上海降水百年变化趋势及其城郊的差异

采用上海龙华中心气象站1893-1999年降水资料及上海周边郊县1960-1999年降水资料，分析上海降水的时空特征，研究结果表明：（1）上海年度降水存在着2a、3.2a、35.2a的准周期振动；上海百年气候按干湿状况可分为6个时期，1982年开始的这次多雨偏湿期周期趋向延长；上海降水的年际波动显著，旱涝灾害年发生概率为18.7%，上海气候特征在长江和钱塘江之间平原地区有相关广泛的代表性。（2）上海城郊降水存在着显著性差异，近40a市区降水增长率为郊县的1.5倍，城郊降水差异呈扩大趋势，上海城市雨岛效应主要存在于6-9月的梅雨和台风雨期间，有明显的雨岛中心，全市降水北片稍大于南片；多年降水有明显的长期趋势。而秋末到春季并无雨岛现象，全市降水南片略大于北片；多年降水表现为较强烈的波动性。     

上海中心城区河流水系百年变化及影响因素分析

分析上海中心城区河流水系1860~2003年变化情况,研究表明:①140余年来中心城区有历史记载河流消失至少310条段,总长超520 km,水面积减少约10.46 km²,水面率下降3.61%。中心城区所在水利片河流水系结构破坏,水系分枝比受河道消亡影响明显降低,水系分维数异常;②中心城区河流水系阶段性集中消亡,消亡驱动力因消亡时期而异;③初步估算,140余年来中心城区河道槽蓄容量减少超过2 029×10⁴m3、单位面积可调蓄容量减少5.06×10⁴m³/km²。河道槽蓄容量较百年前减少超过80%,城市河网调蓄能力明显削弱,且1950~1990年市政雨水泵站累积增加数目与同期区域内河道累积消失数量、长度和槽蓄容量间均呈显著正相关性。     

近百年来中国东北与日本北海道地区气温变化对比

利用东北及北海道地区7个气象站点1909~2003年逐月气温数据,建立两地区近百年来年、季气温序列,对近百年来两地区气温变化特征进行对比分析,结果表明:近百年来东北及北海道地区气温变化存在显著的增温趋势,前者进入显著升温期早于后者,其中对年均温上升趋势贡献较大的是冬、春两季,夏季升温幅度最小。两地区年均温表现出强的增温持续性,未来气候将继续变暖;两地区都存在9、28、40~42 a的变化周期,但两者主周期的次序所有不同;近百年来两地区气温变化在不同时间尺度上具有不同突变点。     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: GEOGRAPHY AND RETAILING. By Peter Scott. LANDFORMS OF COLD CLIMATES. By J. L. Davies. ATLAS OF BUNDALEER PLAINS AND TATALA. By F. M. Rothery. (Introduction by N. G. Butlin and J. N. Jennings.) THE EUROPEAN PEASANTRY: THE FINAL PHASE. By S. H. Franklin. AUSTRALIA WET OR DRY? THE PHYSICAL AND ECONOMIC LIMITS TO THE EXPANSION OF IRRIGATION. By B. R. Davidson. THE SEARCH FOR THE ISLANDS OF SOLOMON 1567–1838. By Colin Jack-Hinton. CAPITALISM PRIMITIVE AND MODERN. By T. Scarlett Epstein. PACIFIC MARKET PLACES. Edited by H. C. Brookfield. WEST AFRICA. By W. B. Morgan andj. C. Pugh. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS IN GEOGRAPHY. By Leslie J. King. PATTERNS OF INDUSTRIES. By R. S. Mathieson. PATTERNS OF CITIES. By A. J. Rose. ADMINISTRATION IN NEW ZEALAND'S MULTI-RACIAL SOCIETY. Edited by R. H. Brookes and I. H. Kawharu. ANTARCTIC MAP FOLIO SERIES. Folio 7, Glaciers of the Antarctic. By J. Mercer; and Folio 8, The Antarctic Atmosphere: Climatology of the Surface Environment. By W. S. Weyant. THE ARID ZONES. By K. Walton. LAND USE CAPABILITY SURVEY HANDBOOK. Water and Soil Division, Ministry of Works, Wellington QUANTITATIVE GEOGRAPHY. By John P. Cole and Cuchlaine A. M. King. AN INTRODUCTION TO QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS IN ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY. By Maurice H. Ycatcs. URBAN AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND: A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY TO 1966. By G. Breese. ARID LANDS OP AUSTRALIA. Edited by R. O. Slatyer and R. A. Perry. GROWTH OF THE WORLD'S URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION, 1920–2000. READINGS IN CANADIAN GEOGRAPHY. Edited by Robert M. Irving. CANADA: A GEOGRAPHICAL INTERPRETATION. Edited by John Warkentin. PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED: Notice of a book on these pages does not preclude its subsequent review in New Zealand Geographer or New Zealand Journal of Geography Australia New Zealand and the South-West Pacific. By J. H. Holmes. North West England. By W. E. Marsden. Geographical Digest. Edited by Harold Fullard. Landscape Studies. By J. H. Shaw and F. G. Kirkwood. Antarctica. By John Bechervaise. Hong Kong and the Philippines. By John Whiteley. The European Peasantry. By S. H. Franklin. Physical and Information Models in Geography. Edited by Richard J. Chorley and Peter Haggett. Integrated Models in Geography. Edited by Richard J. Chorley and Peter Haggett. Mt. Wilhelm Studies I: The Alpine and Subalpine Vegetation. By L. K. Wade and D. N. McVean. World Problems: A Topic Geography. By M. Long and B. S. Roberson. Matupit: Land, Politics and Change among the Tolai of New Britain. By A. L. Epstein. Brother Wohlers. By Sheila Natusch. The Camel in Australia. By Tom. L. McKnight. South Australia From the Air. Edited by Michael Williams. Fiji in the Pacific. By G. T. A. Kerr and T. A. Donnelly. North West Europe. By F. R. Dobson and H. E. Virgo. Senior Geography. By V. G. Honour, D. Hopley and A. R. Dyer. Macquarie Island. By J. S. Compston. Atlas Four. Edited by J. David Thompson. Europe in Maps. By R. Knowles and P. D. E. Stowc. The Arid Lands. R. L. Heathcote and C. R. Twidale. Fishing. By R. S. Mathieson. Wheat. By Hylda A. Rolfe.     

