我国重力场的精化及其派生量的精度估计

简述了局部地形改正、平均空间重力异常、高程异常、垂线偏差等重力场及其派生量的计算方法 ,并着重估计了它们的计算精度。结果表明 :我国 5′× 5′平均空间重力异常中误差小于± 5 .0× 10 - 5ms- 2 的占 4 0 .2 % ,总体精度为± 9× 10 - 5ms- 2 。 5个地区垂线偏差子午分量中误差平均值为± 1″ .2 8,卯酉分量中误差平均值为± 1″ .71。 3个地区高程异常中误差平均值为± 0 .173m。用EGM 96计算我国高程异常的中误差为± 0 .984m。     

地面重力时空变化向卫星高度的解析延拓

为研究卫星在不同高度对地面重力变化的检测能力,利用地面获得的重力场时间和空间变化,采用空间域向上解析延拓原理,将地面数据向上解析延拓到数百千米的不同高度。计算分析表明,如果地表存在93×10-8ms-2的重力变化量,在450km高度可观测到20×10-8ms-2的重力变化。所以利用卫星重力观测技术进行地震监测,其观测精度应优于20×10-8ms-2。     

CHAMP轨道及加速度计误差对恢复重力场的影响

介绍了惯性系和地固系下的能量守恒方程。基于能量守恒方法,研究了CHAMP卫星轨道和加速度计误差对卫星高度处的扰动位及由此恢复得到的地球重力场模型精度的影响。结果表明:能量守恒方法对速度精度要求较高,10-8ms-2的加速度计精度可满足1m2s-2的扰动位精度,而该扰动位精度对位置和速度的精度要求分别为10cm和0.13mms-1;利用一个月的CHAMP数据恢复50阶次的重力场模型,要获得优于2×10-5ms-2精度的5°×5°平均重力异常,对位置、速度和加速度计的精度要求分别为:5cm、0.1mms-1和10-8ms-2。     

香山绝对点的重力非潮汐变化

198 8年 3月～ 2 0 0 1年 3月中国地震局和中国计量科学院合作用NIM Ⅱ仪器在香山地震台进行了 5 8次绝对重力测量 ,其中 4 4次同时量测了地下水水位。本文从多角度研究了香山点重力变化的机理。主要结论 :(1)地下水活动是重力变化的主要局部干扰源 ,它与重力观测值分段相关 ,可用一个 5次多项式进行改正 ;(2 )局部地壳形变的影响甚小 ,可略而不计 ;(3)地震活动导致重力值发生短期变化 ,最大幅度达 0 .333μms- 2 ;(4) 1989～ 2 0 0 1年重力值近于线性地下降了 0 .191μms- 2 ,平均速率为 - 0 .0 147μms- 2 /a ,属全球性或区域性重力变化     

三峡工程蓄水前后的精密重力测量

介绍了三峡工程蓄水前后的精密重力测量和取得的初步研究成果。观测资料表明 :库坝附近水荷载的直接重力效应明显 ,最大重力变化约 2 0 0× 10 -8ms-2 ,地下水渗透和地形变引起的间接重力效应 ,其影响范围离库岸约 5km ;库首区的最大重力变化区域在香溪附近 ,蓄水后的重力场变化需要继续监视和深入研究     

用卫星测高和船测重力资料联合反演海洋重力异常

基于多颗卫星最新测高资料联合解算的全球平均海平面和中国近海船测重力异常数据,采用3种方法 (Stokes公式逆运算法、垂线偏差法、最小二乘配置法)分别计算了中国近海及其邻域(0°～40°N,105°～145°E)2′× 2′重力异常,重点对3种方法的优缺点及其计算结果进行了比较和分析。结果表明,在海底地形起伏较为强烈的南 海盆地,与船测重力异常比较,最小二乘配置法(LSC)计算精度较高,达到11.2×10-5ms-2。     

洱海水位变化对下关基准点绝对重力观测的影响

分析了20世纪90年代以来在下关基准点上进行的绝对重力重复测量数据及洱海的水文资料。结果显示:2001年12月观测值偏大的主要原因是洱海季节性水位变化,其影响可达10.3×10-8ms-2。     

LaCoste&Romberg航空重力仪的格值标定

LaCoste&Romberg航空重力仪是我国航空重力测量系统的核心.根据航空重力测鼍的特点,讨论了航空重力仪格值的标定方法,导出了格值计算公式.基于实际标定数据,计算获得了新格值.利用大同航空重力测量实测数据对新格值的有效性进行了验证.结果表明,利用新格值可以使空中重力扰动与参考值之间的系统误差减小约1×10-5ms-2.     

