气象条件与 SARS发生的关系分析

根据 2 0 0 3年北京、香港SARS高发期间逐日确诊发病人数序列 ,运用数理统计和幂律关系方法 ,分析了不同地区SARS与气象条件之间的关系。结果表明 :京港两地SARS高发期的波动量与确诊前 7～ 1 0天的最高气温、最低气温、气温日较差、日照时数呈显著负相关 ,与相对湿度、云量呈正相关 ;气象条件与SARS发病人数呈显著的幂律关系 ,为自组织临界态理论在大气科学中的应用提供了观测证据。     

北京地区SARS与气象条件关系分析

根据北京地区2003年4月21日～5月20日逐日SARS发病人数序列，用正交多项式法拟合发病人数的趋势变化，将波动量(实际发病人数与趋势量之差)与前期气象因子进行相关分析，结果表明，该波动量与9～10天前的最高气温、气温日较差、相对湿度等因子显著相关，在此基础上，建立的回归估计模型能较好地拟合逐日发病人数的波动实况。     

盘锦市脑血管病气象敏感因子分析及其预报模型

应用盘锦市疾控中心2008年1月1日至2009年12月31日逐日脑血管病发病人数及同期逐日气象资料,采用相关分析、逐步回归等方法,分析了脑血管病与气象要素的关系,建立了逐日脑血管病发病趋势的气象预报模型。结果表明：各类气象要素与未来3 d脑血管病发病人数滑动平均具有较好的相关性;气象因子对脑血管病发病人数的影响存在着一种滞后效应和持续效应;脑血管病发病人数与当日最低气温、平均气温、最低气压、平均风速、湿度、最大气温日较差等气象要素相关显著;不同的季节影响脑血管病发病人数的敏感气象因子不同,且相关关系差异较大。逐日脑血管病发病趋势的气象预报模型预报检验效果较好。     

基于机器学习的两个代表城市上呼吸道感染与气象要素关系及其发病风险预测研究

选取华南地区深圳市、西南地区攀枝花市两个不同气候区的当地医院上呼吸道感染发病逐日就诊病例数据和同期气象数据，采用随机森林方法和RNN（Recurrent neural network）深度学习方法，通过对两地上呼吸道感染发病特征及其与气象条件关系进行细致研究，分别构建了两地上呼吸道感染发病风险预测模型。研究结果表明：(1)深圳市上呼吸道感染就诊人数峰值每年出现在6-8月期间，谷值出现在1-2月期间，呈现以热不舒适的效应为主；而攀枝花市上呼吸道感染就诊人数峰值则出现在每年11月到次年的1月期间，谷值出现在每年3-7月期间，呈现以冷不舒适效应为主。(2)逐日平均气温的变化对两地上呼吸道感染发病的影响最明显，当日平均气温高于25℃或者低于10℃时，两地上呼吸道感染发病风险明显上升。(3)日平均风速影响次之，它与日平均相对湿度和日平均气温一起，通过对气候舒适度产生影响，进而影响上人群上呼吸道感染发病情况。(4)在对上呼吸道感染与气象要素关联性分析及预测方法优选的基础上，基于RNN深度学习方法构建的两城市上呼吸道感染发病风险预测模型，可为当地相关疾病风险预测及防控提供重要科技支持。     

中国各地SARS与气象因子的关系

根据中国主要发病区北京、河北、香港、台湾及广东等地2003年3～5月间SARS主要发病时段逐日发病数与同期、前期气象条件进行了相关性比较，并揭示了2002年11月～2003年5月间的气候背景，研究表明：SARS的滋生和传播有一定的适宜温度范围(14～28℃)，过高过低均不利；在此范围内，发病数与气温(平均、最高、最低气温以及气温日较差)、降水量和相对湿度均为负相关，尤其是与最低温度相关性最好；前7天左右的气象条件比当天的气象条件影响更大；各地都经历了较长时间甚至严重干旱。总之，20℃左右的温度与长期少雨干旱环境的配合有利SRAS的发病和传播。     

