中国的红土期

前人仅将华南的红土分为５期＾［１］,具各期的起迄年龄不详。根据全国众多的红土实例及年龄资料,提出我国６个红土发育期的划分方案,从南向北,红土期数减少,历时变短。各项红土尚可分出若干个亚期,有待今后深入研究。     

THERMAL CONVECTION IN THE INTERIOR OF THE EARTH

The paper deals with thermal convection in the shell of the earth, caused by various assumed zonal temperature perturbations. One temperature perturbation here treated is that due to the difference in the temperature distribution under a continental crust made up of 10 km. of granite on top of 20 km. of basaltic material and a sub-oceanic crust consisting of 25 km. of basalt. The kinematic viscosity v was assumed to be 3 × 1021, as estimated recently by N. A. Haskell from a study of the uplift of Fennoscandia after the ice load. It is found that when g, ν, p and a, the coefficient of volume expansion, are constant, the velocities and their gradients are proportional to the amplitude of the temperature perturbation and to (ag/ν), while the stresses are independent of the viscosity. The velocities are found to be of the order of I cm./year. The shearing stress exerted by the convective substratum on the crust is of the order of 10⁷ dyn./cm.², while the normal stresses are about 10 times larger. The crust is pushed upwards under the warmer (continental) regions and pulled downwards under colder (oceanic) regions. The maximum stress-difference occurs at the bottom of the crust over the centre of the oceans or continents. The surface inequalities are nearly compensated.     

ON TAKING MEANS OF DENSITY DISTRIBUTIONS IN THE EARTH

Summary. The error is investigated when the mean of two solutions of a non-linear second-order differential equation which gives the variation of density with depth in certain layers of the Earth is used as a solution.
A solution (Model M) of the equation for layer E is given, which has a density of 9.385 g/m³ at the top of layer E.
Identifying, at the top of layer E, the mean of two numerically estimated solutions with a similarly estimated solution, it is shown that the error is a maximum at the bottom of layer E, where it is of the order of 0.04 per cent.     

地球表层与天地生综合研究

本文联系地理学史从宇宙、地球、地球表层等概念的演化,讨论人类对地球表层的认识,介绍人类对地球表层作用后所形成的技术和社会圈,从人地关系协同论去说明智慧圈的意义,并讨论以地理相关法为基础的地域结构对应变换分析。以及天地生综合研究与宇宙全息论。本文以现代科学哲学、宇宙论、地球科学的新发展为基础,对地理学的研究对象—地球表层提供一个全新的认识,促进地理学中有关地球基本知识的更新。     

地球系统科学与数字地球

数字地球将为地球系统科学研究带来研究方法,研究手段和信息获取渠道的革命,因对地观测和数据资源共享技术的发展将使传统的野外地学作业逐步走向现代化,从而使地球系统科学的建立真正成为可能。     

哀牢山山地黄棕壤腐殖质的研究

云南哀牢山徐家坝自然保护区内,森林经不同程度的破坏后形成的各种次生植被下,土壤有机质含量均有所降低,但H/F值则随森林→灌丛→草地有较大幅度的增加。腐殖质聚合物分子结构中的芳构化度、分子量和芳香环的缩合度由木果石栎林、滇山杨林、毛蕨菜灌草丛到沼泽草地逐渐增大,而腐殖酸分子结构上所带的亲水基侧键则按上述顺序由多到少。     

中国地球系统科学研究与可持续发展战略探讨

我国著名地理学家、中国科学院地理研究所名誉所长黄秉维院士于１９９６年３月９日－３月１０日在北京香山发起并组织了一次讨论会，探讨中国陆地系统科学与区域可持续发展战略问题。参加会议的有国家基金委员会、中科院社会与发展协调局、中科院地理研究所、北京大学、北京师范大学、华东师范大学、中国科学院生态中心、政策研究所、云南地理所等单位专家学者数十人，本文是这次讨论会上的主要观点。     

中国南方第四纪红土的形成时代

通过对目前中国南方红土的不同测年方法和测年结果的详细对比和总结,得出南方第四纪红土不同层次的年代序列.上覆黄土沉积时间小于100kaBP;均质红土介于100～400kaBP;网纹红土400～80kaBP;下伏砾石层年龄大于800 ka BP.     

云南北部山原红壤成土年龄的初步研究

根据红壤成土过程中的元素迁移模型，本文初步求解了云南北部山原红壤成土过程中的硅迁移强度值（Px），并对不同海拔高程上的山原红壤发育年龄进行了计算。     

中国红土与自然地带变迁

我国第四纪冷期气候及自然地带变迁的研究较多,本文则专论暖期,根据棕红色土,红土,强风化红土网纹红土的时空分布,结合其它环境标志,论述亚热带北部,亚热带南部,热带这３个自然地带在上新世以来的４个暖期的配置,推断华北,长江中下游,华中,华南这４个区域的暖期气候变迁及其变幅。