associated with roll-back of the subducted Palaeo-Pacific slab. The results indicate that zircon Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺ value can provide useful insight into oxygen fugacity conditions during magmatism.     

Mesozoic high-Ba–Sr granitoids from North China: geochemical characteristics and geological implications

Abstract Mesozoic magmatism occurred extensively in the North China block (NCB) and the Dabie–Sulu orogen (DSO) post-dating the North–South China collision, resulting in abundant intrusive and volcanic rocks ranging from basic to acidic compositions. The intermediate-acidic intrusive rocks can be grouped into two types, namely high-Ba–Sr granitoids and low-Ba–Sr granitoids that both have distinct geochemical characteristics. The high-Ba–Sr granitoids are similar in most of the incompatible trace element systematics to the associated basic rocks, which probably originated from melting of subcontinental lithospheric mantle, indicating significant mantle contributions to them. Geochemical similarities are observed between the basic rocks from the NCB and DSO, implying a regional-scale magma-generating mechanism and that mantle enrichment beneath the DSO was independent from the Triassic deep continental subduction in the region. We therefore interpret that the Mesozoic magmatism resulted from delamination of the ancient lithospheric mantle beneath the eastern part of North China.     

中国东南部中、新生代盆地特征与构造演化

中国东南部中、新生代盆地与花岗岩构成了复杂的盆岭镶嵌体系--华南盆岭构造.根据盆地的几何学、运动学、动力学与构造演化特征,将研究区中、新生代盆地划分为类前陆盆地、裂谷盆地和断陷盆地三大类型.对晚三叠世以来各个时代盆地的规模、产状、边界、岩石组合、指相矿物、沉积构造进行了分析.不同时代盆地的特征和重点区段盆区岩层的节理测量-统计结果表明,晚三叠世以来研究区的盆-岭格局至少经历过4期地球动力学演化.该盆-岭体系具有密切的时空和成因联系,二者时间相近,空间相伴,成因相关.研究表明,永定-龙南-始兴是一个中侏罗世陆内裂谷带,武夷山是晚中生代的古地理与气候分隔带,赣江带是晚中生代的火山岩界线.     

花岗岩类岩石成因的磷灰石微区地球化学和同位素示踪

花岗岩类岩石是大陆地壳最重要的组成部分,通常伴生金属矿产,其成因研究可用来探索大陆地壳的形成、演化及动力学机制,并指导矿产资源的勘探。花岗岩类岩石是由岩浆经过结晶分异、地壳混染和岩浆混合等复杂演化过程形成的,且其母岩浆通常来源于不同的岩浆源区。如何准确示踪岩浆源区性质和精细刻画岩浆演化、岩石成岩过程是花岗岩成因研究的关键。磷灰石作为花岗岩类岩石中常见的副矿物,其结晶历史时间长——贯穿整个岩浆演化阶段,且富含F、Cl等挥发分和Sr、REE等微量元素,其化学特征和同位素组成在示踪花岗岩岩浆源区和成岩过程方面有独特的优势。随着微区分析技术的发展,磷灰石的微区地球化学成分记录了寄主岩浆的成分及其变化过程,可从微观角度揭示花岗岩的成因。本文结合前人研究成果及作者近年来的相关工作,系统综述磷灰石微区地球化学研究的进展,探讨如何在岩相学观察的基础上利用磷灰石的结晶过程、微区成分环带和微区同位素组成示踪岩浆源区、岩浆演化和成岩过程,以期为探索花岗岩精细成岩过程提供有效示踪方法。

     

广西十万山盆地花岗岩类岩石学及地球化学初步研究

十万山盆地处于太平洋域、特提斯域、印支板块与华南板块交汇部位，构造演化与岩浆作用相当复杂。海西期花岗岩显示造山环境特点，其形成与云开地块向西汇聚挤压、钦防海槽关闭有关。中三叠世末，Izanagi板块北移引发云开地块向北西推挤碰撞，致使印支期花岗岩具有汇聚造山花岗岩特征。燕山期岩体显示造山环境，其形成可能与Izanagi板块快速向北西汇聚欧亚东缘以及冈瓦纳汇聚欧亚大陆联合控制有关。研究区花岗岩同属于过铝质花岗岩，它们轻稀土富集，(La／Yb)N=8．07～14．50，负铕异常明显(δEu=0．48～0．56)，且Rb，Th，Ce和Sm显现正异常，K2O，Ba，Ta，Hf相对亏损，具有陆壳重熔源区特点。燕山期石英正长岩具有幔源特点，铕正异常明显(δEu=1．50～1．64)，轻、重稀土丰度均低于花岗岩，Nb含量较高。这些花岗岩与正长岩的蛛网模式均一致指示造山型花岗岩构造环境。     

