晋城矿区无烟煤层中泥岩夹矸的变化特征及成因探讨

通过研究无烟煤层中泥岩夹矸的岩石矿物学特征，探讨其主要成分高岭石发生转化的主要方向及影响因素。对晋城矿区实地观测，并采集一定量的标本，通过显微镜下鉴定、差热分析、X射线粉晶衍射分析、红外吸收光谱分析等研究，发现无烟煤层泥岩夹矸中高岭石主要向伊利石转化，并有伊利石-蒙脱石(I／M)混层矿物及蒙脱石出现。煤的变质程度升高、夹矸矿物转化的主要原因是区域变质作用及周围介质条件的影响。     

河南禹县煤田山西组下部的潮道砂体

禹县煤田南部,早二叠世早期山西组下部的潮坪沉积中穿插有一支潮道砂体,其厚7～201m,由南向北呈树枝状分叉。其上覆对应部位,二₁煤层出现了可采薄煤带和无煤带。砂体底部与海湾相泥岩接触,其上局部也有此类泥岩或L₁₀灰岩,二₁煤层的全硫含量在薄煤带和无煤带附近明显偏高;此部位煤层夹矸、顶、底板泥质岩的粘土矿物组合类型、硼含量及某些相关微量元素比值都与过渡相接近。      

从煤的变质程度看夹矸转化

通过研究无烟煤层中泥岩夹矸的岩石矿物学特征,探讨了其主要成分高岭石发生转化的主要方向及影响因素。通过样品的显微镜下鉴定、差热分析、X射线粉晶衍射分析、红外吸收光谱分析等一系列测试结果的分析研究,发现无烟煤层泥岩夹矸中高岭石因受不同因素的影响而发生不同的转化,即:高岭石向伊利石转化,伊利石-蒙脱石(I/M)混层矿物及蒙脱石出现。其主要原因是区域变质作用及周围介质影响所致。     

新密煤田裴沟矿二1煤中环境敏感元素地球化学特征

运用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）、X射线荧光光谱方法（XRF）和X射线衍射方法（XRD）,对裴沟矿二₁煤层中钒、铬、砷、硒、铅五种元素的地球化学特征进行研究。通过系统测定元素的含量、煤中无机元素和矿物组成,研究其地球化学特征及其与构造煤形成过程之间的内在联系。研究表明:裴沟矿二₁煤层中As、V和Cr的含量明显偏高,Se与Pb属正常水平;除砷元素外,目标元素与煤中无机组分关系密切,主要赋存于黏土矿物中,如钒、铬主要赋存于黏土矿物高岭石、伊利石中,与硫酸盐、硫化物矿物也有联系;硒主要赋存于黏土矿物高岭石中,与金红石也有一定相关性;铅主要赋存于黏土矿物高岭石中。探讨了构造煤形成过程对环境敏感元素含量的影响,环境敏感元素含量在不同煤分层中含量差异性显著,构造煤形成过程中环境敏感元素在垂向上并无大规模的迁移和明显的均一化行为。      

京西门头沟叶腊石泥岩矿物学特征

我国含煤地层共伴生矿物种类较多,资源量较大,其中京西门头沟石炭-二叠纪煤系中的叶蜡石泥岩比较罕见,具有重要的开发利用价值。利用偏光显微镜、X射线衍射（XRD）、红外光谱（IR）、热分析（TA）、电子探针（EPM）等测试手段,从矿物学角度对北京西山门头沟红庙岭组叶腊石矿物学特征进行研究。结果表明,研究区泥岩叶腊石与硬水铝石、硬绿泥石等矿物共生,偏光显微镜下叶腊石通常呈隐晶或微晶鳞片状,定向分布。基于微区电子探针化学分析计算得出的叶腊石晶体结构化学式为:Al_1.9965（Si_3.9982 O₁₀）（O₂H_2.0180）。根据沉积地质背景和共生矿物组合特征,推断叶腊石的形成温度在300℃左右,认为京西门头沟区叶腊石为高岭石受到构造应力影响形成的动力变质矿物。      

无烟煤泥岩夹矸的岩石矿物学特征及其研究意义

对山西晋城矿区3号无烟煤层进行了实地观测，采集了一定数量的标本，通过显微镜下鉴定、差热分析、X射线粉晶衍射分析、红外吸收光谱分析等一系列测试手段对无烟煤层中泥岩夹矸的岩石矿物学特征进行了研究，对其主要成分高岭石发生变化的主要原因及影响因素进行了探讨。结果发现，无烟煤层中泥岩夹矸的主要成分高岭石因受不同因素的影响而向不同方向发生转化，主要表现在高岭石向伊利石转化，并有伊利石-蒙脱石(I/S)混层矿物及蒙脱石出现。造成这种煤的变质程度升高而其夹矸成分转化的主要原因可能是区域变质作用及周围介质条件影响所致。     

