河西走廊城市化与生态环境的动态耦合模型及应用

1 Introduction Since the 21stcentury,the urbanization tide has sweptacross the whole China.However,the urbanization in W est China, especially in Hexi Corridor, is severely restricted by eco-environment.There are various kinds of contradictions and intim …     

宁夏城市化与生态环境耦合协调关系

城市化与生态环境之间存在着复杂的交互耦合关系。本文以宁夏5个地级市的社会、经济、环境等数据为基础,构建城市化与生态环境的耦合协调度模型,并比较5个地级市在2001-2013年的城市化与生态环境耦合协调度的动态变化。结果表明：（1）城市化和生态环境两个子系统中贡献份额最大的指标分别为经济城市化和生态压力;城市化综合水平和生态环境综合水平均呈现稳定上升趋势;（2）不同城市的耦合协调模式有着不同的演化特征,银川总体处于转型发展的基本协调-生态环境滞后阶段,石嘴山处于基本协调-城市化滞后向基本协调转变阶段,吴忠、固原和中卫总体处于基本不协调向转型发展的基本协调-城市化滞后转变阶段;（3）相比于京津冀等发达地区,宁夏的城市化与生态环境耦合协调水平较为落后。宁夏需把握机遇,深入推进沿黄城镇带建设和宁南区域中心城市与大县城建设,促进全区城市化与生态环境之间的协调发展。     

河西走廊:绿洲支撑着城市化!——与仲伟志先生商榷

针对仲伟志先生在《经济观察报》(2002年10月14日)撰写的《河西走廊:城市化覆盖绿洲?》一文的若干观点,提出了自己近年来研究河西走廊得出的基本看法。作者认为,在河西走廊,有绿洲就有城市,有城市就有城市化;城市化不会覆盖绿洲,城市化会推动绿洲更加走向繁荣;水源绝不是城市化的最大瓶颈,城市化更不会制造沙漠;在保护绿洲生态环境的同时,加快走廊城市化发展进程,这是河西走廊生态环境改善和人民生活水平提高的有效途径。绿洲支撑着城市化,合力共筑着河西走廊作为中国西部生态经济走廊的开发与发展。     

中国区域城市化与生态环境耦合的关联分析

以定性与定量分析相结合的方法建立了耦合系统的评价指标体系,运用灰色关联分析法构建出区域城市化与生态环境交互作用的关联度模型和耦合度模型,定量揭示出中国省区城市化与生态环境系统耦合的主要因素,并从时空角度分析了区域耦合度的空间分布及演变规律。研究结果表明：(1) 城市化与生态环境系统要素之间的耦合是复杂的,总体上表现在城市化对生态环境的胁迫作用和生态环境对城市化的约束作用两个方面。通过关联度计算遴选出作用于生态环境的16项城市化指标和影响城市化的10项生态环境指标,它们较为全面反映出系统交互耦合的机理;(2) 中国区域城市化与生态环境耦合度分布基本符合东、中西空间分异的规律。根据耦合度大小并结合区域城市化与经济发展阶段,大致将全国省区划分为协调、磨合、拮抗和低水平耦合等4种类型,其中以拮抗类型为主;(3) 中国城市化与生态环境耦合度的时序变动表现出明显的阶段性和波动性。     

青藏高原城镇化与生态环境交互影响关系分析

科学评估青藏高原城镇化与生态环境交互影响的总体状况,对优化城镇化速度和质量,修复和提升生态环境状态具有重要意义。在梳理青藏高原城镇化与生态环境交互影响研究进展基础上,本文尝试构建一套完整的城镇化与生态环境交互影响分析模型体系,实现从综合评价指数分析、耦合协调度量化、耦合类型识别、解耦路径探索到未来趋势预测的全过程解析。以青藏高原及其省域、地级单元多尺度分析对比为手段,尝试厘清尺度之间的差异性,识别出问题区域,并提出针对性的改进措施。研究发现,青藏高原不同尺度间城镇化综合评价指数呈阶段性上升趋势,青海的整体城镇化指数高于西藏;生态环境指数变化趋势不同,青海呈下降态势,西藏则趋向平稳,各地级单元生态环境指数存在分层现象。青藏高原不同尺度城镇化与生态环境耦合协调度总体呈上升趋势,协调类型由失调衰退类向濒临失调衰退类转变,最后转为勉强协调发展类,基本属于城镇化滞后型。城镇化指数与生态环境指数呈现出强脱钩、弱脱钩交互出现的波动态势,说明不同尺度间存在城镇化与生态环境的负相互作用,消极城镇化现象突出。通过预测,青藏高原各地级单元在未来10年内,系统耦合协调度将稳步上升,但各地增长速度将存在显著差距。     

