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生长季植被覆盖变化对局地气象要素的可能影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
植被覆盖变化对地表气象要素存在反馈作用,但在不同时空尺度上反馈关系及其表现强度存在差异。作者利用地面观测资料和归一化植被指数(NDVI)分析了15天尺度上植被覆盖变化对气象要素的影响。结果表明,我国北方农牧交错带生长季植被覆盖变化可能对同期、后期地表气象要素存在一定影响。当植被指数偏高时,地表平均温度、最高温度、最低温度和小雨频次偏低,而平均相对湿度和最小相对湿度偏高,影响持续约为1~2周。地表温度和小雨频次的变化与地表热通量的变化有关,当植被指数偏高时,地表潜热所占比例偏高,而地表感热所占比例偏低,导致地表温度偏低;地表感热偏低伴随偏弱的上升运动,不利于降水,故小雨频次偏低。地表温度偏低引起饱和比湿偏低,加之植被蒸腾量较大引起比湿偏高,故相对湿度偏高。此外,从长期变化来看NDVI与地表温度和小雨频次的相关不明显,故地表温度和小雨频次的长期变化可能更多是受大尺度气候变化的影响。 相似文献
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基于MODIS的广东省植被指数序列构建与应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
植被指数是衡量植被长势的重要指标,植被指数序列有助于准确地认知植被覆盖、土地利用和土壤水分的时空变化规律,以及进行干旱和植被生长监测.利用2004-2006年的MODIS数据,选择RVI、NDVI和EVI三种植被指数,采用最大值合成法进行广东省植被指数序列构建.按照不同植被覆盖对三种植被指数的年际变化规律进行分析,并通过NDVI进行植被覆盖度计算以及植被覆盖等级分类来分析植被的空间分布.结果表明,建立的植被指数序列能真实地反映植被生长规律,植被覆盖度和广东地区的植被实际分布状况一致.说明建立植被指数序列是动态监测广东省植被长势的及植被环境的变化的有效方法. 相似文献
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为了更好地解释归一化植被指数(NDVI)和地表温度(ST)的各种存在关系及其相互转换过程,以及监测和评价陆表变化,尤其是根据描述地表植被覆盖和土壤水分含量的参数,解释NDVI达到饱和以后的情况,以便更有效地应用,该文从归一化植被指数和地表温度之间机理出发,分析了植被指数与地表温度之间关系的研究以及NDVI-ST特征空间的干旱监测模型应用情况。结果表明,在高植被覆盖度情况下NDVI-ST特征空间拟合随意性增大,影响干旱的监测精度;同时多种因素对下垫面温度及植被指数影响的不确定性也影响干旱及植被的监测精度。今后的研究当中要针对不同时相、不同分辨率数据,分析不同植被覆盖类型和水分状况条件下NDVI-ST空间的变化规律,进一步研究修正NDVI-ST空间特征及干湿边(冷热边)的变化特征及在干旱监测中的应用,特别是高植被覆盖度下的修正应用,使ST-NDVI特征空间方法在干旱监测中发挥更好的作用。 相似文献
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为了更好地解释归一化植被指数(NDVI)和地表温度(ST)的各种存在关系及其相互转换过程,以及监测和评价陆表变化,尤其是根据描述地表植被覆盖和土壤水分含量的参数,解释NDVI达到饱和以后的情况,以便更有效地应用,该文从归一化植被指数和地表温度之间机理出发,分析了植被指数与地表温度之间关系的研究以及NDVI-ST特征空间的干旱监测模型应用情况。结果表明,在高植被覆盖度情况下NDVI-ST特征空间拟合随意性增大,影响干旱的监测精度;同时多种因素对下垫面温度及植被指数影响的不确定性也影响干旱及植被的监测精度。今后的研究当中要针对不同时相、不同分辨率数据,分析不同植被覆盖类型和水分状况条件下NDVI-ST空间的变化规律,进一步研究修正NDVI-ST空间特征及干湿边(冷热边)的变化特征及在干旱监测中的应用,特别是高植被覆盖度下的修正应用,使ST-NDVI特征空间方法在干旱监测中发挥更好的作用。 相似文献
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基于中等分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)8 d 500 m分辨率地表反射率数据生成归一化植被指数(NDVI)时间序列,利用线性回归、转折点检测和Mann-Kendall趋势分析方法,分析2000—2013年新疆地区植被覆盖时空变化格局,并结合Landsat数据分析典型区域植被变化。研究结果表明:近14 a来,新疆地区植被覆盖整体呈波动型上升的趋势,植被改善区面积占全区的34.02%,恶劣区的占3.20%,其中2000—2003年植被明显增长、2003—2009年的波动下降及2009—2013年的逐渐回升,植被增长显著的区域主要分布在准噶尔盆地南部和塔里木盆地北部绿洲;大多数植被类型NDVI呈增长趋势,其中增长率最高的是作物、开放灌丛和混交林,6种主要植被类型常绿针叶林、混交林、开放灌丛、多树草原、草原、作物呈现出相似的NDVI变化趋势;在植被覆盖变化显著的4个典型区,NDVI变化受土地覆盖类型变化的影响,荒漠、草地被开垦成农田导致NDVI增加,城市建成区扩张导致NDVI降低。 相似文献
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内蒙古植被NDVI变化特征分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对植被状况和植被覆盖的研究可以反映植被受环境条件影响产生的时空变化。文章根据GIMMS-NDVI数据集1982—2006年影像数据,分析内蒙古农田、森林、草原三种植被类型NDVI年内、年际的变化趋势以及植被覆盖变化特征的空间差异。各植被类型变化曲线都呈现4—7月NDVI激增,8—10月NDVI猛降,冬季农田、草原植被覆盖接近裸土的特点。农田夏季NDVI平均值的历年线性变化趋势通过显著性检验,森林夏季NDVI平均值呈现下降的趋势,草原夏季NDVI平均值呈现上升的趋势,但都不显著。 相似文献
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陇东地区近5年植被变化与降水的关系 总被引:5,自引:8,他引:5
利用NOAA卫星AVHRR遥感资料,对甘肃省陇东地区1997—2001年地表植被指数的空间分布和年变化进行了分析,并对相应时段内的降水量与植被指数之间的关系,以及降水对该地区植被的影响进行了分析。结果表明,该5年陇东地区平均植被有减小趋势,但北部有所增加;降水量的多少对地表植被的月变化起重要作用,特别是对农作物区植被的影响;对于林区植被,降水的年际变化对地表植被的影响比较小,森林区植被指数最高;2000年及2001年的1~6月,尤其是2001年植被指数最低。 相似文献
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利用MODIS卫星资料反演中国地区晴空地表短波反照率及其特征分析 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
