基于非线性薛定谔方程的波浪预报方法研究

为探索海浪波面信息的实时预报方法,以三阶非线性薛定谔(NLS)方程的逆散射变换求解为基础,通过理论推导,给出了一种由实测波高时历数据计算其NLS方程本征值的方法,进一步实现了对波浪包络时空演变的预报。通过预报结果与实测波列的比对,验证了方法的有效性和准确性。该方法可为船舶或海上平台的大浪预警,以及为大波浪中海上作业寻找窗口期等提供一条新的技术途径。     

Generating extreme ship responses using non-uniform phase distributions

Modified Gaussian phase distributions are used to generate short time series containing a specific extreme value of a ship response. The corresponding incident wave train is calculated via linear systems theory. Sample response and wave time series are compared to the expected time series as calculated by probabilistic analysis. The average of the sample response time series compares favorably to the expected time series, but the average of the sample wave trains does not, in general, match the expected wave train. These comparisons show the danger in estimating extreme ship responses considering only extreme waves. A sample analysis for a Great Lakes bulk carrier is included for illustration.     

Comparison of methods for calculation of the wave envelope

Different methods for computing of the Hilbert transform are reviewed and discussed in this work. Statistical characteristics of the wave envelope determined by different methods are compared with the theoretical ones. Field data, collected at the Portuguese coast are used in this comparative analysis. The advantages and shortcomings of the different methods for determination of the wave envelope are shown and discussed.     

海洋多要素长时间序列的motif规则树构建方法研究

对海洋数据进行挖掘能够有效地预测海洋灾害事件。海洋监测数据具有时序长、间隔短、多要素间强关联的特点,对长时间序列进行直接分析挖掘速度慢、效率低,现有方法大多采用符号化时间序列方法,但可能导致部分信息丢失且破坏 要素间的关联性。本文定义了时间序列 motif,用于发现时间序列中重复出现的,先前未知的局部信息,解决了符号化导致的信息丢失的问题,实现了时间序列 motif 的精确快速提取。通过构建 motif 规则树,实现了海洋多要素时间序列间强关联规则的挖掘。最后,给出关联规则评价参数,同随机游走数据对比后,证明了本文方法的有效性。     

Extreme value estimates for arbitrary bandwidth Gaussian processes using the analytic envelope

A procedure is presented for the estimation of extreme values of stationary Gaussian random processes with arbitrary bandwidths. This approach is based on the analytic envelope defined by the Hilbert Transform; this envelope is Rayleigh distributed regardless of bandwidth. For experimentally derived data that has been converted into digital form, the Hilbert Transform is approximated using algorithms implemented on a digital computer to produce samples of the envelope's time history. Next, the degree of correlation between these envelope samples is taken into account using a method developed from simulation studies of a series of synthetic Gaussian time histories with varying bandwidths. Once this correlation effect has been estimated, the standard methods of order statistics are applied to these samples using the Rayleigh probability density function. Examples of applying this procedure to experimentally derived data are presented.     

罗兰C信号包络提取技术研究

为改善罗兰C接收机的接收性能,获取更高的定位精度,关键是提高罗兰C信号包络提取的精度。分别讨论了希尔伯特变换、小波变换和短时平均能量三种包络提取方法在罗兰C信号处理中的应用效果。仿真验证表明,基于Morlet小波的包络提取方法精度最高,效果最佳,满足罗兰C接收机实际信号处理条件下对包络信息精确性高的要求。     

Sonar tracking of multiple targets using joint probabilistic data association

The problem of associating data with targets in a cluttered multi-target environment is discussed and applied to passive sonar tracking. The probabilistic data association (PDA) method, which is based on computing the posterior probability of each candidate measurement found in a validation gate, assumes that only one real target is present and all other measurements are Poisson-distributed clutter. In this paper, a new theoretical result is presented: the joint probabilistic data association (JPDA) algorithm, in which joint posterior association probabilities are computed for multiple targets (or multiple discrete interfering sources) in Poisson clutter. The algorithm is applied to a passive sonar tracking problem with multiple sensors and targets, in which a target is not fully observable from a single sensor. Targets are modeled with four geographic states, two or more acoustic states, and realistic (i.e., low) probabilities of detection at each sample time. A simulation result is presented for two heavily interfering targets illustrating the dramatic tracking improvements obtained by estimating the targets' states using joint association probabilities.     