胶南造山带及邻近地区的重磁场特征及地质解释

胶南造山带的重磁场特征为一条醒目的重力低、磁力高值带，走向北东－南西，陆上部分长约450km，宽40～70km。其重磁场值一般为0×10－5m／S2～20×10－5m／S2、0～300nT，反映胶南造山带的轮廓及带内低密度的早元古代晋宁期花岗岩基和中强磁性的中生代燕山晚期岩浆岩的分布。根据重力场降低、磁异常升高程度和规模大小（宽窄），该重磁场带又可分为日照－青岛、乳山－威海、即墨－海阳三段，前者重力低、磁力高的程度较强，范围较大。造山带内重磁异常值具负相关关系，域值呈正相关性，即重力值越低的地区磁异常值越高，二者的范围大体相当。这一特征反映了造山带内部早元古代晋宁期花岗片麻岩的发育程度和中生代岩浆岩侵入的规模。胶南造山带的重力低、磁力高值带与连云港－苏山岛重力高、磁力低值带恰成对照。后者重磁场值一般为10×10－5m／S2～30×10-5m／S2、一50～-100nT，反映连云港－苏山岛块体的结晶基底由高密度、低磁性的原东海群、荆山群包体和无古宙侵入岩组成。该造山带南东侧西低东高的重力梯度带（Vzz＝1．2×10－5m·S－2／km～1．75×10－5m·S－2／km）反映了赣榆一荣成断裂（倾向NW）的存在；北西侧正磁异常带表明该断裂为控岩断裂，其南段的正负重力梯度带（Vzz＝1．0×10-5m·S-     

1999年8月11日日全食期间的重力吸引效应研究

对1999年8月11日日全食阴影扫过欧洲期间,设在Annelles,Uccle,Walferdange和Bondy弹簧和超导重力仪的记录进行了分析.为了确定月亮对太阳万有引力可能的遮挡效应的极限,对超导和弹簧重力仪记录进行了比较.同时也对LCR和阿斯卡尼亚重力仪观测结果进行了讨论.结论是如果日食重力吸引效应存在,它应在超导重力仪±1 nm/s2(0.1×10-8ms-2)的观测精度范围之内.研究发现在以上情形下,弹簧和超导重力仪都在它们的精度范围内工作,并且日食引起的异常环境干扰可能使重力信号有重大的改变.     

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Phylogenetic analysis of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprchensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose is to publish achievements in fundamental research,applied     

Advances in Polar Science CONTENTS(Volume 25,2014)

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Guide to Authors： Journal of Mountain Science

<正>AIMS AND SCOPE(Editorial Policy)The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)is devoted to mountains and their surrounding lowlands-ecoregions of particular global importance,with a particular emphasis on the important highlands/mountains in the world,such as the Tibetan Plateau,the Himalayas,the Alps,the Andes,the Rockies and many other mountain ranges of our planet.     

Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)

<正>The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS),founded in2004,is an international English-language journal on mountain sciences.JMS is supervised by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),sponsored by the Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS,published by Science Press China,and distributed by Springer exclusively throughout the world(excluding Mainland China).The JMS is published bimonthly,fulltexted in SpringerLink and CNKI,indexed/abstracted by     

Relationship of Arctic sea ice and Northern Hemispheric 500 hPa Polar vortices

Using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis monthly 500 hPa height data on a 2.5 latitude-longitude grid and 1°×1° sea ice data,the polar vortex area,intensity index and arctic sea ice area index are calculated respectively,and the meridional distribution,period variation and the abrupts in the long range trend are analyzed to study their relationship.The results show that the meridional distribution of sea ice and polar vortex h-ave distinctive difference,the relative positions of them are different in the eastern and western hemispheres,and exept they have periods of 4 months,quasi half year,quasi year,4-5 years and 10 years commonly,and each of them has its own respective variation as well.The sea ice area is decreasing apparently since 1980's,so is the polar vortex area,but their abrupt changge time are different totally.The area of sea ice and polar vortex has prominent positive correlation,but the relationship of sea ice intensity,polar vortex intensity,polar vortex area is complicated.     

Preliminary study on plasma membrane fluidity of Psychrophilic Yeast Rhodotorula sp.NJ298 in low temperature

The ability of cell to modulate the fluidity of plasma membrane was crucial to the survival of microorganism at low temperature. Plasma membrane proteins, fatty acids and carotenoids profiles of Antarctic psychrophilc yeast Rhodotorula sp. NJ298 were investigated at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. The results showed that plasma membrane protein content was greater at -3 ℃ than that at 8 ℃, and a unique membrane polypeptide composition with an apparent molecular mass of 94.7 kDa was newly synthesized with SDS-PAGE analysis; GC analysis showed that the main changes of fatty acids were the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (C18∶ 1 and C18∶ 2) and shorter chain saturated fatty acid (C10∶ 0) increased along with the decrease of the culture temperature from 8 ℃ to -3 ℃; HPLC analysis indicated that astaxanthin was the major functional carotenoids of the plasma membrane, percentage of which increased from 54.6±1.5% at 8 ℃ to 81.9±2.1% at -3 ℃. However the fluidity of plasma membrane which was determined by measuring fluorescence anisotropy was similar at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. Hence these changes in plasma membrane's characteristics were involved in the cellular cold-adaptation by which NJ298 could maintain normal plasma membrane fluidity at near-freezing temperature.     

Author Index for Journal of Mountain Science Volume 11,2014,pp 1-1656

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