水泥窑灰改性黄土的湿陷性和强度特性研究

对水泥窑灰改性黄土进行压缩、湿陷和无侧限抗压强度试验,研究水泥窑灰对黄土压缩性、湿陷性和强度特性的影响。同时进行压汞试验和扫描电镜试验,分析改性前后黄土的孔隙分布特征、颗粒接触形态和结构的变化,探索微观特征与宏观性质之间的关系。结果表明,向黄土中添加水泥窑灰能够显著降低其压缩性和湿陷性,使黄土由中压缩性降低为低压缩性,由中等湿陷降低到轻微湿陷乃至湿陷性消失,同时抗剪强度得到显著提高。微观试验结果表明,水泥窑灰改性后的团聚体间的孔隙消失,转化成为团聚体内的孔隙,且总孔隙比降低,土体更加密实;颗粒间连接作用增强,土体结构更加稳定。     

粤西某复杂环境水泥厂整体爆破拆除技术

粤西某水泥厂拟对该厂两条生产线进行整体爆破拆除。由于环境复杂，爆破规模大，施工难度很大，特别是双排水泥窑的高宽比小，采取常规底部立柱爆破切口难以使水泥窑顺利倾倒。通过选取合理的爆破参数，并以充分的预拆除配合，采取合理的爆破网路，安全、快速地完成了该水泥厂整体爆破拆除。同时，采取了一系列爆破危害综合控制措施，确保了爆破安全和环保作业。     

三灰桩地基处理方法在工程中的应用

通过对某地基处理实例分析，说明在二灰桩的桩体中加入适量水泥，形成三灰桩，较二灰桩强度有较大提高，可形成较高强度的复合地基。     

纸浆渣烧结灰(PS灰)和水泥固化污泥水力试验研究

为研究纸浆渣烧结灰（PS灰）和水泥固化污泥的效果,本文采用多因素分析法,通过掺入PS灰和水泥,针对影响固化土力学性能和渗透性的影响因素,进行渗透试验以及静水淋溶试验,分析固化体的水力特性随影响因素的变化规律。结果表明:固化污泥的无侧限抗压强度与PS灰和水泥含量呈"阶梯形"分布,PS灰可有效降低水泥固化污泥的渗透系数,当水泥含量为20%,PS灰含量为17.5%时,拟合曲面上固化污泥的渗透系数达到了最小值,为0.48×10-5cm·s-1。当PS灰含量一定时,水泥含量增加,金属离子的含量呈下降趋势;水泥含量在8%~12%时,PS灰含量的增加对于固化Cd离子和Cu离子效果显著;其他金属离子的最大固化效果则存在于水泥含量大于12%时,且随着PS灰含量的增加而降低。     

义煤集团西部四矿奥灰水防治技术研究

2006年曹窑东井27080工作面突然发生大型奥灰滞后突水,最大涌水量达到1693m^3／h,通过矿井水文地质条件分析,曹窑东井及相邻西部四矿大部分区域已处于“突水危险区”。为避免奥灰突水灾害再次发生,提出了“以防为主”的预防奥灰突水的技术手段和方法步骤,以探索深部煤炭开采的防治水工作。     

新疆阿尔泰钾长石中钾的活化试验研究

新疆阿尔泰钾长石中钾的活化试验研究＊王元龙戚华文（中国科学院地球化学研究所，贵阳５５０００２）关键词钾长石钾活化试验新疆阿尔泰钾长石是一种富钾的硅酸盐矿物资源，是制作陶瓷、玻璃的主要配料及烧制水泥和制取钾肥矿物的原料［１］。新疆阿尔泰地区有丰富的钾长...     

水泥深层搅拌桩在软基加固处理中的设计与施工

通过具体工程实例，介绍了水泥深层搅拌桩在软基处理设计中如何有效地选用设计参数和利用岩土勘察资料进行设计；阐述了施工中主要施工工艺流程以及有效控制水泥深层搅拌桩成桩质量的措施。     

大水灰比水泥浆-水玻璃速效灌浆堵漏

大水灰比水泥浆-水玻璃速效灌浆堵漏法，是我队通过帷幕灌浆之后，结合钻探施工中钻孔堵漏特点，将岩石基础灌浆法引用于岩心钻探钻孔护壁堵漏。通过某金矿区试验，效果很好。其优点是时间短，见效快，成功率高，材料消耗少。有效地避免了采用较大颗粒的惰性材料堵漏中，经常出现的一堵就返水，一钻又漏的情况，深受机台人员的欢迎。1．堵漏原理 主要是靠送入较大的水灰比（3∶1—0.5∶1）的水泥浆，在注浆泵的压力作用下，向钻孔裂隙中（漏失部位）压入。因浆液水灰比较大，水泥颗粒细小，易被挤进细小的裂隙中去，随着扩展面     

水泥护壁堵漏应注意的几个问题

对于钻探漏水、掉块复杂地层，用灌注水泥进行护壁堵漏，方法简便，货源广，成本低，效果好。经多次的实践证明，为使灌灰过程安全和提高灌灰的成功率，必须注意如下几个问题。一、确定漏水、掉块的位置在钻进中如遇返水变小、水泵压力降低、进尺突     