Rosenbrock methods in biogeochemical modelling – A comparison to Runge–Kutta methods and modified Patankar schemes

Modelling biogeochemical processes in the surface ocean is still a difficult task due to the challenge to identify the most convenient integration scheme for the reaction terms. The scheme is expected to deal with the model characteristics of positivity and conservativity as well as with the different time scales involved, which occur e.g., whenever photochemical reactions take place in the water column.This paper presents a numerical comparison of the Rosenbrock methods, ROS3 and ROS4, often used for solving chemical reactions, to the explicit fourth-order Runge–Kutta method and the unconditionally positive modified Patankar schemes. Following their successful application in air chemistry, we here test the hypothesis that the Rosenbrock methods are an optimal choice for marine biogeochemical modelling in terms of efficiency and accuracy. In this study the schemes are compared in terms of runtime and accuracy and are applied to two test cases of different complexity: a zero-dimensional nutrient–phytoplankton–detritus (NPD)-type model and a one-dimensional nutrient–phytoplankton–zooplankton–detritus (NPZD)-type model. Applying the Rosenbrock methods to the simple NPD model shows their advantage over the other applied methods. They give the most accurate results of all solvers, especially for large step sizes, in less computing time due to their semi-implicitness and adaptive step sizing. On the contrary, for the one-dimensional NPZD model problem this is only the case in comparison to the Runge–Kutta solver, while their performance is worse than that of the second-order modified Patankar scheme. They need longer runtimes than the latter ones in order to achieve similarly accurate results. However, the modified Patankar schemes are not conservative if the system reactions contain more than one source compound. Thus, for more complex marine biogeochemical problems, it is recommended to apply the Rosenbrock methods while for simpler models the use of the second-order modified Patankar method is still the best alternative.     

Analysis of VIV for Barrel-Shaped Mast with Covering Ice by HPD-S Method

The vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) of barrel-shaped mast are calculated by three numerical methods, i.e. Newmark-b, HPD-L (High Precision Direct integration scheme-Linear form), and HPD-S (High Precision Direct integration scheme-Sinusoidal form). According to the measured value, the accuracy curves are given to show the advantages of HPD-S method over others. Based on the comparison above, HPD-S method is used to calculate the influence of ice covering on the mast to VIV responses. It has been proved that the vortex-induced responses of barrel-shaped mast are changed along with ice thicknesses and types.     

基于声暴露级向量的海洋工程噪声信号自动提取方法

为从海量的海洋原始噪声数据中快速和准确地提取海洋工程噪声信号,完善大型海洋工程的海洋噪声评估方法,文章提出基于声暴露级向量的海洋工程噪声信号自动提取方法,并进行实验验证。研究结果表明:基于声暴露级向量的信号自动提取方法实现的核心是计算疑似信号与样本信号声暴露级向量(包括声暴露级和有效时间长度)的标准化欧氏距离,结合变步长截取分析、半波包络双阈值触发和中心位置触发等方法,提高信号提取的效率和准确率;与传统的人工提取方法相比,该自动提取方法具有稳健、准确和高效的性能,可替代人工提取方法并广泛应用。     

Practical implementation of Hilbert-Huang Transform algorithm

Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) is a newly developed powerful method for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis. The empirical mode decomposition is the key part of HHT, while its algorithm was protected by NASA as a US patent, which limits the wide application among the scientific community. Two approaches, mirror periodic and extrema extending methods, have been developed for handling the end effects of empirical mode decomposition. The implementation of the HHT is realized in detail to widen the application. The detailed comparison of the results from two methods with that from Huang et al. (1998, 1999), and the comparison between two methods are presented. Generally, both methods reproduce faithful results as those of Huang et al. For mirror periodic method (MPM), the data are extended once forever. Ideally, it is a way for handling the end effects of the HHT, especially for the signal that has symmetric waveform. The extrema extending method (EEM) behaves as good as MPM, and it is better t     

Assimilation of the data of observations and adaptive prediction of the natural processes

We propose a dynamical model for the prediction of random components of natural processes. The model is based on the system concept of adaptive balance of causes (ABC-model) and contains dynamic equations for the coefficients of influence adapted to the correlations existing in the predicted processes. To improve the accuracy of predictions, we consider two possible schemes of assimilation of the data of observations in the equations of the ABC-model, namely, the Kolmogorov and Kalman schemes. Both schemes are oriented toward the application of sample correlation coefficients for the prediction of time series of measurements and, hence, take into account the nonstationarity of actual natural processes. We present some examples of prediction of the simulated time series clarifying the algorithms of assimilation of the data of observations. A conclusion is made that the methods of systems modeling and adaptive prediction of random processes by the ABC-method are quite promising.     

基于多处理板联合SAR成像的分布式计算模拟系统研究

合成孔径雷达(SAR)卫星的探测范围有限,全轨利用率不高,并且单个卫星的计算和存储资源有限,难以完成大量的星载合成孔径雷达数据处理.本文拟采用多处理板联合的数据处理方法,针对星上分布式计算构建一种模拟系统,以提高星上数据处理效率,验证多处理板联合的数据处理方法在高效利用卫星计算与存储资源、提升单个卫星全轨利用率等方面的...     

