印度洋西北部公海鸢乌贼资源特征及其与海况的关系

根据2004年9月~2005年4月我国鱿钓船在印度洋西北部12°N~21°30′N,58°E~65°E获得的鸢乌贼资源调查资料,对其资源特征及其与海况关系进行了分析。研究认为,调查海域内鸢乌贼均有一定的分布,其中以14°30′N、60°E~63°E附近海域CPUE为最高。渔获物胴长范围为163~560 mm,优势胴长组为280~440 mm,占总数的70.51%,平均胴长为365.0 mm。渔获个体组成随纬度变化差异显著,而随经度变化差异不明显。16°N以南海域,雌性个体一般以Ⅰ、Ⅱ期为主;16°N以北海域,则以Ⅲ~Ⅴ期为主。分析还认为,鸢乌贼分布与表温、海面高度距平关系密切,9~11月适宜表温为27~28℃,12月~翌年3月为26~27℃,高产渔场大都分布在海面高度距平SSHA≤0的附近海域。     

阿拉伯北部公海海域鸢乌贼渔场分布及其与海洋环境因子关系

根据2004年9~12月在阿拉伯北部公海海域鸢乌贼资源的探捕生产情况,分海区初步分析了海洋环境因子与中心渔场之间的关系。调查表明,中心渔场分布在62°E~64°E、12°N~13°N,59°E~62°E、15°N~18°N和62°E~64°E、18°N~20°N三个海区。中心作业渔场基本分布在冷水与暖水交汇边缘处,并处于冷水涡边缘一侧。中心渔场的适宜表温27~29℃、表层盐度35.5~36.5。不同作业渔场的温盐结构不同。北部渔场的表温相对要高于南部渔场,但是50m以下水层的温度则相反;中部渔场的各层盐度明显低于南部和北部渔场。GAM模型分析表明,产量与表温、50m水温和200m水温以及各层盐度的关系密切。     

阿拉伯海北部公海海域鸢乌贼资源密度及其分布

根据2004年9-12月阿拉伯海北部公海海域鸢乌贼资源的调查和渔获统计资料,采用效能比方法,对鸢乌贼资源密度指标CPUE值进行了估算。结果发现,调查海域的鸢乌贼资源密度较高,其CPUE值为0.2~8.3尾/(线.h),CPUE优势组为1.0~4.0尾/(线.h),约占总站数的63.1%,总体平均CPUE值为2.22尾/(线.h)。资源密度的随海域而不同。高于2尾/(线.h)的CPUE值分布在12°N,58~62°E;14~16°N,59~61°E;18~20°N,62~64°E海域。     

印度洋西北海域鸢乌贼渔场分布与海面高度的关系

根据2004年9月至2005年1月我国鱿钓船在印度洋西北海域进行鸢乌贼（Symlectoteuthis oualaniensis）调查的数据,并结合海面高度,利用Marineexplorer4．0软件对渔获量分布及其与海面高度图进行了叠加分析。结果表明,高渔获量的中心渔场大多分布在海面高度Hss≤0的附近海域,在Hss≥0的附近海域有一定的渔获量。研究认为,中心渔场分布在冷暖涡的交汇处,但是渔场的中心偏向于Hss≤0的冷水涡一侧。     

南海外海鸢乌贼渔场范围与海洋环境的关系

为研究南海外海鸢乌贼渔场范围与海洋环境因子之间的联系,本文根据2013-2018年广西壮族自治区北海市灯光罩网渔船在南海外海的鸢乌贼生产数据和海洋环境遥感数据,对鸢乌贼渔场范围的时空分布与海表面温度(SST)、海表面高度(SSH)和海表面叶绿素a(Chl a)浓度的关系进行研究.结果表明:在5°～20°N,108°～1...     

