聚乙二醇快速澄清原子吸收分光光度法连续测定矿石中铜铅锌

利用聚乙二醇的水溶性和高聚合性，建立了原子吸收分光光度计连续快速测定矿石中的Cu、Pb、Zn的方法。矿石样品用HCl-HNO3-HClO4完全溶解，在均匀的试液中，选择聚乙二醇用量3mL，澄清时间仅2．5h，试液快速澄清。方法精密度（RSD，n=5）小于5％，加标回收率为86．3％-106．0％。方法用于测定岩石国家标准物质中的Cu、Pb和Zn，结果与标准值相符。     

广东大亚湾底质重金属分布特征与环境质量评价

大亚湾是粤东的大型海湾，毗邻深港，其环境质量现状及发展趋势颇受关注。对大亚湾海域45个表层站位、1口浅钻及2个柱状样重金属元素Hg、As、Cd、Cu、Pb、Cr、Zn进行分析，并对底质环境质量进行定量评价。其结果：①大亚湾海域Hg、As、Cu的污染指数Pi值均小于1．0，超标率为0，表明全区未受这些因子污染；②Cd、Zn、Pb、Cr的污染指数Pi值部分大于1．0，表明受到这些因子不同程度的污染，其中Pb的超标率最高，达93．3％，污染指数Pi值为0．83～2．25，为良好—中等污染，总体为轻微污染；Zn的超标率为76．9％，pf值为0．25～2．63，变化较大，总体为轻微污染；Cd的超标率为60．0％，Pi值为0．50～1．78，良好—轻微污染；Cr的超标率为17．8％，Pi值为0，49～1．90，良好—轻微污染；③综合污染指数为1．08～2．21，平均1．37，表明本区均不同程度地受重金属污染，总体属轻微污染，其中范和港污染最为严重，SQI值多在1．5以上，其次为中央列岛附近海域。湾口和澳头—霞涌近岸海域污染较轻。从钻孔及柱状样的重金属含量分布来看，在表层没有明显增多的趋势。     

海南土壤中Zn、Pb、Cu、Cd四种重金属含量及其生物有效性的研究

对海南0个土壤样品中的nl、Pb、Cu、0四种重金属的总量和生物有效态含量以及45个植物样(根、茎、叶)中的重金属含量分别进行了测定，采样点基本上覆盖了海南全省，测定结果表明，土壤中nl总量低于全国平均值，而Pb、Cu、Cd高于全国平均值，土壤中重金属生物有效态含量一般低于其总量的10％，其中Pb最高为7．71％，而Cu仅为1．13％，具有较大的变异性；植物中重金属含量与土壤中重金属总量呈现负相关性，但与土壤中有效态重金属含量一般呈现正相关性，叶中的重金属含量与土壤中有效态重金属含量之间的相关性更为显着，叶中的重金属含量与土壤中有效态重金属含量之间的相关系数分别为：Zn(0．726)，Cu(0．626)，Pb(0．n4)，Cd(0．512)。这说明土壤中重金属总量并不能全面的评价土壤的环境效应和重金属的生物有效性，应该把重金属总量和生物有效态含量结合起来加以研究，并应将土壤中重金属的含量与植物中该元素含量之间作相关分析，根据其相关系数的大小来判断其生物有效性的程度。     

HK-1便携式水质自动分析仪测定环境水中镉铜锌镍铅

利用电化学分析原理,采用HK-1便携式水质自动分析仪测定环境水中Cd、Cu、Zn、 Ni、Pb。建立了流动体系微电解池Au(Hg)-Au-Ag三电极体系,选择1mol／L NH4Cl-NH3 ·H2O为底液,采用阳极溶出伏安法测定Cd、Cu和Pb,催化伏安法测定Ni,阴极伏安法测定Zn。标准曲线法测定Cd、Cu的检测限各为1．0μg/L,Zn为0．1 mg/L,Ni为1．0μg/L,Pb为5μg／L。自行研制的封闭式流动体系便携式水质分析仪能够满足水质分析的要求,并已用于环境科学、给排水系统现场监测。     

