中国镍矿成矿规律初探

我国镍矿可分为岩浆型、海相沉积型和风化壳型3种预测类型.矿床形成时代较为连续,最早形成于中—新元古代,最晚形成于新生代,其中中—新元古代和晚古生代是形成矿床的两个高峰期;中—新元古代矿床主要分布在华北地块和扬子地块周缘,晚古生代镍矿主要分布在中亚造山带、峨眉山和塔里木大火成岩省范围内.岩浆型镍矿主要形成于大陆边缘裂解、造山带后碰撞伸展以及地幔柱3种构造背景,根据不同构造背景并结合主要岩浆作用特点,将与幔源基性—超基性岩有关的镍-铜-钴-铂族元素矿床成矿系列类型划分出与大陆裂解边缘幔源基性—超基性岩浆作用有关的镍-铜-钴-铂族元素矿床成矿亚类型、与地幔柱基性—超基性岩浆作用有关的镍-铜-钴-铂族元素矿床成矿亚类型、与造山带俯冲作用下幔源基性—超基性岩有关的镍-铜-钴-铂族元素矿床成矿亚类型、与造山带后碰撞伸展背景下幔源基性—超基性岩有关的镍-铜-钴-铂族元素矿床成矿亚类型等4种亚类型.分别对中—新元古代与大陆边缘裂解有关的镍铜(铂)矿床、寒武纪与黑色页岩有关的海相沉积型镍钼钒矿床、早二叠世与造山带伸展背景有关的镍铜矿床、晚二叠世与大火成岩省有关的镍铜(铂)矿床、新生代与风化壳有关的镍金矿床及其对应的典型矿床特征和成矿模式进行了叙述;认为大陆裂解边缘、地幔柱、造山带后碰撞伸展是我国镍矿形成的有利成矿地质背景,与邻近深大断裂、镁铁—超镁铁岩体、高MgO的原生岩浆(高镁玄武质岩浆)、深部岩浆作用、硫饱和与硫化物熔离共同组成岩浆型镍矿的6个重要地质条件.     

云南墨江金厂金矿床成矿条件及找矿方向

通过金厂金矿找矿实践及采矿观察,对成矿条件及找矿方向进行研究,认为矿床的形成受构造、地层和岩浆岩三者控制。安定-九甲大断裂制约区域性超基性岩带分布,次级北西向断裂带成为晚期超基性岩侵位空间。矿床赋存于上泥盆统金厂组浅变质岩层内,为含基性火山岩组成的绿片岩相矿源层,其中硅质岩是矿床中主要赋矿的岩石类型。区内超基性岩分为早晚2期:早期超基大岩体(Σ1)的同位素年龄值302 Ma,岩体蛇纹石化、滑石化蚀变广泛,经自变质作用萃取岩体中的金,形成变质热液向有利部位转移;晚期超基性小岩体(Σ2)沿早期岩体外接触带侵位,岩浆热液活动强烈,具有成矿专属性的铬水云母化(同位素年龄值114¹88 Ma)、黄铁矿化、硅化等围岩蚀变生成,并环绕小岩体分布,沿围岩构造、裂隙形成石英脉型矿体。金矿成矿经历了海底火山喷流沉积、变质作用萃取及晚期岩浆热液叠加,形成具层控和岩控特征的层-脉二元结构金矿床,其深部及外围有进一步找矿潜力。     

溧水盆地火山岩区地震波场特征及控矿因素定位预测

江苏溧水盆在晚中生代活化为地洼,受燕山期岩浆作用的影响形成火山盆地。本区的矿床严格受火山旋回、构造控制。地震勘探资料显示:不同地质体的地震波场特征各具特点,测区盆地构造清晰,火山岩系总厚约3 700m,火山旋回界面明显,前火山岩沉积地层中断裂发育,次火山岩体分布于盆地边缘隆起带。按成矿构造法观点,结合本区成矿背景、相关矿床类型和MT剖面异常分析,对盆地相关控矿因素进行了定位预测。     

东南亚中南半岛成矿带初步划分与区域成矿特征

东南亚中南半岛成矿带是特提斯(地中海-喜马拉雅-东南亚)洲际成矿域的重要组成部分,富含丰富的矿产资源.基于该区的地质矿产图,结合前人的研究,分别以古地缝合带和深断裂为界,将其划分为5个一级成矿省,19个二级成矿带.研究表明:①在古老陆核结晶基底区形成沉积变质型铁、铜和稀土金属矿床;②在板(断)块的结合带形成典型的与基性-超基性岩浆活动有关的铬铁和铜镍硫化物矿床;③在板内沉积凹陷区形成盐类矿床;④在造山带的各个演化阶段形成与花岗质岩浆活动有关的斑岩铜金矿床、热液型铅锌矿床、热液眯状金矿床与热液脉状钨锡矿床.研究成果不仅为从整体上认识该区的成矿规律提供了基本框架,而且为在中国西南"三江"成矿带寻找与毗邻国家类似的矿床提供了新的启示.     