新疆巴里坤县条湖矿区主煤层（M4）煤质特征及工业用途评价

条湖矿区位于三湖塘盆地中东部,含煤地层为中侏罗统西山窑组,主要可采煤层M4厚度大,煤层稳定,煤炭资源量较大。从煤的物理性质、煤岩特征、化学性质以及工艺性能等方面进行全面分析．认为本区M4煤层具有低水分、低中灰-低灰分,高-特高挥发分、特低硫、特低磷、特高热值、不具粘结性的性质,煤类为长焰煤（41CY）,是优质的动力用煤、煤化工用煤,良好的水泥回转窑用配煤、水煤两段炉用煤,同时也是很好的民用煤。     

某炭素厂煅烧车间地基基础加固

因填土含水量升高引起地基基础湿陷下沉,炭素回转窑钢管弯曲影响生产线正常运行。采用水泥水玻璃浆液,利用斜孔在沉灰室基础中线填土部位进行分层注浆;采用超过原桩长的扩底灌注桩对回转窑支架基础进行加固。阻止了地基基础进一步下沉,加固后回转窑至今运行良好。     

Desiccation-Induced Volumetric Shrinkage of Compacted Foundry Sand Treated with Cement Kiln Dust

Foundry sand, an industrial waste, was treated with up to 12 % cement kiln dust content at comparative energy levels of British standard light, West African standard or “intermediate” (WAS) and British standard heavy (BSH) efforts at molding water contents ?2, 0, 2, 4 and 6 % of optimum moisture content. Samples were extruded from the compaction molds and allowed to air dry in the laboratory in order to assess the effect of desiccation-induced shrinkage on the material for use as a hydraulic barrier in waste containment application. Results recorded show that volumetric shrinkage strain (VSS) values were large within the first 5 days of drying; VSS values increased with higher molding water content, water content relative to the optimum moisture content. VSS generally increased with higher initial degree of saturation for all compactive efforts, irrespective of the level of cement kiln dust (CKD) treatment. A compaction plane of acceptable zones for VSS based on the regulatory value is ≤4 %. The influence of CKD treatment generally showed a decrease in the desiccation-induced volumetric shrinkage strain with increasing CKD content. This is largely due to the pozzolanic input of CKD. Finally, only the BSH compactive effort gave successful results of volumetric shrinkage strain at CKD treatment content of between 4 and 8 %, while 12 % CKD content produced successful volumetric shrinkage strain results at WAS and BSH compactive effort, respectively.     

Engineering Properties of Cement Kiln Dust-Modified Soils in Western Washington State

The Portland cement manufacturing process produces considerable amount of cement kiln dust (CKD). While many facilities are able to reuse a significant portion of CKD in their production lines, a large percentage is removed as industrial waste and placed in landfills. Because of the large amount of material potentially available for use, and in an effort to cut disposal costs, alternative and beneficial uses for CKD need to be investigated. This study presents experimental results of the use of CKD in modification and stabilization of soils from the Aberdeen and Everett areas in the state of Washington. These soils are typically wet of the optimum water content and pose problems during geotechnical construction. CKD was added in percentages of 5, 10, 15, and 20% by dry weight of the soils. Laboratory tests, including drying rate of the soils, Atterberg limits, standard proctor and unconfined compressive strength were conducted. Results of the investigation showed significant improvement in drying rate and unconfined compressive strength of the CKD treated specimens as the percentage of CKD increased. It was also found that lower percentages of CKD can be used for modification purposes, whereas higher percentages of CKD can be used for both modification and stabilization purposes in geotechnical construction.     

Use of Cement Kiln Dust on the Engineering Modification of Soil Materials,Nile Delta,Egypt

Cement kiln dust (CKD) is the by-product generated from the manufacture of Portland cement. Disposal quantities of CKD in construction project are required to protect the environment. In the recent construction experience in the area of study at the last years showed that, ground and underground engineering on the soft soil are susceptible to various types of cracking in buildings and roads. The improvement of engineering properties of two disturbed soils by using CKD in different percentages (5, 10 and 20 %) was discussed in this paper. The results indicated that CKD additives increased the pH values and decreased the plasticity index in both types of soils under investigation. The maximum dry density (MDD) decreased and optimum moisture content (OMC) increased with increasing the percentage of CKD in soil A. In soil B the MDD and OMC decreased.     