Integrated assessment model of water resources constraint intensity on urbanization in arid area

Water has become a key restricting factor of the urbanization process in developing arid areas. Based on qualitative and quantitative methods, we constructed an integrated indicator system to assess the status of water resources and urbanization system in arid area, and established an AHP model reformed by entropy technology to evaluate the temporal and spatial variations of water resources constraint intensity on urbanization. This model is applied to the Hexi Corridor, a typical arid area in NW China. Results show that, water resources constraint intensity on urbanization in the Hexi Corridor is bigger in the east and smaller in the west. It has changed from the less strong constraint type into the strong constraint type from 1985 to 2005, yet it decreased appreciably in recent years. At present, most areas in the Hexi Corridor belong to the less strong or strong constraint type. Through rational adjustment of water resources and urbanization system, the Hexi Corridor can still promote water resources sustainable utilization and accelerate the urbanization process. This study suggests that the integrated assessment model of water resources constraint intensity on urbanization is an effective method to analyze the conflicts between water resources and urbanization system in arid area.     

城镇化与生态环境耦合圈理论及耦合器调控

城镇化与生态环境之间客观上存在着极其复杂的近远程非线性耦合关系,如何协调城镇化与生态环境的关系问题已上升为全球性战略问题和世界性科学难题。本文从理论上揭示了城镇化与生态环境交互作用的耦合性、耦合关系和耦合度;根据主控要素总结出了城镇化与生态环境耦合的10种关系和交互方式;根据耦合度强弱将耦合性分为低度耦合、较低耦合、中度耦合、较高耦合、高度耦合和完全耦合6种类型,分别对应随性耦合、间接耦合、松散耦合、协同耦合、紧密耦合和控制耦合,进而形成城镇化与生态环境耦合塔;创建了城镇化与生态环境耦合圈理论,按每旋转10°生成一个图谱构建了由直线图谱、指数曲线图谱、对数曲线图谱、双指数曲线图谱和“S”型曲线图谱等组合而成的45种耦合图谱,不同图谱对应着不同的城市发展阶段和发展模式。在多种耦合图谱中,认为“S”型曲线耦合图谱是最佳图谱,代表着多种图谱中体现城镇化与生态环境相互作用的最佳耦合状态。以“S”型曲线耦合图谱为依托,借助SD模型及各变量之间存在的一对一、一对多和多对多的复杂关系,构建了由11个调控要素和201个变量构成的耦合调控器（UEC）,只要一个变量发生变化,就会牵一发而动全身,影响整个耦合调控器的结构、功能和调控结果。这种耦合调控器包括同一时间多个城市城镇化圈与生态环境圈之间的静态调控、不同时间同一城市城镇化圈与生态环境圈之间的动态调控、不同时间多个城市城镇化圈与生态环境圈之间的动态调控3种时空尺度,通过调控将逐步推动城镇化圈与生态环境圈之间由低级耦合向高级耦合方向演进。     