Petrogenesis of Luchuba and Wuchaba granitoids in western Qinling: geochronological and geochemical evidence

Mineralogy and Petrology - The West Qinling Orogenic Belt (WQOB) is a major portion of the Qinling-Dabie-Sulu Orogen and holds essential information for understanding the prolonged evolution of the...     

湘东北新元古代花岗岩体锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及地球化学特征

在湘东北岳阳-平江-带分布有许多新元古代花岗岩体,对其中的张邦源岩体进行锆石sHRIMP U-Pb年龄测定,获得(816±4.6)Ma的年龄.花岗岩体岩石基性程度较高,SiO2平均为70.25%;低钾高钙,CaO平均为2_38%;全碱较低,Na2o+K2O平均为5.97%,且Na2O>K2O;ASI值平均1.16(0.97～1.29).总体属镁质过铝质钙碱性花岗岩系列.不相容元素RLb、Th含量较高,贫Ba和Nb.稀土元素总量较低,平均130μg/g;轻稀土相对富集,(La/Yb)N比值在6.76～8.50;铕亏损不明显,δEu值为0.54～0.78.εNd(t)值较高且变化范围较窄,为-1.5～1.6,T2DM1.35～1.60 Ga;δ18Ov-SMOW值为8.1‰～11.1‰.岩石具典型的Ⅰ型花岗岩或AcG型花岗岩特征,为壳-幔混合型成因,岩浆主要起源于亏损地幔源,并伴有地壳物质加入.地球化学特征显示为岛弧火山岩系,为会聚板块边缘(俯冲带)岩浆作用的产物,不具备地幔柱岩浆特性,不能作为Roinina超大陆裂解的标志.     

新疆西准噶尔塔北地区晚古生代中酸性侵入岩的成因分析

塔尔巴哈台-萨吾尔地区位于西准噶尔北部,中酸性岩浆侵入作用十分强烈。本文对塔尔巴哈台-萨吾尔地区西段的塔北地区出露的克孜贝提、哲北、巴斯、卡姆斯台、阿西和科鲁克6个代表性中酸性岩体的地质、成岩年代和地球化学特征进行研究。结果表明,塔北地区中酸性岩浆作用可分为早石炭世早期(343~338Ma)、早石炭世晚期(328~324Ma)和晚石炭世(315Ma)三个阶段:早石炭世早期中酸性岩体包括克孜贝提、哲北岩体;岩性主要为闪长岩,具有碱性、过铝质岩石的特点;早石炭世晚期中酸性岩体包括巴斯、卡姆斯台和阿西岩体,岩性主要为花岗闪长岩,具有钙碱性-碱性和准铝质-过铝质岩石的特点;晚古生代中酸性侵入岩体为科鲁克岩体,岩性为钾长花岗岩,具有碱性和过铝质岩石的特点。从早石炭世至晚石炭世,塔北地区中酸性岩具有向富K、Si和贫Ca演化的趋势,研究源区以壳源为主、有幔源物质混入的特征;岩浆演化具有分离结晶增强、围岩混染减弱的特点。塔北地区早石炭世早期中酸性岩体形成于俯冲岛弧环境,早石炭世晚期-晚石炭世岩浆侵位于后碰撞环境。     

桂东北地区几个加里东期花岗岩体的地球化学特征及其构造环境判别

通过对该区花岗岩的常量元素、稀土元素及微量元素成分分析对比，利用岩石化学特征并结合岩体产出地质条件，对花岗岩形成的构造环境进行了综合判别。提出桂东北花岗岩具有相同的成因和来源，属同一岩浆结晶分异演化而来。结晶分异作用为花岗岩的主要成岩方式。越城岭、苗儿山和海洋山岩体主要形成于同碰撞的挤压构造环境下，而大宁岩体总体构造环境为处于碰撞前向同碰撞转换的挤压构造环境。     