利用MODIS地表双向反照率产品(MOD43B1),结合地表海拔高度和地表覆盖类型资料,计算并分析了中国地区晴空反照率的时空分布,以及地表反照率与地形和地表覆盖的关系.首先,利用改则自动气象站的地基观测对MODIS地表反照率进行了对比验证.验证结果表明卫星观测可以较好地反映反照率随时间的变化,MODIS地表反照率与地表实测反照率符合较好.年平均地表反照率与海拔高度有很好的相关,反照率的高值出现在高海拔山区.冬春季节,我国高海拔山区因积雪覆盖成为反照率的高值区;夏秋季节,地表反照率主要受地表土壤湿度和植被盖度的影响,沙地和沙漠地带反照率最高.最后,计算了中国典型地表类型的反照率随时间的变化,结果表明大部分地表类型的反照率具有较大的时间变化,地表反照率在春秋季节较大,夏季反照率较小. 相似文献
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基于全球土地利用类型和覆盖度,利用生长季多年平均(1982~2015年)归一化植被指数(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI)和气候平均态(气温、降水量)数据,讨论了全球植被格局与气候因子之间的关系,建立了两者之间的多元回归模型,并分析了植被对气温和降水气候态敏感性的特征。植被与气候因子在气候梯度上存在明显的对应关系,回归模型可较好拟合气候态NDVI的全球分布格局,拟合与观测NDVI的相关系数达0.90。其中,常绿阔叶林、混交林、常绿针叶林、落叶阔叶林、农田和木本稀树草原空间分布的拟合能力较好(r>0.8)。不同土地覆盖类型的NDVI对气温、降水气候态的空间敏感性特征不同。整体而言,植被对气温和降水的敏感性呈现反相关关系(r=-0.6)。不同土地覆盖类型对气温表现出正/负敏感性,寒带灌木对气温的敏感性最强,而农作物、草原、裸地对气温负敏感性较大;植被对降水的敏感性均表现出正敏感性,其中落叶针叶林、草原和稀树草原对降水的空间敏感性较强。 相似文献
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Assessment of vegetation dynamics and their response to variations in precipitation and temperature in the Tibetan Plateau 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9
The Tibetan Plateau is a region sensitive to climate change, due to its high altitude and large terrain. This sensitivity can be measured through the response of vegetation patterns to climate variability in this region. Time series analysis of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) imagery and correlation analyses are effective tools to study land cover changes and their response to climatic variations. This is especially important for regions like the Tibetan Plateau, which has a complex ecosystem but lacks a lot of detailed in-situ observation data due to its remoteness, vastness and the severity of its climatic conditions. In this research a time series of 315 SPOT VEGETATION scenes, covering the period between 1998 and 2006, has been processed with the Harmonic ANalysis of Time Series (HANTS) algorithm in order to reveal the governing spatiotemporal pattern of variability. Results show that the spatial distribution of NDVI values is in agreement with the general climate pattern in the Tibetan Plateau. The seasonal variation is greatly influenced by the Asian monsoon. Interannual analysis shows that vegetation density (recorded here by the NDVI values) in the entire Tibetan Plateau has generally increased. Using a 1 km resolution land cover map from GLC2000, seven meteorological stations, presenting monthly data on near surface air temperature and precipitation, were selected for correlation analysis between NDVI and climate conditions in this research. A time lag response has also been found between NDVI and climate variables. Except in desert grassland (Shiquanhe station), the NDVI of all selected sites showed strong correlation with air temperature and precipitation, with variations in correlation according to the different land cover types at different locations. The strongest relationship was found in alpine and subalpine plain grass, the weakest in desert grassland. 相似文献