干旱区水资源对城市化约束强度的时空变化分析

水资源对城市化的约束力已经成为干旱缺水地区决定城市化发展速度, 进而决定城市化和社会经济发展规模的重要外营力之一, 科学度量并探讨其时空变化, 对水资源可持续利用与城市化正常推进具有重要意义。以定性与定量分析相结合的方法建立了水资源对城市化 约束强度的综合测度指标体系, 采用熵技术支持下的层次分析法构建出水资源对城市化约束强度的综合测度模型, 并对1985-2005 年河西走廊水资源对城市化约束强度的时空变化进行了分析。结果表明, 河西走廊水资源对城市化的约束强度在空间上总体表现为自东向西逐渐减小, 在时间上表现为由较强约束类型变为强约束类型, 总体呈不断增加态势, 但近年来略有缓解。虽然河西走廊水资源开发利用潜力综合指数与城市化系统综合发展指数都较低, 面临缺水和发展的双重矛盾, 但目前河西走廊大部分地区水资源对城市化的约束强度仍属于较强或强约束类型, 仍然能够通过合理调控实现可持续发展。     

甘肃河西地区2000-2019年水土资源耦合协调特征

以甘肃河西地区为研究区,采用耦合协调度模型和农业水土资源匹配系数法分别对河西五市和河西走廊三大内陆河中游地区水土耦合协调情况进行量化研究,并以此为基础通过灰色关联度法分析水土资源耦合协调度影响因素.结果表明:(1)2000-2019年,河西五市水土资源耦合协调度整体提升了 64.65％,由濒临失调转换为初级协调,呈现不...     

区域城市化与生态环境耦合发展模拟及调控策略——以江苏省为例

根据城市化与生态环境耦合含义及框架,利用SD的原理和方法,以江苏省为例,建立了区域城市化与生态环境耦合的SD模型,并选取五种典型发展模式进行策略情景模拟。分析表明:①区域城市化与生态环境交互耦合具有复杂性、非线性和时变性的特点,SD模型分析此类问题具有明显的适用性。模型的历史数据拟合的误差小,反映它具有一定可靠性,能在一定程度上解释区域城市化与生态环境交互耦合的复杂行为,评估城市化对生态环境的潜在效应;②在不同调控策略的发展模式下,该省城市化与生态环境耦合的情景存在较大差异,五种模式都有其显著的比较优势,同时也存在明显的发展缺陷;③根据该省的发展特点和区域发展差异并结合城市化发展一般规律,分阶段和分地域推进人口城市化发展模式和社会城市化发展模式,可以实现该省人口、经济、城市化和生态环境协调发展的目的。     

干旱区水资源对城市化约束强度的综合评价模型

Water has become a key restricting factor of the urbanization process in developing arid areas. Based on qualitative and quantitative methods, we constructed an integrated indicator system to assess the status of water resources and urbanization system in arid area, and established an AHP model reformed by entropy technology to evaluate the temporal and spatial variations of water resources constraint intensity on urbanization. This model is applied to the Hexi Corridor, a typical arid area in NW China. Results show that, water resources constraint intensity on urbanization in the Hexi Corridor is bigger in the east and smaller in the west. It has changed from the less strong constraint type into the strong constraint type from 1985 to 2005, yet it decreased appreciably in recent years. At present, most areas in the Hexi Corridor belong to the less strong or strong constraint type. Through rational adjustment of water resources and urbanization system, the Hexi Corridor can still promote water resources sustainable utilization and accelerate the urbanization process. This study suggests that the integrated assessment model of water resources constraint intensity on urbanization is an effective method to analyze the conflicts between water resources and urbanization system in arid area. Foundation: Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.KZCX2-YW-307-02; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; K. C. Wong Education Foundation, Hong Kong Author: Bao Chao (1978–), Ph.D, specialized in urbanization and water sustainable utilization.     

干旱区城市化过程中的生态风险评价模型及应用——以河西地区城市化过程为例

城市化是河西走廊可持续发展的必由之路,然而现实中城市化过程与生态环境之间存在着各种各样的矛盾与胁迫,同时也伴随着生态风险的产生,评价城市化过程中诱发的生态风险,并找出各种生态风险变化的规律性,对河西走廊城市未来的健康发展具有重要的现实意义。通过研究城市生态风险的内涵与动因,建立了生态风险评价的数学模型,并利用该模型从不同角度计算出河西走廊7个城市的生态环境风险强度,在此基础上分析了河西城市化过程中生态风险变化的规律性,即河西走廊7个城市的经济城市化诱发的生态风险大于人口城市化和社会城市化诱发的生态风险;农业用水诱发的生态风险大于工业和第三产业用水;流域下游的生态风险大于上、中游地区;从空间上,各城市的综合生态风险呈现出玉门>敦煌>武威>金昌>酒泉>嘉峪关>张掖的位次顺序。     