基于广义延拓逼近法的GPS高程拟合

将广义延拓逼近法用于GPS高程拟合中,解析了该方法的基本原理与算法。通过实例验证分析此方法用于GPS高程拟合的适用性与精度,重点将该方法与其他几种常见的GPS高程拟合方法在同等条件下的计算结果进行对比分析。实例证实,该算法用于GPS高程拟合相对于其他方法,精度较高,计算简单,且所得函数曲面光滑性更好。     

风暴增水随机分析的过阈法及其统计计算模式

以青岛大港观测站 32年增水过程为例 ,探讨风暴增水工程设计参数的频率分析法 ,进行了不同阈值序列及各种理论线型的分布拟合。首次提出 Poisson- Pearson- III型分布模式 ,并将其用于工程计算 :对比分析 POT法与年极值法的计算结果 ;给出青岛大港站风暴增水多年一遇设计值 ,为进一步科学地确定海岸防潮工程设计水位奠定了基础。     

Analysis and simulation of wave records through fast Hartley transform

The Hartley transform, a real-valued alternative to the complex Fourier transform, is presented as an efficient tool for the analysis and synthesis of ocean surface wave records. Basic theoretical properties of this real-valued transform are briefly reviewed. Similarities and differences between Fourier and Hartley integral transforms, as well as computational benefits and disadvantages between numerical algorithms used to evaluate their discrete versions, are presented. The fast Hartley transform algorithm is used to simulate stationary Gaussian time series of the sea surface elevation and to estimate the spectral density function, the Hilbert transform and the envelope function of wave records.     

大珠母贝Pinctada maxima(Jameson)亲贝人工促熟培育与诱导排放精卵的研究

用亚心形扁藻Platymonassubcoriformis,湛江等鞭藻Isochrysiszhanjiangensis及某些配合饲料培育大珠母贝pinctadamaxima(Jameson)亲贝,可以促进性腺发育成熟并保持易于诱导排放状态。在需要进行人工育苗时,给亲贝以一定的刺激,即可诱导产卵排精。采用这种方法进行大珠母贝人工育苗,受精率和活率都比剖贝取卵授精的方法高。而且不用杀死大珠母贝亲贝。     

希尔伯特-黄变换的端点延拓

希尔伯特-黄变换(HHT)是近年来发展起来的一种新的时间序列信号分析方法.该文在对HHT深入研究与充分肯定的基础上,发展了信号的镜像闭合延拓和包络的极值延拓两种方法.通过几个典型的例子检验了两种方法,并与Huang等(1998,1999)进行了比较,得到了令人满意的结果.镜像闭合延拓法根据信号端点的分布特性,把镜子放在具有对称性的极值位置,通过镜像法把镜内信号映射成一个周期性的信号,不存在端点,从根本上避免了经验模态分解和希尔伯特变换的端点问题.极值延拓法简单易行,具有与镜像闭合法相当的效果,在处理非对称波形信号时更显其优越性.     

Wave groupiness variations in the nearshore

This paper proposes a new definition of the groupiness factor, GF, based on the envelope of the incident-wave time series. It is shown that an envelope-based GF has several important advantages over the SIWEH-based groupiness factor, including objective criteria for determining the accuracy of the envelope function and well-defined numerical limits.Using this new GF, the variability of incident wave groupiness in the field is examined both temporally, in unbroken waves at a fixed location, and spatially, in a cross-shore array through the surf zone. Contrary to previous studies using the SIWEH-based GF, results suggest that incident wave groupiness may not be an independent parameter in unbroken waves; through a wide range of spectral shapes, from swell to storm waves, the groupiness did not vary significantly. As expected, the groupiness decreases rapidly as waves break through the surf zone, although significant wave height variability persists even through a saturated surf zone. The source of this inner surf zone groupiness is not identified; however, this observation implies that models of long wave generation must account for nonsteady radiation stress gradients landward of some narrow zone near the mean breakpoint.     

Semi-Lagrangian methods for a finite element coastal ocean model

Coastal ocean hydrodynamic models are subject to a number of stability constraints. The most important of these are the Courant–Friedrichs–Levy (CFL) constraint on gravity waves, a Courant (Cr) number constraint on advection, and a time step constraint on the vertical component of viscous stresses. The model described here removes these constraints using a semi-implicit approximation in time and a semi-Lagrangian approximation for advection. The accuracy and efficiency of semi-Lagrangian methods depends crucially on the methods used to calculate trajectories and interpolate at the foot of the trajectory. The focus of this paper is on evaluation of several new and old semi-Langrangian methods. In particular, we compare 3 methods to calculate trajectories (Runge–Kutta (RK2), analytical integration (AN), power-series expansion (PS)) and 3 methods to interpolate (local linear (LL), global linear (GL), global quadratic (GQ)) on unstructured grids. The AN and PS methods are both efficient and accurate, and the latter can be expanded in a straightforward manner to treat time-dependent velocity. The GQ interpolation method provides a major step in introducing efficient and accurate semi-Lagrangian methods to unstructured grids.