青藏高寒地区沥青混合料的水稳定性与高温性能研究

青藏高寒地区年平均气温低, 温差大, 冻融循环频繁, 沥青路面性能要求不同于一般地区. 通过浸水马歇尔试验、冻融劈裂试验及车辙试验, 分析了沥青种类、级配类型、公称最大粒径类型对青藏高寒地区沥青混合料水稳定性及高温性能的影响. 结果表明:SBS110#改性沥青的混合料的残留稳定度最大, SBS70#改性沥青最小, 随着针入度等级的提高, 沥青混合料的冻融劈裂强度比减小; SBS改性沥青混合料的高温性能最好, 复合改性次之, SBR改性最差; AC-13沥青混合料级配范围中值的冻融劈裂强度比与动稳定度最大; AC-13沥青混合料的水稳定性及高温性能优于AC-20与AC-25. 在青藏高寒地区选用针入度等级不高且具有骨架密实结构的SBS改性沥青混合料或SBS/SBR复合改性沥青混合料, 将沥青混合料冻融劈裂强度比的要求提高为85%, 有利于提高沥青混合料的水稳定性和高温性能.     

高原寒冷地区温拌沥青混合料水稳性能分析

为探讨高原寒冷地区温拌沥青混合料的水稳定性及性能衰变规律,采用多次冻融循环室内试验模拟混合料所处环境温差大、冻融频繁、气温低等特性,选取Aspha-min、Sasobit、Evotherm等不同类型温拌剂拌制混合料,通过冻融劈裂试验、冻融飞散试验等,分析热拌与温拌沥青混合料的水稳性能及其衰变趋势,定量说明频繁的冻融循环对其性能的影响。结果表明：气候因素长期作用下,热拌沥青混合料的水稳性能优于温拌沥青混合料;随着冻融循环次数的增加,混合料的水稳性能均逐渐下降,15~18次冻融循环后,水稳性能趋于稳定,建议在高寒地区选取15次冻融循环作用次数作为沥青混合料水稳性能评价的试验条件;在选取的3种温拌沥青混合料中,Aspha-min温拌沥青混合料的水稳性能最差。     

水泥–粉煤灰–煤渣–吹填粉细砂混合料强度试验

针对大型堆填场基层结构工程,本着就地取材节约成本的原则,利用吹填砂作为骨料,添加粉煤灰、煤渣和水泥,采用正交试验方法,编制正交设计表,配制不同比例的混合料进行无侧限抗压强度试验。采用方差对不同龄期的混合料抗压强度进行分析,并对混合料加固机理进行研究,给出了混合料最佳质量配比,即水泥20%,粉煤灰15%,煤渣10%,此时混合料的强度最大;其水泥掺量对混合料强度起着关键作用,随着龄期的增长粉煤灰与煤渣对混合料强度影响程度逐渐增强,不过煤渣对混合料初期强度影响不及粉煤灰。      

生态酯类材料砂土改良及工程护坡应用

为提高砂土边坡的稳定性并实现生态护坡,采用生态酯类材料——纳米水性黏合剂对砂土进行改良,通过凝胶渗透色谱法和热重法分别对纳米水性黏合剂的相对分子质量及分布、热稳定性等进行了测试与分析;通过设计并开展不同纳米水性黏合剂掺入量条件下砂土的无侧限抗压强度试验和直接剪切试验,研究了砂土的强度改良效果与规律;通过崩解试验和边坡冲刷模型试验,研究了砂土的遇水稳定性和坡面抗冲刷能力的改良效果与规律,并进一步分析了砂土改良及生态护坡机制。结果表明,纳米水性黏合剂能提高砂土的强度、水稳定性及坡面抗冲刷能力。随黏合剂掺入量的增加,砂土的无侧限抗压强度和黏聚力增大,黏聚力的增加幅度可达46%～77%,而内摩擦角变化较小;砂土的崩解系数和峰值崩解速率减小,最大崩解速率出现的时间越发滞后;坡面冲刷率降低约68%～86%。边坡防护工程实际应用效果表明,纳米水性黏合剂的固土效果好,作用时间长,促进植被生长,实现了边坡的长效生态防护。     

水泥基渗透结晶型防水材料对硫铝酸盐水泥固化土性能影响及机制分析

水泥土固化过程中Ca2+浓度会随水化反应的进行而逐步降低,导致水泥颗粒未完全水化,固化土强度增长受限,而水泥基渗透结晶型防水材料（CCCW）中活性物质能催化未水化水泥颗粒反应。选择硫铝酸盐水泥（SAC）为胶凝材料、CCCW为添加剂,通过单掺与复掺的方式,结合X射线衍射（XRD）、电镜扫描（SEM）表征,分析了固化土的无侧限抗压强度、水稳定性、耐干湿循环性能及微观结构。结果表明,复掺16%混合料（4%CCCW+12%SAC）的固化土强度是同掺量下单掺SAC固化土强度的1.5倍,且比单掺20%SAC的固化土强度高1.41 MPa;复掺16%混合料（4%CCCW+12%SAC）的固化土泡水2～8 d软化系数平均达0.97,而同掺量下SAC固化土平均仅为0.73;单掺的固化土强度随干湿循环次数增加逐级降低,而复掺混合料的固化土强度呈波浪式发展;CCCW中活性物质能增加固化土中钙矾石生成量并修复微裂缝,钙矾石长径比显著增大,可直接连接两个甚至多个土颗粒,形成三维网状结构,显著提高结晶体的微观加筋、骨架及填充作用,改善SAC固化土强度、水稳定性及耐干湿循环性能。     