International progress and evaluation on interactive coupling effects between urbanization and the eco-environment

Global urbanization is exerting severe stress and having far-reaching impacts on the eco-environment, and yet there exists a complex non-linear coupling relationship between the two. Research on the interactive coupling effect between urbanization and the eco-environment will be a popular area of study and frontier in international earth system science and sustainability science in the next 10 years, while also being a high-priority research topic of particular interest to international organizations. This paper systematically collates and summarizes the international progress made in research on interactive coupling theory, coupling relationships, coupling mechanisms, coupling laws, coupling thresholds, coupling models and coupling optimization decision support systems. The research shows that urbanization and eco-environment interactive coupling theories include the Kuznets curve theory, telecoupling theory, planetary boundaries theory, footprint family theory and urban metabolism theory; most research on interactive coupling relationships is concerned with single- element coupling relationships, such as those between urbanization and water, land, atmosphere, climate change, ecosystems and biodiversity; the majority of research on interactive coupling mechanisms and laws focuses on five research paradigms, including coupled human and nature systems, complex social-ecological systems, urban ecosystems, social-economic-natural complex ecosystems, and urbanization development and eco-environment constraint ring; the majority of interactive coupling simulations use STIRPAT models, coupling degree models, multi-agent system models and big data urban computer models; and research has been carried out on urbanization and eco-environment coupling thresholds, coercing risk and optimal decision support systems. An objective evaluation of progress in international research on interactive coupling between urbanization and the eco-environment suggests that there are six main research focal points and six areas lacking research: a lot of research exists on macroscopic coupling effects, with little research on urban agglomeration and scale coupling effects; considerable research exists on single-dimension coupling effects, with little on multiple-dimension coupling effects; a great deal exists on “one-to-one” dual- element coupling effects, with little on “many-to-many” multiple-element coupling effects; a lot exists on positive feedback coupling effects, and little on negative feedback coupling effects; a great deal exists on empirical coupling effects, and little on theoretical coupling effects; a great deal exists on the use of simple quantitative methods, and little on using integrated simulation methods. Future studies should focus on coupling effects between urbanization in urban agglomerations and the eco-environment, spatial scale coupling effects, multi-dimensional coupling effects, telecoupling effects, “one-to-many” and “many-to-many” element coupling effects, and positive and negative feedback coupling effects. There is also a need to strengthen the development and application of dynamic models for multi-element, -scale, -scenario, -module and -agent integrated spatiotemporal coupling systems and further improve theoretical innovations in coupling effect research and integrate and form complete and diverse coupling theoretical systems.     

浙江省城市化与生态环境协调度及其胁迫关系探讨

运用交互胁迫、耦合协调模型,结合主观均方差分析法和客观结构熵值法确定指标权重,通过建立指标体系研究2000-2014年浙江省生态环境和城市化的交互胁迫关系和协调类型.结果表明:浙江省生态环境和城市化之间存在交互胁迫关系,演变状态符合双指数函数;前者对后者有显著的约束作用,后者对前者有显著的胁迫作用.对城市化综合水平影响程度大小依次为经济、社会与人口城市化,对生态环境综合水平影响程度大小依次为生态环境压力、状态与响应.2000-2014年浙江省综合协调耦合类型分为磨合协调阶段(2000-2003年)、基本协调阶段(2003-2005年)、拮抗协调阶段(2005-2010年)和良好协调阶段(2010-2014)4个阶段.     