毛里塔尼亚底拖网作业渔场时空分布研究

毛里塔尼亚位是我国在西非的主要入渔国家之一。把握底拖网作业渔场时空分布及其规律是渔业生产的重要内容。本研究根据2010—2015年上海某渔业公司在毛里塔尼亚海域的底拖网渔船生产统计数据,采用频度分析法和渔场重心法对底拖网作业渔场时空分布进行研究。研究认为,毛里塔尼亚底拖网作业渔场分布在16.90°W~17.70°W、19.70°N~20.80°N海域,主要集中在17.40°W~17.60°W、20.20°N~20.70°N海域。平均网次产量为27~77kg,总体平均网次产量为43.98kg。研究认为,渔场重心呈现出规律的分布,基本上分布在1个经纬度范围内。1~4月份渔场重心主要分布在17.38°W~17.59°W、20.49°N~20.56°N海域;7~8月主要分布在17.21°W~17.33°W、20.26°N~20.48°N海域;9~11月主要分布在17.43°W~17.54°W、20.40°N~20.64°N海域;12月主要分布在17.08°W、20.00°N附近海域。作业渔场时空分布规律的掌握,有助于毛里塔尼亚海洋渔业的合理生产。     

东海鲐鱼资源和渔场时空分布特征的研究

根据1998~2003年我国东海大型灯光围网企业生产统计数据,利用灰色关联评价等数理方法对东海鲐鱼资源和渔场的时空分布特征进行了分析。结果表明,主要作业渔场在经度上分布无差异,85%以上产量分布在122°E~124°E海域,而作业渔场在纬度上分布差异明显,但主要分布在26°N~28°N和30°N~31°N海域。较高平均网次产量(20 t/net)的海域主要集中在123°E~124°E、26°N~28°N及123°E~124°E、30°N~31°N海域。灰色关联度表明,6年间,以1999年鲐鱼资源状况最好,其次为2002年,2000年最差,1998年、2003年和2001年处于中间水平。分析认为,2000年鲐鱼资源最差可能与1999年捕捞产量过高造成亲鱼量急剧下降、夏季渔场水温偏低和鲐鱼资源的周期性波动等因素有关。     

东海头足类的数量分布与可持续利用

根据1994年6月～1996年5月和2004～2006年对东海大陆架25°30′N～33°30′N,128°00′E以西海域调查资料,对头足类的数量分布进行研究.结果表明:头足类数量分布高峰期出现在夏季,渔获率为26.9 kg·h-1,其次是秋季,为16. 5 kg·h-1,春季最低,只有8.7 kg·h-1.其渔获量分布以6～12月密度较高,密集中心出现在舟山渔场东南部和鱼山渔场、温台渔场外侧水深80～100 m海域.东海实施伏季底拖网休渔制度后,头足类产卵场得到保护,但头足类夏季高峰失去利用,渔获率下降了14. 7%.建议调整作业结构,调整捕捞季节,在夏季高峰季节发展光诱作业和鱿钓作业,上半年进行养护,集中在下半年进行利用,以提高头足类资源的产业效益.     

海表温度对南沙海域鸢乌贼资源变动的影响

根据南沙海域2018—2019年鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)灯光罩网渔获数据和海表温度(sea surface temperature, SST)遥感数据,研究SST对鸢乌贼资源变动的影响。经验正交函数分析(empirical orthogonal function, EOF)显示南沙海域SST季节变化明显,月均值在年内呈双峰型变化,峰值出现在5—6月和10月。2019年南沙海域发生厄尔尼诺,SST高温频率升高,年均值较2018年升高0.3℃。2018年鸢乌贼的单位捕捞努力量渔获量(catch per unit effort, CPUE)为春季(3—5月)高,夏季(6—7月)低,2019年CPUE为冬季(2月)高,夏季(6月)低。广义相加模型(generalized additive model, GAM)显示,月份、SST、纬度和经度4个因子对CPUE的总偏差解释度为55.0%,其中月份与SST的偏差解释度大于其他因子。鸢乌贼群体的适宜温度为27.5～29.5℃,SST超过29.5℃会导致CPUE降低。鸢乌贼渔场集中分布于10°N—12°N、113°...     

阿根廷滑柔鱼渔场的初步研究

根据2001年12月至2002年4月"辽渔1号"在西南大西洋(57°W—60°W,41°S—47°S)的柔鱼生产调查资料,对作业渔场的渔获量和水温垂直分布特点进行了初步分析,并运用逐步回归法探讨了周产量(t/week)与各水层温度之间的关系。结果表明:(1)周产量在70t以上的作业区域全部在60°02′W—60°40′W,44°59′S—46°04′S范围内(简称南渔场),周产量在70t以下的作业区域绝大多数集中在57°47′W—58°2′W,41°54′S—42°2′S范围内(简称北渔场);(2)南渔场渔获的表层水温在12.2℃~15.1℃,北渔场渔获的表层水温在10.0℃~12.3℃,两渔场在20~70m水体均出现了强度不等的温跃层;(3)整个作业区域,周产量与水温存在线性相关,相关系数R=0.8515,其中南渔场相关系数R=0.9985,北渔场相关系数R=0.9313。     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.     