发射光谱法快速测定银锡铜铅锌钼铍

使用两台摄谱仪同时接收光谱，以K2S2O7、NaF、Al2O3为缓冲剂，Ge、Sb为内标，测定化探样品中7项元素，检出限(μg／g)分别是：Ag0．02，Sn0．5，Cu 1，Pb 2，Zn 10，Mo 0．2，Be 0．5；精密度(RSD，n=20)在2．9％～16．8％。采用国家一级标准物质验证方法可靠性，测定结果与标准值一致。     

甘肃省白银市区土壤环境质量评价

对白银市区土壤中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg的分布、存在形式和在水体中的含量进行分析,认为该区土壤、水体已受到Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg等重金属污染.按国家土壤环境质量标准,白银市土壤中Cd的环境质量均未达到Ⅰ级标准,Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级污染面积占研究区面积的82.39％,污染比较严重;Hg、Pb、Zn、Cu的Ⅲ级及其以上污染区面积分别占研究区的7.35％、5.59％、14.67％、5.71％.通过2000年与2007年白银市土壤重金属元素背景值对比发现,Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg的污染增速明显,并有逐渐扩大的趋势.对Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg的成因来源进行了初步探讨,认为有色金属冶炼、加工和重化工是主要污染源,其次为燃煤、生活垃圾及汽车尾气排放.     

济阳坳陷油田卤水溶解金属元素的初步实验研究

本文用模拟实验方法研究了不同水型的油田卤水在低温（40－150℃）条件下对金、银等金属元素的溶解和迁移作用，以及不同络阴离了对金属元素溶解迁移的贡献。结果表明，油田卤水促进了含油气盆地中Au、Ag、Pb、Zn元素的淋滤、溶解和迁移，起到了成矿流体的作用，从而积极参与了沉积改造矿床的成矿作用。CaCl2型油田卤水易溶解Pb、Zn，而NaHCO3型油田卤水溶解Au、Ag的能力较强。在油田卤水中HS^-及SO4^2-离子对Au、Ag元素的络合能力强，而乙酸根离子及HS^-(或S^2-）易络合Pb、Zn元素。     

有机质在层控铅锌矿床中作用的实验研究

有机质在层控铅锌矿床中的作用已受到普遍重视。本文的实验研究内容和主要研究成果包括如下三个方面:1.Cu2+，Pb2+，Zn2+在共存的水相和油相中分配系数与温度和溶液成分关系的实验研究，证明在酸性条件下Cu，Pb，Zn元素95%以上趋向于在水溶液中，而在弱碱性条件下这些元素有强烈的在油相中富集的趋向，表现出典型的卟啉化合物的特征；2.矿物在油田卤水和相同盐度的Cacl－Nacl溶液中溶解度的对比实验研究，讨论了金属元素在油田卤水中的无机络合作用和有机络合作用之间的竞争能力；3.在人工组合双源层和温度压力同时作用的压力机条件下，进行了油气生成和运移过程对Pb，Zn元素活化迁移的实验研究，实验证明，新生成原油（氯仿沥青Ａ）中获得了Zn的52-769μg/g的高丰度，其中经过初次运移的原油往往含有更高含量的金属元素。因此，有理由认为在一定的成熟度范围内原油相可能是Pb，Zn等多金属元素迁移富集的重要载体和成矿流体的重要组成部分。     