黑龙江省上古生界伊利石的成因标志及其地质意义

采用XRD技术,对黑龙江省上古生界泥质岩石中伊利石结晶度、多型和b值进行了测定,以揭示该区晚古生代极低级变质作用特征。测定结果表明,伊利石结晶度（Kübler指数）主要变化于0.31～0.77 °Δ2θ,伊利石（白云母）b值主要变化于8.983～9.011 A伊利石（白云母）多型为1M_d型、1M_d+2M₁混合型和2M₁型。上述伊利石矿物学参数揭示出,该区上古生界泥质岩石主体属于中-低压相晚期成岩带-低级近变质带范畴。进一步的研究表明,伊利石b值和伊利石结晶度存在明显的负相关关系,即随伊利石b值的逐渐增大（压力升高）,伊利石结晶度逐渐减小（温度升高）,暗示伊利石形成于一种正常的与埋深有关的成岩-变质环境,继而揭示出该区上古生界的成岩作用与变质作用是一个统一的连续过程而不是两个相互无关的地质事件。结合区域地质背景和内蒙、吉林等地伊利石的研究成果可以认为,东北地区上古生界并未遭受大规模的绿片岩相区域变质作用,局部出现的某些绿片岩相（或更高级别）的变质岩应是动力变质作用或接触变质作用的产物。     

大同侏罗纪煤层槽波频散特性及振幅特征

用数学模型的方法对大同侏罗纪煤田的１５个煤层进行频散和振幅分布模拟：夹矸大于０．２ｍ时，对频散和振幅分布有影响；对地质非对称模型，最大振幅偏离煤层中心。     

太原煤气化东河煤矿煤岩煤质特征综合研究

太原煤气化东河煤矿位于霍西煤田西南部,本文基于钻孔煤心和井下工作面获取煤样的测试化验结果,针对煤田2、10_上、10_下和11号可采煤层开展煤岩学分析、煤的工业分析、元素分析和煤工艺性能研究,查明了各煤层的煤岩煤质特征,。结果显示：井田内可采煤层为山西组2号煤层和太原组10_上、10_下、11号煤层,10_上、10_下号煤层为较稳定大部可采煤层;2号煤层主要为1/3焦煤,各煤层宏观煤岩类型以半亮煤—半暗煤为主,属高-特高发热量煤,发热量整体上明显高于其他3层煤。各煤层均为中粘结-强粘结煤,焦渣特征差别不大,2号煤层浮煤回收率级别属良,其他煤层浮煤回收率级别均属低等。研究成果可为矿区煤炭资源综合利用提供参考。     

许疃井田4煤段沉积环境和聚煤规律的研究

许疃井田位于淮北煤田的最南部,面积约60km2。井田全由第四系覆盖,其下伏含煤地层为一走向南北向东倾斜的单斜构造。4煤段位于下二叠统下石盒子组上部,厚70m。对穿过4煤段126个钻孔岩芯的野外鉴定及室内分析,划分出2个大相,23个微相,并作出了4煤段中较稳定发育的三层煤(4₁、4₂、4₃)的成煤占地理图,以探讨沉积环境与煤层厚度的关系,从而查明了煤层缺失的原因。      

Metamorphism of mineral matter in coal from the Bukit Asam deposit, south Sumatra, Indonesia

The coal of the Miocene Bukit Asam deposit in south Sumatra is mostly sub-bituminous in rank, consistent with regional trends due to burial processes. However, effects associated with Plio–Pleistocene igneous intrusions have produced coal with vitrinite reflectance up to at least 4.17% (anthracite) in different parts of the deposit. The un-metamorphosed to slightly metamorphosed coals, with Rv_max values of 0.45–0.65%, contain a mineral assemblage made up almost entirely of well-ordered kaolinite and quartz. The more strongly heat-affected coals, with Rv_max values of more than 1.0%, are dominated by irregularly and regularly interstratified illite/smectite, poorly crystallized kaolinite and paragonite (Na mica), with chlorite in some of the anthracite materials. Kaolinite is abundant in the partings of the lower-rank coals, but is absent from the partings in the higher-rank areas, even at similar horizons in the same coal seam. Regularly interstratified illite/smectite, which is totally absent from the partings in the lower-rank coals, dominates the mineralogy in the partings associated with the higher-rank coal beds. A number of reactions involving the alteration of silicate minerals appear to have occurred in both the coal and the associated non-coal lithologies during the thermal metamorphism generated by the intrusions. The most prominent involve the disappearance of kaolinite, the appearance of irregularly interstratified illite/smectite, and the formation of regular I/S, paragonite and chlorite. Although regular I/S is identified in all of the non-coal partings associated with the higher-rank coals, illite/smectite with an ordered structure is only recognised in the coal samples collected from near the bases of the seams. The I/S in the coal samples adjacent to the floor of the highest rank seam also appears to have a greater proportion of illitic components. The availability of sodium and other non-mineral inorganic elements in the original coal to interact with the kaolinite, under different thermal and geochemical conditions, appears to be the significant factor in the formation of these new minerals, and distinguishes the mineralogical changes at Bukit Asam from those developed more generally with rank increases due to burial, and from the effects of intrusions into coals that were already at higher rank levels.     