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Human-induced land use changes and the resulting alterations in vegetation features are major but poorly recognized drivers of regional climatic patterns.In order to investigate the impacts of anthropogenically-induced seasonal vegetation cover changes on regional climate in China,harmonic analysis is applied to 1982-2000 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer(AVVHRR)-derived normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) time series(ten day interval data).For two climatic divisions of South China,it is shown that the first harmonic term is in phase with air temperature,while the second and third harmonics are in phase with agricultural cultivation.The Penman-Monteith Equation and the Complementary Relationship Areal Evapotranspiration(CRAE) model suggest that monthly mean evapotranspiration is out of phase with temperature and precipitation in regions with signiffcant second or third harmonics.Finally,seasonal vegetation cover changes associated with agricultural cultivation are identiffed:for cropped areas,the temperature and precipitation time series have a single maximum value,while the monthly evapotranspiration time series has a bimodal distribution.It is hypothesized that multi-cropping causes the land surface albedo to sharply increase during harvesting,thereby altering the energy distribution ratio and contributing to observed seasonal vegetation cover changes. 相似文献
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Fluctuation of farming-pastoral ecotone in association with changing East Asia monsoon climate 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
As a monsoon climate dominated region, East Asia has a high rate of climate variation. Previous studies demonstrated that the East Asian monsoon had weakened since the end of 1970’s; however, contrary to the climatic trend, a common scenario of advancing farming-pastoral ecotone (FPE) has been proposed. The objective of this study is to analyze land surface changes in association with monsoon climate variability over past 25 years in East Asia. A combination of intensive ground survey of vegetation and land use, meteorological data, and remote sensing are used to quantify the relationship between vegetation and climate and to analyze the FPE fluctuations associated with changing climate. Field precipitation data from 1981 to 2005, are used to represent climate variations and to delineate the FPE boundary. NDVI data are used to evaluate greenness-precipitation linkages by vegetation type and to create land cover maps depicting spatial pattern fluctuations of the FPE. This study demonstrates that: (1) There was no persistent northwest shifting trend of either the FPE boundary or vegetation cover during last 25 years. (2) Time integrated NDVI (TI-NDVI) varies with precipitation, and the maximum or minimum NDVI may be only sensitive to precipitation for areas with mean annual precipitation lower than approximately 200 mm. (3) A significant relationship exists between NDVI and precipitation variations for areas with mean annual precipitation greater than approximately 300 mm, especially the ecotone with a ΔNDVI of 0.122?±?0.032. (4) The “advances” of FPE closely mimic fluctuations of precipitation in East Asia. 相似文献