新疆昆仑山布喀达坂峰-依吞布拉克一带岩石地球化学特征及元素分布规律

新疆昆仑山东段布喀达坂峰-依吞布拉克一带区域岩石地球化学特征表明：长城系富集W、Pb；奥陶系富集Au；二叠系富集Cu、Zn、Hg、Sb；三叠系富集Zn、Pb、Ag；三叠纪石英斑岩富集Cu、Zn、Hg、Sb．元素区域分布规律表明：与全国高寒山区平均水平相比，工作区相对富集Ba、Hg、Pb、Sn、Mo元素，贫化铁族元素；工作区可分为北、中、南3个地球化学带．北带形成了富集Au、Ag、Sb、Hg、Cu、Zn、Pb、Mo、Mg及铁族元素，贫化Cr、Co、Ni、Li、Be、Bi元素地球化学带；中带富集Cu、Pb、Zn、Ag、W、Sn、Mo、U、Th，贫化Hg、Li及铁族元素，形成了有色、稀有稀土、放射性元素地球化学带；南带富集Au、As、Sb、Hg、Cu、Zn，形成了贵重、有色元素地球化学带．石英斑岩富集Cu、Zn、Hg、Sb元素．祁漫塔格带元素组合与斑岩型铜钼矿、层控型Pb、Zn矿和夕卡岩型铁多金属矿床元素组合相似．第四系元素含量均一，不存在元素大面积区域性富集与贫化的物理化学条件．     

澜沧老厂外围银铅锌铜多金属异常资源潜力评价

基于澜沧地区1：10万分散流普查结果，利用澜沧老厂地球化学异常成矿模型，确定该区地球化学异常中Pb、Zn、Ag、Cu的成矿率。根据其它地球化学异常中蕴古Pb、Zn、Ag、Cu等元素的所有金属量，对异常所含Pb、Zn、Ag、Cu资源量作出初略评价。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定铜铅锌矿石中铜铅锌钴镍等元素方法确认

文章在修订GB/T 14353—1993《铜矿石、铅矿石和锌矿石化学分析方法》研究工作中,建立了电感耦合等离子体发射光谱同时测定铜铅锌矿石中铜铅锌钴镍等元素的标准分析方法。通过控制试样量和制备试样溶液的体积,可实现主量元素铜、铅、锌与次量元素钴、镍的同时测定。测定范围为铜0.002%~8.5%,铅0.01%~5%,锌0.005%~3%,钴0.001 5%~0.5%,镍0.003%~0.5%。按照相关国家标准对测量方法与结果的准确度进行8个实验室协同参加的准确度试验,统计参数结果表明在限定水平范围内方法偏倚不显著;利用方法重复性限参数,计算可能产生的最大相对偏差。分析方法精密度满足《地质矿产实验室测试质量管理规范》的要求。     

Efficient separation of zinc from zinc containing copper sulfide concentrate by chemical leaching

As the most abundant copper containing resource and zinc containing resource, chalcopyrite and sphalerite/marmatite commonly coexist as Cu-Zn mixed ores in deposits. However, it is difficult to completely separate sphalerite and chalcopyrite by flotation, thus resulting in the existence of zinc impurity in copper concentrate. Sphalerite/marmatite existed in copper sulfide concentrate as impurity may lead to severe damage of the smelting equipment, and cause the waste of copper and Zn resources, it will also decrease of the sale price of copper concentrates. Therefore, the deep separation of zinc from zinc bearing copper sulfide concentrate is of great significance. In this work, selective chemical leaching was developed to efficiently remove zinc from zinc containing copper sulfide concentrate. Under the optimal condition (i.e., sulfuric acid concentration exceed 100 g/L, temperature of 80 °C, pulp density of 10%, leaching time of 48 h), over 85% Zn was extracted into the leaching solution together with only about 10% Cu and Fe, according to the leaching experiment. Leaching slurry had good solid-liquid separation characteristics, and zinc can be further effectively recovered from the leaching solution. According to X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM/EDS) analysis, chalcopyrite was the main mineralogical phase in the residues, which can be regarded as high quality copper concentrate for metallurgy. Accordingly, a new process for deep and efficient separation of Cu-Zn mixed ores has been proposed.     