地质构造对宿南矿区72煤层厚度变化的控制作用

宿南矿区为淮北煤田重要矿区,其中7₂煤层为矿区主要可采之一。地质勘探资料表明,该煤层的厚度变化较大,变化特征明显。在矿井地质调查及矿区地质构造研究的基础上,发现该煤层煤体结构破碎,煤层厚度变化与区内地质构造具有密切的联系。在煤厚区域分布特征方面呈现NW-SE向厚薄相间分布,其方向与研究区总体褶皱方向一致。局部厚度变化特征方面与断层走向及褶皱轴向关系密切。因此,排除该煤层原生沉积影响因素,断裂构造与褶皱构造以及褶皱作用伴生的层滑构造为区内煤层厚度变化的主要控制因素。      

沁水盆地南部潘庄区块废弃矿井煤层气地球化学特征及成因

为了研究废弃矿井中煤层气成因,以沁水盆地南部潘庄区块废弃矿井为例,抽采废弃矿井中煤层气并进行化学组分和同位素测试,并采集部分废弃矿井水样品测试水中离子浓度、pH值等进行研究。结果表明:潘庄区块废弃矿井中煤层气CH₄体积分数平均值为91.99%,CO₂为1.26%,N₂为6.73%;甲烷碳同位素（δ13C₁）值为-31.36‰~-33.53‰,平均-32.25‰,氢同位素（δD）值为-182.76‰~-193.20‰,平均-187.538‰。废弃矿井排采水中阴阳离子主要为Mg2+、K+、HCO₃-、Cl-、Na+、SO₄2-和NO₃-等,产出水型为Mg-（HCO₃）₂型,表明矿井水受到地表水的强烈影响。废弃矿井中煤层气主要以热成因气为主,少量次生生物气。与附近未开采煤储层相比,研究区废弃矿井中的环境更有利于次生生物气的生成。      

淮南深部山西组煤中稀土元素地球化学特征

为探究淮南深部山西组煤中稀土元素来源及地球化学特征,采集淮南煤田深部山西组煤煤样、夹矸、顶板和底板共20个样品,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测试样品中稀土元素含量及伴生元素含量,探讨了研究区深部山西组煤中稀土元素地球化学特征。研究结果表明:淮南深部山西组煤中稀土元素含量平均值为40.85 mg/kg,低于中国煤中稀土元素含量平均值;煤中稀土元素配分模式主要是H型配分模式;Eu元素明显负异常,表明煤中稀土元素沉积环境为还原环境;Ce元素呈微弱正异常,表明成煤沼泽环境中海水的影响并未造成Ce的严重亏损;相关性分析结果显示,山西组煤中稀土元素与灰分呈正相关(R2=0.55),与陆源碎屑元素Al、Cr和Th等呈显著正相关,且与海相特征元素(B、Sr和Ca)相关性不明显。     

Geological controls on the formation and distribution of gas in British coal measure strata

The methane, ethane, higher alkanes and nitrogen found in British coal seams are residual products of coalification occasionally complemented by petroleum-derived hydrocarbons. Carbon dioxide, a minor constituent of coal seam gas, may have been introduced during the phase of cleat mineralisation following uplift. Helium and argon are considered to be radiogenic in origin.Variations in seam methane content with depth, geographic location and rank can be interpreted in terms of the coalification and erosion history of a coalfield. However, the limitations inherent in an analysis in which coal rank is represented by a single parameter must be recognised.There are indications that the methane content of a seam is not likely to exceed the methane sorption capacity of the coal determined at a temperature commensurate with that obtaining at the maximum burial depth.Research in the East Midlands coalfield suggests that structurally controlled migration of coalification gas was contemporaneous with folding. During the Permo-Carboniferous erosion period gas was lost from outcropping seams. Subsequently, the bulk permeability of the seams must have been reduced, perhaps as a result of cleat mineralisation, because no re-distribution of methane appears to have occurred in response to later (Tertiary) deformation and gas contents of seams at incrop below the base of the Permo-Triassic have remained zero.Data on the effects of faulting on seam gas contents are few but the expectation is that faults, of appropriate age and orientation, whilst inhibiting in-seam migration may, in some instances have aided cross-measures movement of gas. Elevated seam ethane and propane contents are frequently encountered in seams disturbed by oil-bearing faults.     

