全吉地块金泉山—化石沟一带古生代 花岗质岩体地球化学及其构造意义

柴达木盆地北缘之全吉地块花岗质岩体大量发育,具多期次多阶段特征。通过对全吉地块金泉山—化石沟一带古生代花岗质岩体岩石学、岩石化学特征及单颗粒锆石U-Pb同位素定年,发现该区花岗岩有4次侵入,侵入时代分别为早奥陶世(471~476Ma)、中奥陶世(459±5Ma)、早志留世(423±4Ma)和中泥盆世(366±2Ma)。岩石地球化学研究显示,该4期花岗岩均具典型的钙碱性特征,轻稀土富集、重稀土轻度亏损、Eu轻微负异常—正异常,大离子亲石元素K2O、Rb、Ba、Th等相对强烈富集,高场强元素Nb、Ta、Hf、Zr及Yb明显亏损,除第4期岩体即具I型,又具S花岗岩特征外,其它各期次均属I型花岗岩,总体显示岩体具壳源特征,为板块碰撞前消减地区花岗岩,研究推测,金泉山—化石沟一带古生代花岗质岩体第1、2组年龄为全吉地块与柴达木陆块碰撞的时代,第3组年龄反映了深俯冲地下的板块由于拆沉而折返的时代,第4组年龄为碰撞隆起后造山带伸展、滑塌的时代。     

云南德钦县水边寺闪长岩体锆石U-Pb定年及地质意义

水边寺闪长岩体位于金沙江结合带德钦县水边寺一带,主要岩性为闪长岩。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法测得水边寺闪长岩的形成年龄为276.0±3.0Ma,表明该闪长岩体形成时代为早二叠世晚期。岩体属于钙碱性花岗岩系列,稀土元配分线显示右倾型,轻稀土元素相对富集,Eu显示弱负异常,说明岩石内斜长石较为明显的分异结晶作用。根据构造环境判别图解,水边寺闪长岩具火山弧花岗岩+同碰撞花岗岩(VAG+syn-COLG)构造环境。     

云南德钦县水边寺闪长岩体锆石U-Pb定年及地质意义

水边寺闪长岩体位于金沙江结合带德钦县水边寺一带,主要岩性为闪长岩。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法测得水边寺闪长岩的形成年龄为276.0±3.0Ma,表明该闪长岩体形成时代为早二叠世晚期。岩体属于钙碱性花岗岩系列,稀土元配分线显示右倾型,轻稀土元素相对富集,Eu显示弱负异常,说明岩石内斜长石较为明显的分异结晶作用。根据构造环境判别图解,水边寺闪长岩具火山弧花岗岩+同碰撞花岗岩(VAG+syn-COLG)构造环境。     

北淮阳东段河棚岩体地球化学特征、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及地质意义

河棚岩体位于北淮阳东段河棚地区,为似斑状细粒黑云钾长花岗岩,具较高的SiO_2和碱质含量,属于偏铝质碱性系列岩石。稀土元素含量中等,LaN/YbN与LREE/HREE值均较大,HREE相对于LREE明显亏损,Eu弱负异常,具较弱的Ce负异常,轻稀土分馏较明显,重稀土较平坦,属轻稀土富集型。岩石富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、K和高场强元素Th、U、Ce、Zr、Hf,亏损Nb、Ta、Sr、Ti、P。通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,获得河棚岩体206Pb/238 U年龄为128.6±2.1 Ma,表明该岩体形成于燕山晚期,是早白垩世早期岩浆活动的产物,代表河棚岩体的成岩年龄。主、微量元素地球化学特征表明河棚岩体属于非造山A型花岗岩,形成于燕山晚期伸展构造环境。     

福建政和地区加里东期花岗岩的厘定及其大地构造意义

福建政和地区林屯石英闪长岩和富美花岗岩原定为燕山早期岩体,通过对其进行锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素测年分析,获得的年龄分别为林屯岩体433±7 Ma,富美岩体369±4 Ma。林屯岩体全岩微量元素具有明显的Ti、Nb、Ta负异常和Pb正异常,轻稀土富集,重稀土配分曲线较为平缓,不具明显的Eu负异常,为I型花岗岩,具有板块边缘幔源岩浆的特征。富美岩体全岩微量元素具有明显的Ba、Sr、P、Ti负异常和Rb、Pb、Th、U正异常,轻稀土富集,Eu负异常明显,具有板内S型花岗岩的特征。两个岩体的同位素测年及元素地球化学分析结果证明,这两个岩体为加里东期形成,反映了武夷山地区存在加里东期构造?岩浆事件,也为武夷山加里东构造运动的性质和时限提供了精确约束。     