A Comparison of the Geochemical Features of Some Loess Sections in New Zealand and China

A comparison of the geochemical features of loesses of New Zealand and China indicates that the distributions of the elements and their variations reflect the fluctuations of climate which can be compared with the oxygen isotope stages and glacial periods.New Zialand loess is different in source from Chinese loess.Therefore ,some differences are also noticed in their chemical compositions .Loess accumulation in New Zealand is later than that in China.Because of more rainfall in New Zealand and different distributions of loess the elements in loess have suffered stronger leaching than in China.     

New geological and geochemical data on the granitoids of the Uspensky massif in Southern Primorye

New geological, petrochemical, mineralogical, and geochemical data are presented on the Uspensky granitoid massif in Southern Primorye. The massif consists of the rocks of two associations: (1) the early association (103.3 ± 2.4 Ma) consisting of garnet-bearing biotite and two-mica granite-leucogranites and (2) the late association (99 ± 2 Ma) represented by biotite (±amphibole) granodiorites, melanogranites, and granites. The granitoids of both associations have moderate potassic alkalinity and elevated alumina contents but differ in the proportions of alumina, calcium, and alkalis. The garnet-bearing granite-leucogranites are characterized by the highest Rb, Th, and U contents and the lowest Sr, Ba, Hf, and Zr contents. The REE distribution patterns have a quasi-symmetric shape and deep Eu minimums. The melanogranites show higher Sr and Ba contents and, as granites, are characterized by asymmetric REE spectrums with an insignificant negative Eu anomaly. The porphyraceous granodiorites and granites are peculiar in their lowered Sr and Ba contents, while the granodiorites have lowered contents of K, REE, Zr, Hf, Th, and U; elevated Nb contents; and a distinctive Eu minimum.     

基于地球化学数据的滇东南地区断裂构造信息提取

利用GIS与多重分形奇异值理论,探讨了一种用地球化学数据提取断裂构造信息的方法。基于滇东南地区1∶20万水系沉积物地球化学数据,依据构造地球化学原理选取Au、As、Sb、Hg、W、Sn、Bi共7种元素进行构造信息提取。经因子分析及因子旋转,发现主因子得分的空间分布与已知岩浆岩及断裂的空间展布行迹密切相关。通过计算断裂构造因子的奇异性指数进行弱信息增强,凸显出断裂构造的弱异常。将奇异性指数作为证据层,点状要素化的断裂构造数据作为训练点,进行模糊证据权(FWofE)计算,并对计算结果利用Student′s t值确定异常下限,圈定断裂构造异常范围。地球化学数据具有深部指示作用,这种断裂构造信息提取方法为深部找矿的断裂构造信息提取提供了新思路。     

Lacustrine sedimentological and geochemical records for the last 170 years of climate and environmental changes in southeastern China

Reconstruction of modern climate and environmental changes in east Asia using inland natural climate archives can provide valuable insights on decadal–multidecadal climate and environmental patterns that are probably related to both natural and anthropogenic forcing. Here we investigated an 89‐cm‐long sediment core (TH1) from Tian Lake, southeastern China, for sedimentological, physical and geochemical parameters in order to understand climate and environmental changes for the latest two centuries. ¹³⁷Cs‐ and ²¹⁰Pb‐based age models show that the fine sand–coarse silt‐dominated core contains ~170 years (c. AD 1842–2011) of continuous sedimentation. Sediments with fine sands, low MS values, high water content, high TOC content and a high C:N ratio from c. AD 1842 to 1897 suggest intense hydrological conditions and strong runoff in the catchment, probably because of a humid climate. From AD 1897 to 1990, sediments with very fine sand and coarse silt, high MS values, low water content and unchanged TOC and C:N ratios indicate normal hydrological conditions and in‐lake algae‐derived organic matter. During this interval, the chemical weathering indicators show stronger weathering conditions compared with sediments deposited during AD 1842–1897, supporting the dominance of weathered surface soil input in the earlier interval and physical erosion dominance in the later period, respectively. Since AD 1990, the continuous decrease of geochemical proxies suggests human‐interacted Earth surface processes in the catchment of Tian Lake. A PCA revealed four dominant geochemical controlling factors – detrital input, trophic status, grain size and early diagenesis –, accounting for 26, 20, 18 and 16% of total variance, respectively. This study for the first time provides lacustrine geochemical evidence for the most recent two centuries of climate and environmental changes in coastal southeastern China, a region that is currently undergoing an inversion of critical zone, i.e. an overturning of its soil profile, owing to swift modernization.     