水泥生产碳排放的产生环节及减排措施

在工业生产过程中,CO2的大量排放被认为是导致气候变暖的重要因素之一,因此控制和减少CO2排放已成为人类社会面临的紧迫任务。水泥工业是人为排放CO2的重要来源之一,这就意味着水泥工业会在一种不断增加的管理压力下减少CO2的排放量,以应对全球变暖的现状。水泥生产过程中CO2的直接排放和间接排放两大排放途径,直接排放主要包括碳酸盐分解,烧成燃料/非烧成燃料的燃烧。间接排放主要是指电力消耗所产生的CO2。针对碳的排放环节,有效可行的CO2减排措施,例如原料、燃料的替代,熟料化学成分的改变,能源效率的提高等,对我国水泥工业的碳减排提出一些建议和看法。     

开发水泥工业新技术，争创节能减排新水平

我国在国民经济持续高速发展的同时也承受着能源消耗和环境恶化的巨大压力,水泥行业是耗能、排污大户,面临技术升级和节能减排的重大课题和历史任务。天津水泥工业设计研究院有限公司一直致力于我国水泥工业开发和提供新技术和新装备,推动我国水泥工业走资源节约型、环境友好型的新型工业化道路。近年来的新成果主要在新一代烧成节能技术、无球磨粉磨节能技术、余热发电技术、水泥工业处置工业废弃物和城市生活垃圾以及减少水泥生产有害粉尘和气体的排放等方面,代表了我国新型干法水泥生产技术和装备的先进水平。     

Assessment of Cement Kiln Dust-Treated Expansive Soil for the Construction of Flexible Pavements

An expansive soil (black cotton soil) treated with up to 10 % cement kiln dust (CKD), a waste obtained from the manufacture of cement, was evaluated for use as a flexible pavement construction material. Laboratory tests were carried out on specimens compacted with British Standard light, British Standard light or standard Proctor (relative compaction = 100 %) energy. Results obtained show that the index properties of the soil improved with CKD treatment. Peak unconfined compressive strength of 357.07 kN/m² and California bearing ratio (CBR) of 7 % as well as resistance to loss in strength of 44 % were recorded at 10 % CKD treatment. Reduction in the particle sizes with curing period was observed when samples were viewed through the scanning electron microscope. The study showed that CKD can be beneficially used to improve the subgrade of lightly trafficked roads and as admixture in lime stabilization during construction of flexible pavements over expansive soil.     

Potential Application of Lateritic Soil Stabilized with Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) as Liner in Waste Containment Structures

This study evaluates the applicability of residually derived lateritic soil stabilized with cement kiln dust (CKD), a waste product from the cement manufacturing process as liner in waste repositories. Lateritic soil sample mixed with 0–16 % CKD (by dry weight of the soil) was compacted with the British Standard Light, West African Standard and British Standard Heavy compaction efforts at water contents ranging from the dry to wet of optimum moistures. Geotechnical parameters such as Atterberg limits, compaction characteristics, hydraulic conductivity, unconfined compressive strength and volumetric shrinkage strain were determined. Results indicate that the plasticity index, the maximum dry unit weight and hydraulic conductivity together with the volumetric shrinkage decreased with increased amount of CKD while the optimum moisture content and unconfined compressive strength increased with higher CKD content for all the efforts. When measured properties were compared with standard specifications adopted by most environmental regulatory agencies for the construction of barrier systems in waste containment structures, the resulting values showed substantial compliance. Besides developing an economically sustainable liner material, the present study demonstrated effective utilization of an industrial by-product otherwise considered as waste by the producers, in addition to a systematic expansion in the use of the lateritic soil for geotechnical works.     

世界屋脊高海拔2000t／d级新型干法水泥生产线

已建成投产的西藏高天水泥有限公司2000t／d级熟料新型干法水泥生产线是目前世界上海拔最高的规模最大的采用窑外分解技术的水泥生产线,也是天津院承担设计的高海拔地区第一条2000t／d级水泥生产线。设计方案适应当地海拔高、缺氧、四季昼夜温差大的气候及原、燃材料等条件。年平均大气压为65．1kPa,约为平原地区的62％,工程设计面临很多困难条件,无国内外经验可借鉴,天津院依托自身技术优势,勇于创新,开发了具有自主知识产权的高海拔新工艺、新装备,如高原型预热器、分解炉、熟料冷却机等并供货。回转窑、原料粉磨、水泥粉磨、煤磨、石灰石破碎机均由天津院设计。燃烧器、选粉机、风机、空压机等所有系统配套的机械、电气设备及元件在设计选型时均进行高原校正。同时针对高海拔地区做了大量的研究和开发工作,降低工程投资,达到了节能、降耗、减少污染、改善环境、提高产品质量、激发企业竞争力的目的。     

Magnetic Influences of Cement Dust on Soil in Industrial Area and Its Environmental Implications

To monitor environmental implications of cement dust on soil in industrial area, magnetic parameters and mineral compositions were measured by the samples of the cement dust, cement factory dustfall, cement, coal ash, topsoil of green space in the factory and topsoil outside the factory. Results showed that the major magnetic minerals in the samples were magnetite, the magnetic mineral particle size of cement dust, dustfall, cement and coal ash was coarse Multi-Domian (MD) and Pseudo-Single-Domain (PSD). As topsoil of green space in the factory and topsoil outside the factory were polluted by cement dust, their magnetic properties had been obviously changed; the concentration of magnetic minerals elevated and particle size became coarser. The magnetic parameters (χ_fd,χ_ARM/χ,χ_ARM/SIRM) value can reflect the pollution level of the soil, the lower its value was, the more serious soil was polluted. X-ray diffraction results showed that the mineral compositions of the topsoil of green space in the factory and topsoil outside the factory were quartz and calcite, which were the same as cement dust. Magnetic parameters combination characteristics of topsoil can monitor the soil environmental changes in cement industry area.