Assessment of heavy metal pollution in the urban stream sediments and its tributaries

Globally, aquatic ecosystems are highly polluted with heavy metals arising from anthropogenic and terrigenous sources. The objective of this study was to investigate the pollution of stream sediments and possible sources of pollutants in Nakivubo Channel Kampala, Uganda. Stream sediments were collected and analysed for heavy metal concentration using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The degree of pollution in Nakivubo channelized stream sediments for lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, manganese and iron was assessed using enrichment factor, geo-accumulation index and pollution load index. The results indicated that (1) the sediments have been polluted with lead, cadmium and zinc and have high anthropogenic influences; (2) the calculation of geo-accumulation index suggest that Nakivubo stream sediments have background concentration for copper, manganese and Fe (I _geo ≤ 0); (3) factor analysis results reveal three sources of pollutants as explained by three factors (75.0 %); (i) mixed origin or retention phenomena of industrial and vehicular emissions; (ii) terrigenous and (iii) dual origin of zinc (vehicular and industrial). In conclusion, the co-precipitation (inclusion, occlusion and adsorption) of lead, cadmium and zinc with manganese and iron hydroxides, scavenging ability of other metals, very low dissolved oxygen and slightly acidic to slightly alkaline pH in stream water could account for the active accumulation of heavy metals in Nakivubo stream sediments. These phenomena may pose a risk of secondary water pollution under sediment disturbance and/or changes in the geo-chemistry of sediments.     

Study of mango biomass (Mangifera indica L) as a cationic biosorbent

Unfertilizable fruiting buds of mango plant Mangifera Indica L, an agrowaste, is used as a biomass in this study. The efficacy of the biosorbent was tested for the removal of lead, copper, zinc and nickel metal ions using batch experiments in single and binary metal solution under controlled experimental conditions. It is found that metal sorption increases when the equilibrium metal concentration rises. At highest experimental solution concentration used (150 mg/L), the removal of metal ions were 82.76 % for lead, 76.60 % for copper, 63.35 % for zinc and 59.35 % for nickel while at lowest experimental solution concentration (25 mg/L), the removal of metal ions were 92.00% for lead, 86.84 % for copper, 83.96 % for zinc and 82.29 % for nickel. Biosorption equilibrium isotherms were plotted for metal uptake capacity (q) against residual metal concentrations (C_f) in solution. The q versus C_f sorption isotherm relationship was mathematically expressed by Langmuir and Freundlich models. The values of separation factor were between zero and one indicating favourable sorption for four tested metals on the biosorbent. The surface coverage values were approaching unity with increasing solution concentration indicating effectiveness of biosorbent under investigation. The non-living biomass of Mangifera indica L present comparable biosorption capacity for lead, copper, zinc and nickel metal ions with other types of biosorbent materials found in literature and is effective to remove metal ions from single metal solutions as well as in the presence of other co-ions with the main metal of solution.     

蒸馏分离-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地球化学样品中痕量钌和锇

建立了蒸馏分离-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地球化学样品中痕量钌和锇的分析方法。进行了蒸馏温度和时间、氧化剂、吸收液等条件的选择,消除了等离子体质谱法测定钌和锇的干扰。样品用过氧化钠熔融,酸化后以高锰酸钾-过硫酸钾-氯化钠作为同时蒸馏钌和锇的氧化剂,采用20 mL 50 g/L水合肼溶液同时吸收从混合物中分离出来的痕量钌和锇,用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定。方法的检出限Ru为0.020 ng/g,Os为0.015 ng/g;方法加标回收率Ru为94.0%~102.7%,Os为96.0%~102.4%;精密度为4.72%~9.58%(n=12)。方法经国家一级标准物质验证,钌和锇的测定结果与标准值相符。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法直接测定铜矿石中银铜铅锌