青藏高原西部甜水海地区白垩纪花岗岩类的岩石学地球化学特征及其地质意义

甜水海地区广泛分布白垩纪的中酸性侵入岩,可分为早白垩世（123Ma）、晚白垩世早期（100~93Ma）和晚白垩世晚期（79~74Ma）3期。早期侵入体零星,为正长花岗岩、二云母花岗岩及含石榴子石花岗岩,属高钾钙碱性系列,A/CNK大于1.1,K2O含量大于Na2O,负Eu异常明显,刚玉分子数大于1.1,属于典型的强过铝质S型花岗岩。晚白垩世早期花岗岩分布广泛,以英云闪长岩和花岗闪长岩为主,主要属中—高钾钙碱性系列,个别属于钾玄岩系列,A/CNK主体小于1.15,负Eu异常中等,刚玉分子数多小于1.1,主体属I型花岗岩。晚白垩世晚期花岗岩同样分布广泛,为花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩组合,主要属于高钾钙碱性系列,个别为中钾钙碱性系列,A/CNK主体大于1.05,负Eu异常较明显,刚玉分子数多大于1.1,主体属于典型的S型花岗岩。综合分析认为,甜水海地区白垩纪中酸性侵入岩与班公湖-怒江残余洋盆消减、闭合有关,可能记录了羌塘-冈底斯带之间的同碰撞（早期）、碰撞后（晚白垩世）等构造岩浆演化过程。     

Mineralogical and geochemical patterns of mantle xenoliths from the Jixia region (Fujian Province,southeastern China)

The paper discusses the results of mineralogical and petrographic studies of spinel lherzolite xenoliths and clinopyroxene megacrysts in basalt from the Jixia region related to the central zone of Cenozoic basaltic magmatism of southeastern China. Spinel lherzolite is predominantly composed of olivine (Fo_89.6–90.4), orthopyroxene (Mg# = 90.6–92.7), clinopyroxene (Mg# = 90.3–91.9), and chrome spinel (Cr# = 6.59–14.0). According to the geochemical characteristics, basalt of the Jixia region is similar to OIB with asthenospheric material as a source. The following equilibrium temperatures and pressures were obtained for spinel peridotite: 890–1269°C and 10.4–14.8 kbar. Mg# of olivine and Cr# of chrome spinel are close to the values in rocks of the enriched mantle. It is evident from analysis of the textural peculiarities of spinel lherzolite that basaltic melt interacted with mantle rocks at the xenolith capture stage. Based on an analysis of the P–T conditions of the formation of spinel peridotite and clinopyroxene megacrysts, we show that mantle xenoliths were captured in the course of basaltic magma intrusion at a significantly lower depth than the area of partial melting. However, capture of mantle xenoliths was preceded by low-degree partial melting at an earlier stage.     

Gold abundance in granitoids in southern China

Gold abundance in granitic rocks of different geological periods in southern China has been estimated. A review of the quantitative data available indicates that unaltered granitic rocks have a rather restricted range in gold content, rarely exceeding 4 ppb and generally ranging from 1.4 to 3.3 ppb. The mean gold content tends to decrease from basic to acidic granitoids. This tendency suggests that gold isnot concentrated in the residual silicate meltduring the formation of granitic rocks. It is necessary to establish the background values of gold for various rock types although it seems that gold abundance data for the granitic rocks of southern China can necessarily provide any geochemical clues or guides to areas favorable or unfavorable for gold mineralization.     