REVIEWS

INDIANS IN FIJI: FIJI'S INDIAN MAJORITY. By K. L. Gillion.
INDIANS IN FIJI: By Adrian C. Mayer.     

REVIEWS

Valuing Ecosystem Services: Nature's Services: Societal Dependence on Natural Ecosystems: Edited by Gretchen C. Daily.
Valuing Ecosystem Services: Human Ecology, Human Economy: Edited by Mark Diesendorf and Clive Hamilton.
Valuing Ecosystem Services: The State of New Zealand's Environment 1997: Principal authors Rowan Taylor and Ian Smith.     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
GEOMORPHOLOGY: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO AUSTRALIA. By C. R. Twidale, Melbourne.
COASTS. By E. C. F. Bird.
INDIA AND PAKISTAN. By O. H. K. Spate and A. T. A. Learmonth, with the collaboration of A. M. Learmonth, and a chapter on Ceylon by B. H. Farmer. Third Edition, London.
ESSAYS IN POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY. Edited by Charles A. Fisher.
THE GEOGRAPHY OF STATE POLICIES. By J. R. V. Prcscott.
URBAN REDEVELOPMENT IN AUSTRALIA. Edited by P. N. Troy, Canberra.
THE FATEFUL VOYAGE OF THE ST JEAN BAPTISTE. By J. Dunmore.
EXPLORING THE FRONTIERS. An Inaugural Lecture given by Professor Craig Duncan, first Professor of Geography, on Tuesday, 19 July, 1966. Reprinted from Seven Inaugural Lectures by the Foundation Professors of the University 1965–1966.
POLLUTION: WHAT IT IS; WHAT IT DOES; WHAT CAN BE DONE ABOUT IT. Edited by W. J. Maunder.     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
MR. EXPLORER DOUGLAS. Edited by John Pascoe
THE TORLESSE PAPERS, 1848–51. Edited by Peter Maling     

REVIEWS

T he I nterpretation of A erial P hotographs AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS: THEIR USE AND INTERPRETATION. By A. J. Eardley
AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS AND THEIR APPLICATION. By H. T. U. Smith
THE USE OF AERIAL SURVEY IN FORESTRY AND AGRICULTURE. By J. W. B. Sisam     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
CONTEMPORARY NEW ZEALAND: ESSAYS ON THE HUMAN RESOURCE, URBAN GROWTH AND PROBLEMS OF SOCIETY
NEW ZEALAND SOCIETY: CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVES     

REVIEWS

The Enigmas of Easter Island : By John Flenley and Paul Bahn.
Two Decades of Change in New Zealand: From Birth to Death V : By Judith A Davey.
Living Space: Towards Sustainable Settlements in New Zealand : Edited by Claire Freeman and Michelle Thompson-Fawcett.
The Prickly Pair: Making Nationalism in Australia and New Zealand : By Denis McLean.
Ecological Context of Development: New Zealand Perspectives : By Marjorie van Roon and Stephen Knight.
Key Concepts in Geography : Edited by Sarah L. Holloway, Stephen P. Rice and Gill Valentine.
Key Methods in Geography : Edited by Nicholas J. Clifford and Gill Valentine.
Global Positioning System: A Field Guide for the Social Sciences : By John Spencer, Brian G. Frizzelle, Philip H. Page, and John B. Vogler.
Glacial Landsystems : By David J. A. Evans (editor).
Food and Environment: Geographies of Taste : Edited by Armando Montanari.
The New Countryside: Geographic Perspectives on Rural Change : Edited by Kenneth B. Beesley, Hugh Millward, Brian Ilbery and Lisa Harrington.     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
NEW ZEALAND IN COLOUR. Photographs by Kenneth and Jean Bigwood; Text by James K. Baxter.
THE EARLY JOURNALS OF HENRY WILLIAMS 1826–40. Edited by Lawrence M. Rogers.z
SHEEP: PART II—SHEEPFARMING DEVELOPMENT AND SHEEP-BREEDS IN NEW ZEALAND. By P. G. Stevens.
HOW PEOPLE LIVE IN ISLANDS OF THE SOUTH PACIFIC. By R. Gerard Ward.
LATE-PLEISTOCENE ENVIRONMENTS OF NORTH PACIFIC NORTH AMERICA. By C.J. Heusser.
MAN'S ENVIRONMENTS. By W. G. East and G. M. Barrett.
ASIA. By R. R. Rawson and W. G. East.
THE BRITISH ISLES. By J. A. Morris.     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Hawke's bay region: National Resources Survey Part VI.
Wanganui Region: National Resources Survey Part VII.     

REVIEWS

Geography University By Gordon Clark and Terry Wareham
Communicating in Geography and the Environmental Sciences By lain Hay     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
G eography of F iji : FIJI, LITTLE INDIA OF THE PACIFIC. By John Wesley Coulter.
V olcanic L andforms : VOLCANOES AS LANDSCAPE FORMS. By C. A. Cotton.     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
NORTHLAND REGION. National Resources Survey, Part III. Wellington: Town and Country Planning Branch, Ministry of Works
ECONOMIC SURVEY OF NORTHLAND. Department of Industries and Commerce