A Tidal Flow Model for the Gulf of Kachchh, India

A vertically integrated model has been used to study the tidal circulation and currents in the Gulf of Kachchh along the west coast of India. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. The model is forced by prescribing the tides along the open boundary of the model domain. The flow is simulated both with and without the presence of the proposed tidal barrage across the Hansthal Creek in the Gulf of Kachchh. The results show a considerable change in the behavior of the tidal flow in the presence of the barrage.     

利用中国GF-3卫星SAR和HY-2A卫星微波散射计的首次台风联合定量观测

<正>The typhoon,as a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean with high wind speed and heavy rainfall,is one of the most lethal and costly of natural disasters for the densely populated countries of East Asia.It can be easily detected by space-borne sensors operated at microwave,visible or infrared bands(Liu et al.,2014).Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)is     

离子交换—原子吸收光谱法测定海水中痕量铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰

本文介绍了用国产D401型螯合树脂分离富集海水中铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰等痕量元素,并用原子吸收光谱仪测定其含量的方法。讨论了各元素的分离条件选择及干扰元素的影响,并与溶剂萃取法的结果作了比较。各元素检测的定量下限为:铜0.5μg/L、铅0.1μg/L、锌1.0μg/L、镉0.01μg/L、铁2.0μg/L、锰2.0μg/L。方法精密度在4—8％之间,回收率为90—102％。     

Biogeochemistry of Mangrove Soil Organic Matter: a Comparison BetweenRhizophoraandAvicenniaSoils in South-eastern Brazil

Soil core samples fromRhizophora mangleL. andAvicennia schauerianaStapf & Leech forests from south-eastern Brazil were analysed for their total organic matter content and their sugars, amino acid and amino sugars composition. Organic carbon and nitrogen contents were higher inAvicenniathan inRhizophorasoils. The contribution of sugars and amino acids to the total organic carbon pool was constant with depth inRhizophorasoils whereas inAvicenniasoils it increased. Spectral distribution of sugars and amino acids showed a dominance of Ca-affine monomers, particularly acidic amino acids, and the sugar arabinose. Biogeochemical indicators derived from ratios of individual sugar and amino acid monomers confirm previous studies which showed that organic matter in both soils is mainly of mangrove origin. The results further suggest accumulation of organic matter inRhizophorasoils and a continuing degradation of organic matter inAvicenniasoils. The latter may thus release more nutrients to adjacent ecosystems thanRhizophorasoils.     

A review of orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus fisheries,estimation methods,biology and stock structure

Orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus are unusual fish. They form dense aggregations that have fuelled lucrative fisheries at great depths (600–1 400 m), especially off Namibia, New Zealand and Australia. They are thought to be very long-lived (>100 years, maturity at 22 – 40 years), and to have exceptionally low natural mortality (M = 0.045–0.064 year^?1) and slow growth rates (K = 0.055–0.070 year^?1). In addition, they spawn large eggs and have low fecundity. These factors combine to make orange roughy highly susceptible to overfishing; most stocks are below 30% of pristine levels. Assessments are obtained from indices of catch rate and trawl, acoustic and egg surveys. Acoustic estimates are the most direct, but are confounded by the species' low target strength (?50 to ?53 dB)–attributable to the wax-filled swim bladder. Extracellular wax esters are stored in abundance and comprise mostly mono-unsaturated fatty acids, with low concentrations of the ω-3 fatty acid family. This unusual composition (resultant from the species' diet) ensures neutral buoyancy. Stock separation has been inferred mainly from biological studies, but genetic studies have also found differences among stocks within New Zealand and Australia. Deep-water habitat may be damaged by trawling operations and may take many years to recover, so in some quarters there is a call for a portion of suitable habitat to be set aside for preservation. Although Namibian orange roughy are shallower, smaller and younger than those in other stocks, the Namibian fishery sustained high catches for only a few years before quotas were reduced, from 12 000 to 1 875 tons. Three management lessons are suggested for developing orange roughy fisheries based on the Namibian experience: (1) imposition of catch limits during exploratory fishing; (2) starting the acoustic surveys earlier in the fishery, if possible; (3) greater reliance on trends in catch rate until a survey series has been established.