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In this paper, the effects of land cover changes on the climate of the La Plata Basin in southern South America are investigated using the Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF) Model configured on a 30/10km two-way interactive nested grid. To assess the regional climate changes resulting from land surface changes, the standard land cover types are replaced by time-varying Ecosystem Functional Types (EFTs), which is a newly devised land-cover classification that characterizes the spatial and interannual variability of surface vegetation dynamics. These variations indicate that natural and anthropogenic activities have caused changes in the surface physical parameters of the basin, such as albedo and roughness length, that contributed to regional climate changes. EFTs are obtained from functional attributes of vegetation computed from properties of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to represent patches of the land surface with homogeneous energy and gas exchanges with the atmosphere. Four simulations are conducted, each experimental period ranging from September to November in two contrasting years, 1988 and 1998. The influence of an identical EFT change on the surface heat fluxes, 2-m temperature and humidity, 10-m winds, convective instabilities and large-scale moisture fluxes and precipitation are explored for 1988 (a dry year) and 1998 (a wet year). Results show that the surface and atmospheric climate has a larger response to the same EFT changes in a dry year for 2-m temperature and 10-m wind; the response is larger in a wet year for 2-m water vapor mixing ratio, convective available potential energy, vertically integrated moisture fluxes and surface precipitation. For EFTs with high productivity and a weak seasonal cycle, the nearsurface temperature during the spring of 1988 and 1998 increased by as much as 1℃ in the central and western portions of La Plata Basin. Additionally, for higher productivity EFTs, precipitation differences were generally positive in both dry and wet years, although the patterns are not uniform and exhibit certain patchiness with drier conditions. 相似文献
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El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is considered one of the most powerful forces driving anomalous global weather patterns. Large-scale seasonal precipitation and temperature changes influenced by ENSO have been examined in many areas of the world. The southeastern United States is one of the regions affected by ENSO events. In this study, remote sensing detection of vegetation response to ENSO phases is demonstrated with one-kilometer biweekly Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data (1989–1999) derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer(AVHRR). The impacts of three ENSO phases, cold, warm and neutral, on vegetation were analyzed with a focus on two vegetation cover types, two seasons and two geographic regions within the southeastern U.S. Significant ENSO effects on vegetation were found in cropland and forest vegetation cover types based on image and statistical analysis of the NDVI data. The results indicate that vegetation condition was optimal during the ENSO neutral phase for both agricultural and natural vegetation. 相似文献
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重庆岩溶地区气候变化对植被的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
岩溶生态系统是一种脆弱的生态系统,植被类型与盖度成为岩溶环境中最重要、最敏感的自然要素。介绍了以重庆岩溶地区为对象,利用气象和NDVI数据,采用相关分析等方法探讨了植被对气候变化的响应。结果表明:(1)在多年平均水平上,气候对重庆岩溶植被生态系统起着比降水大的作用;在植被生长的年际变化方面,气温和降水对植被生长起着大致相反的趋势。(2)年际变化方面,气温和降水对植被生态系统的生长起着大致相反的作用。一般来说,气温与NDVI之间的关系为正相关。(3)植被指数的动态变化受气候波动的影响较大,近20 a来,总体呈增加的趋势。可为岩溶生态系统恢复和重建提供科学依据。 相似文献