河西走廊东部沙尘天气与武威市大气污染的关系研究

利用河西走廊东部武威市1991-2003年春季污染浓度资料和1971-2003年气象要素资料, 分析污染物浓度与各种气象要素和非气象要素的关系, 找出造成河西走廊东部春季污染严重的气候成因, 并提出大气污染治理对策。结果表明, 春季3~5月沙尘暴发生日数和颗粒物污染资料两者有很好的正相关关系, 相关系数达0.8, 沙尘暴天气是造成河西走廊东部春季空气重度污染的主要原因。     

城镇化与生态环境近远程耦合关系研究进展

城镇化与生态环境近远程耦合关系研究是国际人地系统研究的前沿和热点领域,对于如何协调中国城镇化与生态环境的关系问题也具有重要的参考价值。本文紧扣城镇化与生态环境近远程耦合关系研究主题,在对国际研究进行梳理的基础上,集中从城镇化与生态环境近远程耦合关系理论、方法以及关键应用领域三个方面,对城镇化与生态环境近远程耦合关系研究国际前沿与进展进行评述。分析发现,国际上近远程耦合概念提出时间不长,其理论的完备性与系统性尚显薄弱,对实证研究统领性指导还略显不足。而从其他研究视角出发,国际上对互为远端的人地系统间关联现象进行了大量研究,实证内容充足,内涵丰富。展望未来,关注城市群地区城镇化与生态环境近远程耦合关系、挖掘城镇化与生态环境近远程耦合主导路径与动态演变特征、加强中国城镇化与生态环境近远程耦合理论研究,是推动中国城镇化与生态环境耦合研究迈向新的发展阶段的重要方向。     

城镇化与生态环境耦合动态模拟理论及方法的研究进展

城镇化与生态环境耦合是当前研究热点,而其动态模拟将是未来的重要方向。基于系统科学与跨尺度耦合理论揭示城镇化与生态环境耦合系统的本质,即一个非线性的、具有高低阶多重反馈的开放的复杂巨系统。通过综述城镇化与生态环境耦合动态模拟的理论、方法与应用的研究进展,可知：① 动态模拟成为趋势,相关理论与机理解析不断完善;② 动态模拟技术趋向多元化、精细化、智能化和集成化;③ 应用研究基于多类型案例区、多要素以及近远程与跨区域3个方面。当前研究不足包括：① 理论发展与整合不足;② 方法集成与数据共享力度滞后;③ 耦合关系链条和主控要素的动态特征未被完整揭示,远程耦合模拟缺乏定量表达、系统性整合以及与区域联动层面的应用衔接。今后,应以理论为根基,推动多科学交叉融合;以方法为支撑,推动动态模拟技术整合与数据共享;以应用为导向,揭示城市群等重点地区的近远程关系链条与主控要素的动态演化模式,为区域可持续城镇化提供决策支持。     

城镇化与生态环境交互耦合效应研究的国际进展与总体评价（英文）

Global urbanization is exerting severe stress and having far-reaching impacts on the eco-environment, and yet there exists a complex non-linear coupling relationship between the two. Research on the interactive coupling effect between urbanization and the eco-environment will be a popular area of study and frontier in international earth system science and sustainability science in the next 10 years, while also being a high-priority research topic of particular interest to international organizations. This paper systematically collates and summarizes the international progress made in research on interactive coupling theory, coupling relationships, coupling mechanisms, coupling laws, coupling thresholds, coupling models and coupling optimization decision support systems. The research shows that urbanization and eco-environment interactive coupling theories include the Kuznets curve theory, telecoupling theory, planetary boundaries theory, footprint family theory and urban metabolism theory; most research on interactive coupling relationships is concerned with single- element coupling relationships, such as those between urbanization and water, land, atmosphere, climate change, ecosystems and biodiversity; the majority of research on interactive coupling mechanisms and laws focuses on five research paradigms, including coupled human and nature systems, complex social-ecological systems, urban ecosystems, social-economic-natural complex ecosystems, and urbanization development and eco-environment constraint ring; the majority of interactive coupling simulations use STIRPAT models, coupling degree models, multi-agent system models and big data urban computer models; and research has been carried out on urbanization and eco-environment coupling thresholds, coercing risk and optimal decision support systems. An objective evaluation of progress in international research on interactive coupling between urbanization and the eco-environment suggests that there are six main research focal points and six areas lacking research: a lot of research exists on macroscopic coupling effects, with little research on urban agglomeration and scale coupling effects; considerable research exists on sin-gle-dimension coupling effects, with little on multiple-dimension coupling effects; a great deal exists on "one-to-one" dual- element coupling effects, with little on "many-to-many" multiple-element coupling effects; a lot exists on positive feedback coupling effects, and little on negative feedback coupling effects; a great deal exists on empirical coupling effects, and little on theoretical coupling effects; a great deal exists on the use of simple quantitative methods, and little on using integrated simulation methods. Future studies should focus on coupling effects between urbanization in urban agglomerations and the eco-environment, spatial scale coupling effects, multi-dimensional coupling effects, telecoupling effects, "one-to-many" and "many-to-many" element coupling effects, and positive and negative feedback coupling effects. There is also a need to strengthen the development and application of dynamic models for multi-element,-scale,-scenario,-module and-agent integrated spatiotemporal coupling systems and further improve theoretical innovations in coupling effect research and integrate and form complete and diverse coupling theoretical systems.     