含油气岩系中含铵矿物研究现状与前景

研究表明,在含油气岩系中,当有机质发生热演变而成熟、并逐渐向烃类转变的整个过程中,氮主要以NH+₄的形式释放出来而进入孔隙流体与周围介质 (成岩矿物 )相互作用,最重要的机制是NH+₄可取代粘土矿物 (如伊利石,I/S混层矿物等 )层间的K+而参与成岩作用,形成含铵矿物,这一过程中氮的地球化学性质发生了重要变化,含铵矿物中固定 -NH4的富集状况与有机质成熟度及烃类运移有关。通过研究成岩和油气生成、运移、聚集过程中氮的岩石地球化学行为及其控制因素,可将固定 -NH₄作为有机质成熟度和油气运移路径的一种新的、有意义的示踪剂。     

Enrichment of lithium in the claystone coal gangue from the Malan mine,Xishan Coalfield,Shanxi Province,Northern China

In China, the lack of Li resources is in stark contrast to a large amount of coal gangue produced by coal mining. To determine the distribution patterns and existing status of lithium (Li) elements in the coal gangue, the mineralogical and geochemical analysis were formed on samples of the roof, floor, and parting of No. 02, 2, 8, and 9 coal seams, being mined in Malan mine, Xishan coalfield, Shanxi Province. The results show that the lithium content in this study area is relatively enriched, the highest content is 499 μg/g in sample 02-G, and the average content is 109.8 μg/g, which is two times that of the world average value of claystone (45 μg/g). XRD analysis shows that the mineral composition of parting samples is mainly clay mineral kaolinite, while the coal seam roof and floor samples also include quartz and some iron-bearing minerals, such as pyrite and siderite. Likewise, possible lithium-rich mineral phases and possible lithium-rich factors were investigated in this paper. A comprehensive clay separation experiment and correlation analysis between lithium and major elements indicate that lithium is likely to exist in the clay mineral kaolinite in the study area. It is also found that the content of Li adsorbed by cryptocrystalline kaolinite is generally higher than that of crystalline kaolinite. According to the mechanism of Li⁺ adsorption in clay minerals, the higher lithium content of cryptocrystalline kaolinite is due to its larger specific surface area, which can adsorb more lithium on the surface.     

鄂尔多斯盆地北缘延安组2号煤层稀土元素异常原因及其地质意义

鄂尔多斯盆地北缘延安组2号煤层稀土元素的异常原因一直存在着争议,以2号煤发育较完整的榆林大海则煤矿为例,运用电感耦合等离子质谱（ICP-MS）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等方法,分析煤及夹矸中稀土元素（REE）含量及其矿物学特征,并揭示稀土元素异常原因。结果显示:煤中总稀土元素（∑REE）含量为3.71~46.21 μg/g,轻稀土元素（LREE,La-Eu）比重稀土元素（HREE,Gd-Lu）更富集;稀土元素标准化配分模式图显示少数样品为Eu正异常;稀土元素含量较高的样品和拥有Eu正异常的样品主要分布在与夹矸距离较近的煤层中,表明煤中稀土元素分布受到了夹矸的影响;在夹矸中发现很多晶型较好的锆石、磷灰石、透长石及锐钛矿,这些矿物是在聚煤过程中接受火山物质的直接证据。综合认为,鄂尔多斯盆地延安组2号煤沉积期,盆地周缘存在一次火山活动,火山灰降落覆盖在泥炭沼泽之上,影响了聚煤作用,致使煤中稀土元素分布异常。研究结果解释了鄂尔多斯盆地北缘的煤中稀土元素异常原因,为研究区煤的加工利用方式提供参考。      

淮北煤田祁东煤矿煤和瓦斯中稳定碳同位素分布特征及其地质成因

对淮北煤田祁东煤矿6个煤层的24个煤样和12个气样的稳定有机碳同位素分析,分别研究了煤和瓦斯中碳同位素的分布特征和变化趋势,为不同煤层及瓦斯源分析提供理论依据。研究表明:祁东煤矿煤的δ13C为-25.11‰~-22.76‰,6-1煤层至9煤层碳同位素均值呈波动变化,可能受当时成煤时期沉积环境的影响;瓦斯的δ13C₁为-63.65‰~-52.51‰,表现出次生生物成因气的变化特征,二氧化碳碳同位素特征（-22.61‰~-17.96‰）表明其均是煤热解而来。