采用硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸混合酸消化处理样品,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定了铜矿石中的银、铜、铅和锌。较系统地研究了仪器的最佳化工作参数,采用基体匹配和校正因子相结合的办法校正样品的基体干扰和光谱干扰。方法检出限为:银3.15μg/g,铜4.00μg/g,铅12.0μg/g,锌6.00μg/g(稀释因子500),精密度(RSD,n=12)在0.38%~4.55%。方法经国家一级多金属矿石标准物质验证,测定值与标准值吻合,结果准确可靠。     

The treatment of smelter fume prior to segregation roasting

A method is described whereby smelter fume, containing lead and zinc as major components and copper as a valuable impurity, may be pretreated so that subsequently 80–90% of the lead can be segregated and separated as PbS on char, with 92–98% of the zinc and 80–85% of the copper remaining in the residue in a form that can be treated by processes such as the commercial Jarosite process for treating zinc residues.The pretreatment involves selective sulphate roasting of the fume, premixed with an iron-containing additive, substantially all lead compounds in the fume are converted to lead sulphate and all zinc and copper complexed as ferrites. Depending on the nature of the iron-containing additive, the sulphate-roasting atmosphere can be provided by feeding SO₂ and O₂ or air mixtures to the roaster, or it can be generated internally by the oxidation and/or decomposition of sulphur compounds in the fume—iron-additive mixture. In either case, 800°C is the optimum sulphate-roast temperature. The distribution of impurities in the fume is discussed.     

Association of trace metals with various sedimentary phases in dam reservoirs

In the present study sediment and water samples collected from Kowsar Dam reservoir in Kohkiluye and Boyerahmad Province, southwest of Iran, are subjected to bulk digestion and chemical partitioning. The concentrations of nickel, lead, zinc, copper, cobalt, cadmium, manganese and iron in water and bed sediment were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The concentrations of metals bounded to five sedimentary phases were estimated. On this basis, the proportions of natural and anthropogenic elements were calculated.The anthropogenic portion of elements are as follows: zinc (96 %)> cobalt (88 %)> iron (78 %)> magnesium (78 %)> nickel (78 %)> copper (66 %)> lead (63 %)> cadmium (59 %). The results show sediment contamination by nickel, cadmium and lead, according to the world aquatic sediments and mean earth crust values. Manganese and copper have strong association with organic matter and are of high portion of sulfide bounded ions. Finally, The degree of sediment contamination was evaluated using enrichment factor, geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and pollution index (IPoll). The sediments were identified to be of high cadmium and lead pollution index. The pattern of pollution intensity according to enrichment factor is as follows; manganese (1.25) < copper (1.63) < zinc (1.93) < cobalt (2.35) < nickel (3.83) < lead (12.63) < cadmium (78.32). Cluster analysis was performed in order to assess heavy metal interactions between water and sediment. Accordingly, nickel, cadmium and copper are earth originated. Zinc, copper and manganese are dominated by pH. All the elemental concentrations in water and sediment are correlated except for sedimental copper.     

铜精矿化学成分分析实验室间比对结果评价和离群值原因分析

铜精矿成分分析是判定其品质的重要手段,尤其是主元素铜的分析.目前,测定铜精矿中铜含量的主要分析方法有碘量法、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)、火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)、X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)、电解重量法等.为确保检测标准量值统一、准确、可靠,本文组织开展了铜精矿中铜镁铅锌的测定实验室间比对活动.通...     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定磷矿石中微量有毒元素铅砷镉

用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定磷矿石中微量有毒元素铅、砷和镉,并对溶样条件及共存元素干扰和仪器工作条件进行了试验。方法检出限为Pb0.042mg/L、As0.053mg/L、Cd0.006mg/L;相对标准偏差为(RSD,n=11)Pb0.86%、As1.36%和Cd1.08%;回收率为Pb109.3%、As94.0%和Cd90.0%。方法用于分析磷矿石标准样品和出口磷矿石检验样,分析结果与其他方法一致,能够满足日常检验的要求。