福州市呼吸道疾病发生的气象条件分析及预报

通过对1995～2001年福州市5个医院呼吸道疾病37944例住院病例资料和同期气象资料的统计和分析，归纳出呼吸道疾病发病特点及其与气象条件的关系，并利用最优子集方法，分四个季节建立呼吸道疾病逐日发病人数(等级)预报方程。呼吸道疾病发病有明显的季节性变化，7月是呼吸道疾病的高发期，3月是下呼吸道疾病的另一高发期，冬季冷空气影响及转折性天气是呼吸道疾病增多的诱因，夏季高气温、低气压是呼吸道疾病增多的诱因。     

呼吸道和心脑血管疾病与气象条件的关系及其预报模型

对武汉市4家大医院1994－1998年呼吸道、心脑血管疾病的逐日发病人数与同期气象因子进行了相关分析。结果表明：呼吸道及心脑血管疾病的发病与气温、气压、湿度有着密切的关系，但同一个因子对不同疾病甚至同一类不同种病的作用不尽相同，即使同一个因子对同一种病在不同季节其影响也不完全相同。在相关分析的基础上，运用逐步回归方法建立了春夏秋冬8种疾病的逐日预报模型，并进行了合理的等级划分，经回代和预报检验，预报模式具有较好的预报能力。     

改进的武汉中暑气象模型及中暑指数等级标准研究

为了更好开展高温中暑气象预报服务和气候评价工作,以武汉市2003-2005年高温期间逐日中暑人数与当天、前期共33个气象因子为基础资料,通过相关普查寻找关键气象因子,通过逐步回归方法建立了改进的中暑气象模型,修订了1990年代研制的中暑指数5级划分标准,新提出了中暑天数的推算方法,并进行了回代检验和2006-2007年试报检验.结果表明:中暑人数与当日各项气温、气压、日照时数为正相关,与总云量、相对湿度为负相关,其中气温最为关键,考虑前期气温累积效应后相关系数有所提高;日最高气温≥36℃的累积高温为首选因子,比1990年代的临界指标上升1℃;建立了3套预报(评估)模型,并推荐使用以日最高气温≥36℃的累积高温、日平均气温为因子的模型;回代试验、试验报检验表明,改进的模型、等级划分标准科学适用.     

惠州市周围性面神经麻痹发病与气象条件的关系

根据惠州市第一人民医院、中心医院和第三医院2013—2016年逐日周围性面神经麻痹(BP)病例资料和惠州市气象站同期气象资料,采用相关分析研究了惠州市BP发病与气象条件的关系。结果表明:31～70岁是BP发病的高发期,男女发病总数没有显著性差异,但不同年龄段男女发病率有很大的差异。2013—2016年BP发病人数和发病日数呈增加的趋势,秋季受气压升高、气温日较差增大、风速增大等的影响,发病人数比其他季节显著增多。春季冷空气活动、夏季相对湿度增加、冬季海上暖湿气流影响也会诱发BP发病。     

辽宁省两县域城市气温对呼吸系统疾病住院人数的影响

为了探明气温与呼吸系统疾病住院人数的关系，合理实施辽宁省县域城市疾病预防预警，基于2016—2018年辽宁省北票市和西丰县两县域城市的逐日气象观测资料和呼吸系统疾病住院病例资料，分析当地呼吸系统疾病住院就诊人数的季节分布特征及其年龄分布特征。在此基础上，采用广义相加模型（Generalized Additive Model,GAM）和分布滞后非线性模型（the Distributed Lag Non-linear Model,DLNM）探究了气温对呼吸系统疾病住院人数的影响，并按性别、年龄分层建模，使用归因分值（Attributable Fraction,AF）量化了暴露在特定气温（极端低温、中度低温、中度高温、极端高温）范围内的患病风险。结果表明，两地呼吸系统疾病住院人数全年峰值出现在冬春季，患病人群以少儿和老年人群居多。北票市、西丰县人群的最适宜气温分别为26.2、22.2℃；气温对呼吸系统疾病患病的影响以低温滞后效应为主，高温存在即时效应但并不显著。北票市和西丰县分别有27.0%(95%置信区间为20.3%～32.9%)和29.0%(95%置信区间为22.1%～35.0%)的呼吸...     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.