河西走廊草地荒漠化动态及驱动因素

草地荒漠化是河西走廊面临的主要生态问题。探究河西走廊草地荒漠化的现状与变化,是维持地区生态安全、确保经济社会健康稳定发展的关键。本研究以2009、2014、2019年全国荒漠化监测数据为基础,结合同时期的气象和年鉴数据,利用趋势分析、灰色关联及结构方程模型等方法,分析了河西走廊草地荒漠化的动态变化规律,在此基础上,量化了驱动草地荒漠化的因素。结果表明：（1）河西走廊草地荒漠化威胁持续存在,2019年,荒漠化草地面积为371.93万hm²,占河西走廊草地总面积的43.7%,荒漠化程度以中度为主,占比为65.58%。（2）2009—2019年,荒漠化草地面积减少134.68万hm²,草地荒漠化得到有效遏制。根据草地荒漠化程度综合性评价指数,除金昌市外,酒泉市、嘉峪关市、张掖市和武威市草地荒漠化呈逆转趋势。（3）驱动草地荒漠化动态变化的各类因素中,年降水量增加有助于荒漠化逆转,年均气温、农作物播种面积、大牲畜存栏数、常住人口数与草地荒漠化呈正相关,其中常住人口数通过影响农作物播种面积间接导致草地荒漠化加剧。     

Interaction between urbanization and eco-environment in the Tibetan Plateau

A scientific evaluation of the broad reciprocal influences between urbanization and the eco-environment in the Tibetan Plateau region is of great significance for increasing the speed and quality of urbanization as well as restoring and improving the eco-environment.Based on a thorough look at the progress made by research on interactions between ur-banization and the eco-environment in the Tibetan Plateau region,this article attempts to construct a complete analytical model of the reciprocal influences that can achieve the whole process of analyzing evaluation indexes,quantifying coupling coordination,identifying cou-pling types,exploring decoupling paths,and predicting future trends.Using multi-scale analysis of the Tibetan Plateau and its provinces and prefecture-level units as a means of comparison,we attempt to clarify differences at different scales,identify problem areas and propose targeted improvement measures.The result shows that the urbanization evaluation indexes for the Tibetan Plateau at different scales rise in stages and that the urbanization index for Qinghai is higher than for Tibet;the changes in the eco-environment index of the two regions are also different,with a downward trend in Qinghai and a trend toward stability in Tibet,and with stratification in the eco-environment indexes of prefecture-level units;the de-gree of coupling coordination between urbanization and the eco-environment at different scales in the Tibetan Plateau region is increasing overall,with the type of coordination changing from uncoordinated deterioration to borderline uncoordinated deterioration,and ultimately changing into scarcely coordinated development,which basically puts the region into the logging urbanization category;and the urbanization and eco-environment indexes display a dynamic trend of alternating between strong decoupling and weak decoupling,in-dicating that there is a negative reciprocal influence between urbanization and eco-environment at different scales and that the phenomenon of passive urbanization is prominent.We predict that in the next 10 years,the system coupling coordination of prefec-ture-level units in the Tibetan Plateau region will steadily increase,but there will be significant discrepancies in the growth rates of different regions.