甘肃北山柳园地区花岗岩类的年代学、地球化学特征及构造意义

北山柳园地区分布大量的花岗岩类岩石,岩石类型有花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩、钾长花岗岩和斑状花岗岩.锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年分析结果为花岗闪长岩的侵位年代为423±8 Ma辉铜山以东(HT-)钾长花岗岩和二长花岗岩的侵位分别为436±9 Ma和397±7 Ma.该区花岗质岩石都具有大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素相对富集,K、Ni、Ta、P和Ti负异常的特征,属于准铝质到过铝质的高K花岗岩.花岗闪长岩无Sr和Eu负异常的特征,εNd(t)=-2.5～-0.8,其岩浆源于岩石圈地幔或是软流圈与岩石圈地幔相混合的岩浆熔融,并受到了含有火山弧组分的年轻地壳的混染.钾长花岗岩和二长花岗岩具有Sr和Eu负异常的特征,εNd(t)值分别为+1.4、-4.0～-2.0和-2.7～-0.3.HT-钾长花岗岩岩浆主要源于由于岩石圈地幔岩浆作用而导致上覆年轻地壳物质的部分熔融;花牛山附近(HN-)钾长花岗岩岩浆主要源于软流圈地幔部分熔融,可能受到了部分年轻地壳物质的混染;二长花岗岩岩浆主要源于年轻地壳的部分熔融.柳园地区4类花岗岩类岩石都是后碰撞构造背景下的岩浆产物,岩浆形成可能与俯冲板片断离有关.     

湘南大义山花岗岩地质地球化学特征及其与成矿的关系

通过岩体地质地球化学等特征的调查研究,对大义山花岗岩体进行了岩石谱系单位划分,认为它是由印支期和燕山期3期次多阶段岩浆活动形成的复式岩体。成矿作用主要与中侏罗世—晚侏罗世的花岗质岩浆活动相关。并对含锡多金属矿花岗岩提出了如下认识:①同一超单元内花岗质岩浆演化从早至晚次单元有由酸性向(贫钙富碱)酸碱性演化的规律;即晚期次更具弱钙碱性—偏碱性岩系,成矿专属性明显。②斜长石的An值常为4～15;以钠长石为主;黑云母Mf值<0.12,属铁叶云母—铁质黑云母。具高硅SiO2>73×10-2,富碱Na2O+K2O>7.5×10-2、K2O/Na2O>1.20,贫钙CaO<0.80×10-2;过铝指数AKNC>1.10,碱度指数AR>2.5,分异指数DI>90,氧原子数与分子总数比大于1.98及富F、B的特征。轻稀土相对重稀土富集,Eu亏损值小于0.30。③岩石中Sn、W、F、As、Sb、Pb、Zn、Cu、U等有高的综合异常和重砂有锡石、黑钨矿、锑矿物、辰砂及铅、锌、铜矿物异常。④印支—燕山期北西向郴州—邵阳断裂有早期为左行压扭剪切,晚期为张扭的复合多次转换特征,与断裂同活动的花岗质岩浆有沿北西向构造带从南东向北西斜上方先后3期次顺序侵位的规律。岩体内部构造及接触带围岩的构造位态显示为“被动”侵位特征,岩体定位方式属剪切扩张型。锡多金属矿床(点)有围绕岩体展布的规律;矿床类型主要有蚀变花岗岩体型、云英岩脉型、断裂破碎带型等,并总结分析了成矿条件和找矿标志。     

北山中南带海西-印支期岩浆活动与金的成矿作用

北山中南带地处哈萨克斯坦和塔里木板块交汇处,区内深大断裂纵横交错,各类海西期-印支期岩浆岩发育,金矿床(点)星罗棋布,是中国西北地区最重要的金成矿带之一.该区金矿床(点)大体可划分为:①火山岩型;②侵入岩型;③夕卡岩型;④变质岩型;⑤沉积岩型.尽管各类金矿床(点)的容矿围岩不同,但均与海西期或印支期火成岩具密切的时空分布关系.受海西期和印支期各板块空间分布位置、运动机制和构造应力变化的影响,强烈的构造-岩浆活动不仅可形成大面积分布的高钾钙-碱性火成岩,而且导致贵重金属元素"爆发式"堆积.研究结果表明,各金矿床(点)成矿流体大都是深源岩浆流体与大气降水相混合的产物,属混源型中温热液金矿床(点).