西秦岭熊山沟岩体地球化学及构造环境分析

在区域地质调查及综合研究的基础上,对位于西秦岭天水东南部地区的原百花岩体进行了详细的岩石学、岩石地球化学、岩体接触关系、同位素年龄研究,从中解体出熊山沟岩体,并初步了解了该岩体的岩浆活动规律。熊山沟岩体早期岩石类型为斜长花岗岩,岩石化学成分K2O含量较低,K2O∕Na2O比值为0.33～0.42;晚期岩石类型为二长花岗岩,岩石相对富集K2O,K2O∕Na2O比值为1.01～1.43,岩石属拉斑-钙碱性系列;微量元素富集Th、Hf、Nb、Zr等元素;稀土元素以富集轻稀土,无铕负异常或铕负异常不明显为主要特征;氧同位素值较低（δ^18O为＋3.32‰）,岩石具Ⅰ型花岗岩的特征,岩浆来源于下地壳物质,形成于大陆弧构造环境。     

浙江长乐绿溪花岗岩体U-Pb年代学及地球化学研究

浙东长乐地区岩浆岩受区域构造控制较明显,沿北东向余姚—丽水断裂带广泛分布。本文对绿溪正长花岗岩进行了U-Pb锆石年代学和岩石地球化学研究,发现该岩体具高硅、富碱且富钾的准铝质-弱过铝质钙碱性特征,轻重稀土分馏明显,具有较强的Eu负异常,亏损高场强元素(HFSE)P、Ti,轻微富集Th、La、Zr、Hf,富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)Rb、K和轻稀土元素(LREE),相对亏损Sr、Ba,岩石成因为高分异I型花岗岩;岩体侵位年龄为127.6±1.5Ma,属浙东燕山期侵入活动集中的早白垩世中晚期产物,形成于同碰撞-后碰撞环境下,而其Sr、P、Ti等元素的亏损指示了其具有陆缘弧构造岩浆属性,反映其源岩为古太平洋板块向欧亚板块俯冲作用的产物。     

新疆阿尔泰地区卡郎花岗岩体年代学、地球化学特征及构造意义讨论

中阿勒泰构造带卡郎岩体主要由灰白色粗中粒花岗闪长岩组成,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄(410.5±2.1)Ma(MSWD=0.28),为早泥盆世。岩石具高Si O_2、Al_2O_3、富碱、贫镁特征,轻稀土富集,轻重稀土分馏程度较高,具明显的K,P,Ti,Sr负异常,Th,La,Nd正异常和Eu负异常特征,暗示岩体源区有富钙斜长石、钛铁矿及磷灰石残留,同时幔源物质有一定混入;具负的ε_(Nd)(t)(-4.78~-4.02)和较老的两阶段模式年龄(T_(2DM))(1.1~1.2 Ga),表明其源区可能存在中元古代物质;形成于俯冲环境的卡郎岩体花岗岩,为阿尔泰地区岩体形成环境提供新的依据。     

川西太阳河黑云母二长花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄、岩石地球化学特征及其地质意义

为揭示松潘-甘孜造山带构造演化及花岗岩成矿作用特征,对太阳河岩体进行了锆石U-Pb定年及地球化学研究。结果显示,岩性主要为黑云母二长花岗岩和黑云母花岗闪长岩,锆石U-Pb年龄为(206.7±1.3)Ma,表明岩体形成于中生代印支末期。岩石的A/CNK为1.01～1.15,具有较低的Sr含量,Rb/Sr值较低,为0.12～0.36。大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba相对富集,Sr元素则呈现出较为明显的负异常。高场强元素Nb、Hf、P亏损,La、Ce、Nd、Sm、Zr等呈正异常而明显富集。岩体稀土总量为238×10~(-6)～1057×10~(-6),轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损。La_N/Yb_N值为39.85～192.16,δEu=0.64～0.92,δCe=0.89～1.06。岩石地球化学特征显示,该岩体具有过铝质S型花岗岩特征,源区为杂砂岩,形成于陆内汇聚-推覆造山阶段的后碰撞环境。     