甘肃白银厂矿区及外围区域地质背景、成矿系列及找矿潜力

白银厂矿区及外围是北祁连铜多金属成矿带的主要地段.新元古代以来的大陆裂谷作用-活动陆缘的洋壳俯冲、弧后扩张-陆-陆碰撞造山作用,及其所导致的强烈多期次的火山活动、岩浆侵入及变质作用,为本区提供了优越的成矿条件.区内既有与岛弧海相酸性火山作用有关的白银厂黑矿型Cu-Pb-Zn-Au-Ag成矿系列,又有与弧后扩张脊蛇绿岩套和基性火山岩有关的塞浦露斯型Cu-Zn(Co)系列;与大陆裂陷火山作用有关的喷流沉积型Fe-Cu-Zn-Pb系列以及陆内造山早期与韧-脆性剪切作用有关的Au-Pb系列和与酸性岩浆作用有关的Au-Cu系列等.石青硐-白银厂火山岩带是本区最有找矿潜力、也是快速实现找矿突破的首选区带;朵家滩-白银南-青城皋兰群变质火山岩带,是值得探索的大型喷流沉积型Fe-Cu-Zn-Pb矿床远景区;老虎山-银洞沟-崛吴山火山岩带的塞浦露斯型Cu-Zn(Co)矿床具有扩大资源量和进一步发现矿床的前景;韧-脆性剪切带型Au矿床及与酸性侵入体有关的岩浆期后热液型Au-Cu矿床是两个具有重要意义的找矿新方向.     

天宝山东风北山钼矿床地质特征及成因探讨

天宝山矿区位于中朝准地台辽东台隆之和龙断块与吉黑褶皱系延边优地槽褶皱带接触处之槽区一侧。该矿床产于印支期花岗闪长岩和火山岩与斑状二长花岗岩接触带,并受北西向和近东西向构造控制。通过对矿床地质特征、成矿物质来源、物理化学环境等方面的研究,认为成矿物质主要来自深部物源区或上地幔,成矿热液则是大气降水和岩浆水组成的混合水。矿床成因为岩浆期后中—高温热液充填石英脉型钼矿床。     

新疆北山晚古生代内生金属矿床成矿系列研究

新疆北山造山带是我国重要的铜镍金铁矿产勘查区之一.通过初步研究,按照成矿系列的学术思想,将区内晚古生代金属矿床划分为3个成矿系列,即晚古生代与基性-超基性岩浆有关的铜镍硫化物矿床成矿系列、晚古生代与强应变构造带有关的铜金矿床成矿系列和与火山岩有关的铁矿床成矿系列.     

广西大瑶山地区铜金多金属矿床成因探讨

从沉积建造、岩浆岩、构造-岩浆活动、成矿流体性质、矿石微量元素和硫同位素特征等方面分析了大瑶山地区与浅成-超浅成岩浆岩有关的铜金多金属矿成矿地质条件,认为矿床属沉积富集-断裂构造-热液（气）叠加改造型成因,可概括为矿源层形成、岩浆期热液叠加成矿、岩浆期后断裂构造热液改造成矿3个阶段.     

浙江东南沿海地区中生代火山作用与铅-锌-银的成矿关系

浙江东南沿海发育的中生代酸-中酸性火山岩,属钙碱性和富钾弱碱性岩系,为同源同熔岩浆结晶分异产物;与火山岩系有关的Pb-Zn-Ag矿床产于流纹质火山-侵入杂岩体中,受火山基底断裂和火山构造的双重控制;矿床中硫主要来源于岩浆,Pb、Zn、Ag主要来源于火山基底岩石,部分来源于岩浆,火山热液形成于次火山期后,成矿早期热液具岩浆水与大气降水混合性质,晚期以大气降水为主.     

柴北缘双口山金-银-铅矿床赋矿围岩及含金石英脉热液锆石U-Pb定年对成矿时代的限定及其成因启示

双口山金-银-铅矿床地处柴北缘西段,赋存在滩间山变基性-超基性变火山岩中。矿体由金矿体和银铅矿体组成,成矿作用与热液活动密切相关。本文通过对双口山含金矿体赋矿围岩及含金石英脉进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学分析和研究。结果表明,赋矿围岩形成时代为443±2.9Ma,与区域滩间山群火山岩形成年代一致(440～490Ma)。含金石英脉热液锆石U-Pb年代为402.8±4.2Ma,与区域金矿床成矿年龄以及韧性剪切带年龄相接近(～400Ma),代表了金矿体热液作用及成矿时代。结合地质特征及前人研究,表明双口山金银铅矿床是柴北缘造山带在不同造山带演化阶段,由不同成矿作用,在不同时期,相互叠加形成的复合型多金属矿床。金矿体具有典型造山型金矿床特征的变质热液型金矿,其成因主要与造山运动过程中的变质和变形作用有关,成矿物质和流体来源于绿片岩相的滩间山群变基性-超基性变火山岩。银铅矿体为岩浆热液型,成矿与后碰撞造山作用伸展-构造转换有关的岩浆作用有关,成矿物质和流体来源于晚泥盆世深部含矿岩浆作用。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861