天然浮石粉水泥土力学性质的试验研究

利用内蒙古丰富的天然浮石矿产资源,将天然浮石粉作为外掺剂应用于水泥土改性研究,可有效地改善水泥土的力学性质,明显增强水泥土的耐久性。通过室内试验, 以水泥掺量15%为基准,分别掺入2%、4%、6%、8%、10%等不同掺量的天然浮石粉,养护龄期分别为7 d、28 d、60 d、90 d。试验结果表明：天然浮石粉水泥土无侧限抗压强度随着天然浮石粉掺量的增加而增大。当掺量达到8%时,强度达到了峰值,之后随浮石粉掺量的增加,强度不再增长;天然浮石粉水泥土强度随着龄期的增长而增大,90 d强度是28 d强度的1.52~1.6倍,后期强度增长很大;在不利的冻融循环条件下,天然浮石粉水泥土强度增长规律与冻前基本相同,水泥土强度虽然劣化,但比不掺浮石粉的情况均有很大程度的改善;浮石粉水泥土的渗透系数（对数）随着养护龄期的增长而减小,抗渗能力逐渐增强,特别是在最初的28 d以内,其渗透系数降低较快。     

钾盐和磷酸盐对固化土早期强度的影响研究

利用土壤板结原理,通过对硫铝酸盐水泥固化土无侧限抗压强度试验和水稳定性试验,探讨钾盐、磷酸盐对其早期强度的影响规律;通过X射线衍射（XRD）对固化土的物相成分进行了分析,探讨钾盐、磷酸盐影响固化土强度的变化内在机制。试验结果表明,钾盐、磷酸盐对固化土强度提高的阈值为0.6%,当盐掺入量低于该阈值时,固化土强度会随着盐掺量的增加而提高,当盐掺入量超过该阈值时,固化土强度会逐渐降低。盐掺入量不超过2%时,掺盐固化土水稳定性与未掺盐固化土差不多,7 d固化土软化系数基本保持在70%以上,但掺入K2SO4的固化土水稳定性较差,软化系数在60%左右。生成高强难溶具有膨胀性的矿物晶体是掺盐固化土早期强度提高的主要原因,但盐掺入量过高,固化土中矿物晶体过多膨胀作用,破坏固化土结构,而使固化土早期强度降低。     

环氧树脂/金云母纳米复合材料的制备与表征

以环氧树脂为基体,二甲基苄胺为固化剂,经结构修饰和有机改性的金云母为增强相,制备了环氧树脂/金云母纳米复合材料,测试了环氧树脂/金云母纳米复合材料的结构、形貌、力学和电学性能。研究了金云母添加量、混合时间以及固化剂添加方式等因素对金云母在环氧树脂中剥离程度的影响。力学性能测试表明,当金云母含量为1%时复合材料的性能最好,与纯树脂相比,拉伸强度提高了32.33%,弯曲强度提高了53.77%,冲击强度提高了127%。电学性能测试表明,当金云母含量为1%时,复合材料体积电导率和表面电导率分别比纯树脂提高了2个和4个数量级。     

饱水度对砂岩模量及强度影响的三轴试验

为研究饱水度和围压对砂岩力学特性的影响,在不同围压和饱水度下开展三轴试验,获得了不同饱水度和围压下巴里坤砂岩的模量、峰值强度和残余强度,分析了饱水度和围压对砂岩模量、峰值强度和残余强度的影响规律,结果表明：（1）围压增加,砂岩的模量也增加,围压与模量之间近似为直线关系;饱水度增加,砂岩模量降低,单轴下饱和砂岩的模量降低50.9%;饱水度与砂岩模量之间近似服从直线或负指数函数关系。（2）饱水度增加,峰值强度下降;单轴条件下饱和砂岩的峰值强度下降了44.2%;饱水度与砂岩峰值强度之间近似服从自然对数关系。（3）强度退化指数可以较好地描述围压对残余强度的影响,巴里坤砂岩的强度退化指数与围压之间近似符合负指数关系;随着饱水度增加,砂岩的残余强度降低。（4）随着围压增加,饱水度对砂岩模量、峰值强度和残余强度的影响都减弱。（5）饱水度在60%以下时,饱水度变化对模量和峰值强度的影响显著,当饱水度超过60%后,模量和峰值强度仍随着饱水度增加而降低,但变化速率趋缓;对于残余强度,则饱水度在80%以下时影响显著。     

土石混合料剪切特性影响因素的离散元数值研究

土石混合料剪切特性控制着高填方边坡的稳定性。土石混合料特殊的结构、物质及粒径组成等极其复杂,为探究土石混合料剪切特性影响因素及其规律,在室内试验基础上,基于PFC2D构建了颗粒离散元数值模型,分析了颗粒级配、初始孔隙率、块石尺寸及块石形状等因素对土石混合料剪切特性的影响。结果表明:土石混合料的剪应力-剪切位移曲线主要包括4个阶段:弹性变形、局部剪切、剪切破坏以及残余变形;块石形状、颗粒级配及初始孔隙率对土石混合料的破坏模式无明显影响,破坏模式均为应变软化型;当土石混合料的颗粒级配较差时,剪应力随剪切位移的增加出现较大波动,曲线出现明显"跳跃"现象;当含石量一定时,相同法向应力条件下,块石尺寸越大,土石混合料的抗剪强度越大,且随着法向应力的增大,不同块石尺寸的试验组之间抗剪强度差值也越大,块石尺寸对土石混合料抗剪强度的影响越明显。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861