新疆阿尔泰山西北部喀拉斯岩体锆石U-Pb年龄及构造意义

新疆阿尔泰山西北部喀拉斯岩体位于喀纳斯河以北,采用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法测得该岩体谐和年龄为(473.3±2.9)Ma(MSWD=0.36),表明该岩体侵入时代为早奥陶世。岩石地球化学特征显示岩体具高硅、富钠、高钾及铝过饱和特征,属高钾钙碱性高温型强过铝质花岗岩。微量元素Rb,Th,La等相对富集,Nb,Sr,Ti,Ba等亏损,LREE富集,HREE亏损,具较强的Eu负异常。综合前人研究成果认为:该岩体是典型的S型花岗岩,形成于活动大陆边缘的岛弧环境。     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液的研究

通过烧杯搅拌实验对混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液进行研究,从混凝剂适应p H值范围、混凝效果、沉降速度三方面研究比较,找出一种较为理想的混凝剂,并分析了影响混凝剂性能的主要因素,确定了混凝剂的最佳投放剂量。      

黄河源区水环境变化及黄河出现冬季断流的原因

自1954年有水文观测资料以来，黄河曾在青海省玛多县黄河沿水文站发生过3次断流。本文在分析黄河源区水环境特征及其影响因素的基础上指出，鄂陵湖、扎陵湖的环湖融区调节能力低，当遇到连续干旱、冬季其调节水量不足以维系黄河径流时便会发生断流，这是断流的主因。湖水位降低、开采沙金、过度放牧等自然和人为因素也会对黄河发生断流产生影响。鄂陵湖口附近黄河上修建的水电站开始蓄水，提高了两湖及环湖融区的调节能力，今后黄河冬季出现断流的可能性将大为降低。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

The evolution of the magmatism in the external zones of the Betic Cordilleras during the mesozoic

Abstract

The Mesozoic igneous rocks from the External Zones of the Betic Cordilleras extend for some 300 km along the Subbetic Zone. They are poorly differentiated basic rocks which, altogether, correspond to a transitional series containing tholeiitic and sodium-alkaline terms. They crop out as small ophite stocks and dykes intruded into middle- and upper-Triassic rocks, or as submarine flows and sills interlayered with Jurassic materials.

Geological and radiometric evidence points to an upper-Triassic-Liassic age for the ophite-generating magmatism, while the fissure volcanism began locally in the early-Liassic and extended throughout the Dogger. It reached its climax in the Tithonian and ceased abruptly in the lowermost Cretaceous.

The magmas that generated the two groups of rocks originated within the mantle. During the ascent through a continental crust they were contaminated by deep-crust granitoid rocks and by the assimilation of pelites from the basement. The chemical composition and fractional-crystallization differentiation trends of the ophites belong to the tholeiitic series, while those of the middle-uppermost Jurassic magmas to the sodic-alkaline series. This magmatic evolution may be attributed to a geodynamic change from distensive in the Triassic to transtensive from the middle-Jurassic onwards.     

悬板开孔对排沙漏斗流场特性的影响

排沙漏斗的水沙分离性能取决于其流场特性,为了弄清楚悬板开孔对流场特性的影响,利用粒子图像测速技术和数值模拟方法,分别对悬板溢流段和非溢流段同时均匀布孔、仅在非溢流段布孔和无孔时的排沙漏斗流场特性开展研究。结果表明：①布孔位置不影响涡流性质但影响其强度,均匀布孔时涡流强度最小,不利于水沙离心分离;②无孔和仅在非溢流段布孔时的流场特性有利于泥沙径向输移、沉降和排出,均匀布孔径向速度和二次流流速减小不利于泥沙输移和排出;③仅在悬板非溢流段布孔时悬板表面速度大于其他方案,泥沙不易淤积于悬板。为减少悬板上的泥沙淤积量且同时要保证较高的泥沙截除率时可采用仅在悬板非溢流段布孔的方案优化悬板体型。     

On the Validity of the Boussinesq Approximation for the Elder Problem

The Elder problem is an example of a density driven flow, motivated by experiments of a thermally driven convection in porous media. It is a mathematical benchmark problem used for code verification of density driven flow simulators and comparison of issues related to its numerical treatment. Its bifurcation diagram with respect to the Rayleigh number is investigated on a hierarchy of uniformly refined grids. Eleven stationary solutions are shown to exist for the Elder problem. Similar solutions can be found using the Boussinesq approximation. Despite this similarity the corresponding bifurcation diagrams are shown to be topologically not equivalent. This gives rise to serious doubts on the validity of Boussinesq approximation for this model problem. Grid convergence is investigated for the numerically obtained solutions.