北斗/GPS实时精密卫星钟差融合解算模型及精度分析

实时GNSS精密单点定位(PPP)技术必须使用实时的高精度卫星精密轨道和钟差。本文研究了精密卫星钟差融合解算模型及策略,并利用滤波算法实现了北斗/GPS实时精密卫星钟差融合估计算法。仿真实时试验结果显示:获得的北斗/GPS实时钟差与GFZ事后多GNSS精密钟差(GBM)的标准差在0.15 ns左右;使用该钟差进行GPS动态PPP试验,收敛后水平精度优于5 cm,高程精度优于10 cm;使用仿真实时钟差进行的北斗动态PPP与使用GFZ事后多GNSS精密钟差开展的试验相比精度相当,可实现分米级定位。     

北斗双频／三频静态精密单点定位性能比较与分析

针对目前仅北斗全星座提供三频观测数据,而不同线性组合模型影响精密单点定位(PPP)精度和收敛速度的问题,本文着重推导了北斗三频无电离层最优组合精密单点定位数学模型,以此为基础,采用大量实测数据进行北斗双频、三频静态PPP实验。结果表明,相比于北斗双频静态PPP,北斗三频静态PPP在收敛速度和定位精度上有所提高,绝对定位精度可达2～3 cm,与GPS双频精密单点定位水平相当。      

单频北斗手持终端PPP定位与精度分析

传统的无电离层组合精密单点定位技术(PPP)只适用于双频观测值,无法充分利用多频观测值的观测信息,限制了PPP技术的发展。对于GPS、GLONASS的PPP静态、动态事后解算研究已比较成熟,但实时北斗PPP还处于研究阶段。鉴于此,对单频北斗实时PPP进行了研究;基于BDS系统,建立了单频北斗PPP模型;利用定制手机进行了测试实验,以验证模型的正确性,并分析了单频北斗手持终端实时PPP的定位精度。     

北斗单频PPP车道级试验结果分析

精密单点定位技术(Precise Point Positioning,PPP)被广泛应用于高精度导航与位置服务、大地测量、低轨卫星精密定轨、航空摄影测量、GPS地震学等领域.随着我国北斗系统(BDS)的完全部署,其为GNSS系统发展带来了新的机遇和挑战.对GPS、GLONASS的PPP静态、动态事后解算研究已经比较成熟,但实时北斗PPP还处于研究发展阶段,实时北斗PPP的应用场景还不多,针对这一问题,本文旨在对单频北斗实时PPP进行研究.基于BDS系统,本文建立了单频北斗PPP模型,并基于车载动态测试实验,验证本文提出模型的正确性,并得出北斗单频PPP可以实现车道级定位,为北斗的实时应用推广做出一定的探索.     

基于区域CORS的实时精密卫星钟差估计研究

区域连续运行参考站网(CORS)的广泛建立,为实时精密单点定位(PPP)提供了良好的平台保证。根据区域参考站网络的特点,本文提出了基于星间单差与历元间差分相结合的卫星钟差估计组合模型,确定了基于组合模型的实时卫星钟差估计策略,结合卡尔曼滤波参数估计方法,实现了区域1s采样间隔的精密卫星钟差数据的生成。通过重庆CORS的数据验证,表明该模型实时绝对卫星钟差和相对卫星钟差的精度均优于0.2ns,与国际IGS各分析中心估计的卫星钟差精度相当,满足了卫星钟差实时性的要求。该计算方法不仅可以用于CORS网本区域而且还可以用于距离CORS区域达数百公里以外的地区进行实时定位,这对于实时精密单点定位技术的实现具有重要意义。     

BDS不同轨道卫星精密单点定位性能分析

为了分析北斗不同轨道卫星对定位结果的影响,从而更好地利用我国自主研发的北斗卫星导航系统。该文采用亚太地区7个MGEX测站12d观测数据,进行静态、后处理动态和模拟实时动态3种模式的精密单点定位实验。实验结果表明,在北斗3类轨道卫星等权的情况下,倾斜地球同步轨道(IGSO)卫星对定位结果贡献最大;北斗两类轨道卫星组合中,IGSO+MEO组合定位精度最高,其静态精密单点定位(PPP)在E、N、U方向的RMS分别为0.62、0.39、3.71cm,后处理动态和模拟实时动态PPP的RMS为分米级;北斗各类轨道卫星与GPS组合定位中,GPS+IGSO+MEO组合定位结果收敛速度最快,收敛时间为26.30min。     

基于重庆CORS的水汽电离层实时监测方法研究及平台构建

研究了基于精密单点定位(PPP)的大气可降水量(PWV)反演方法及基于像素基的三维电离层层析方法,结合重庆CORS及IGS实时服务产品(RTS)构建了区域水汽电离层监测平台,平台可实时提供高时空分辨率的水汽二维、电离层二维及三维产品,并实现了WEB在线发布.平台拓展了重庆CORS服务领域,对于监测短时突发的天气现象、研究电离层精细形态变化具有重要意义.      

BDS精密单点定位在桥梁变形监测中的应用

桥梁变形监测是进行桥梁健康评估和后期修缮的重要内容．本文基于北斗卫星导航系统（BDS）精密单点定位技术,对实时采集的高频率BDS／GPS数据进行精密单点定位(PPP)静态和动态处理,并以相对静态定位结果作为参考,分析在桥梁复杂环境下BDS的PPP的精度,并把北斗动态PPP结果与GPS做对比．研究结果表明,在1 h连续变形监测时间左右,北斗静态PPP精度和BDS动态PPP定位精度可以达到厘米级,可以监测出大型车辆经过桥梁时的变形情况,并与GPS监测变形趋势基本一致．      

四川省BDS PPP可行性及精度分析

随着北斗系统(BDS)为亚太地区提供服务,我国北斗系统双频精密单点定位(PPP)的可行性与定位精度有待研究,为此本文首先探究了BDS双频无电离层组合PPP算法及卡尔曼滤波参数估计策略,并在此基础上开发相应数据处理软件,对四川连续运行参考站的BDS观测数据进行处理分析,结果表明BDS可以在四川省实现PPP,其平面精度5cm以内,高程精度10cm以内,定位精度目前不及GPS PPP。     

不同时长的北斗精密单点定位精度分析

针对北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)在南海区域的服务性能问题,该文基于无电离层组合实现了BDS精密单点定位算法。基于在我国西沙采集的BDS观测数据,利用我国iGMAS的北斗轨道和钟差产品,分3个不同时长(0.5、2、24h)对我国北斗卫星导航系统在中国南海区域的定位精度进行了分析。从实验结果可知,利用北斗卫星导航系统已可实现我国南海区域的高精度定位。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。