基于ASTER数据的金川铜镍矿床外围遥感找矿预测

为了对甘肃省金昌市金川铜镍矿床外围地区进行遥感找矿预测,首先根据ASTER数据不同波段的特性分别提取岩性信息和蚀变信息,对热红外(TIR)波段,在采用波段比值法定量提取二氧化硅含量的基础上,利用波段比值计算的岩性指数(lithological index,LI)定量提取基性-超基性岩信息;对可见光-近红外(VNIR)及短波红外(SWIR)波段,运用主成分分析法定性提取高岭土-绢云母化、绿泥石化和蛇纹石化等矿化蚀变信息;然后在ArcGIS平台上,对所提取的矿化蚀变信息进行量化定级和叠加处理,制作综合矿化蚀变异常信息图(其反映的异常范围和强度与已知矿区十分一致);最后利用综合矿化蚀变异常信息,对金川铜镍矿床外围地区进行找矿预测,共圈定出3个找矿预测区,可为寻找同类型的矿床提供参考。     

遥感影像成矿蚀变信息提取——以望湘—幕阜山为例

以望湘—幕阜山地区的蚀变信息提取研究为例,选用ETM＋和ASTER影像作为遥感数据源,采用主成分分析、波段比值分析等影像处理方法研究矿物蚀变信息提取,并基于GIS综合分析研究圈定出找矿靶区。     

结合PCA、多尺度分割及SVM的ASTER遥感蚀变信息提取

为了利用遥感影像进行更加精确的找矿预测,本文选择新疆东天山尾亚地区ASTER数据进行矿化蚀变信息提取方法研究。为了提高信息提取精度,本文提出了结合主成分分析(PCA)、多尺度分割和支持向量机(SVM)的遥感矿化蚀变信息提取方法。首先,分析ASTER数据的特征,选取各矿化蚀变信息的特征波段,对组合波段进行主成分分析,获得主分量图像;然后,对各主分量图像进行多尺度分割,并获得分割之后的均值图像;接着,提取训练样本,利用SVM对训练样本进行训练,采用试验方法求得最优核参数和松弛变量,构造最优SVM模型;最后,运用最优SVM模型完成矿化蚀变信息的提取。进行主成分分析时,铁染蚀变信息选择Band1、2、3、4组合,Al-OH基团蚀变信息选择Band 1、4、6、7组合,OH和CO32-基团蚀变信息采用Band 1、2、8、9组合。在运行SVM时采用了序列最小优化算法(SMO)进行求解,速度提高了12%。实验结果表明,与波段比值法、主成分分析法及基于光谱角和SVM的方法等3种方法相比,本文方法提取铁染蚀变信息、Al-OH基团蚀变信息及OH和CO32-基团蚀变信息的总体精度可达到87.98%、 90.01%及88.93%,Kappa系数分别为0.8011、0.8134及0.8023,与成矿区带、已知矿点和已有不同地质背景成矿特征相关性较好。     

基于ASTER数据的江拉昂宗铜多金属矿床矿化蚀变信息提取与分析

以西藏冈底斯成矿带中段江拉昂宗矽卡岩型铜多金属矿床作为研究区,基于ASTER遥感数据的多波段优势,应用比值法,对该矿区进行大理岩化、绿帘石化和透辉石化矿化信息的蚀变提取。在此基础上,建立蚀变对于成矿影响程度的判断,提高了遥感矿化蚀变信息识别精度。此方法应用性强,充分体现了此矿区及其外围蚀变规律,为江拉昂宗外围找矿提供了可靠依据。     

朱诺斑岩型铜矿蚀变信息提取方法比较

矿化蚀变信息的提取是遥感找矿中重要的内容,ASTER遥感数据因波段范围宽、波段多,在蚀变异常与矿产勘探中有较好的应用前景。本文在比较了前人的研究方法,如比值法、主成分分析法、光谱角法基础上,通过对西藏朱诺矿区进行试验研究,得出了在该研究区采用主成分分析法最佳的结论。     

基于主成分分析和分形模型的ASTER蚀变异常信息提取

遥感蚀变异常信息在一定程度上可以反映出围岩蚀变情况.为了利用遥感数据提取围岩蚀变异常信息,通过分析蚀变矿物的波谱曲线,首先得出其在ASTER各波段的吸收、反射特征;然后选择特征明显的波段做主成分分析,并依据其光谱特征与特征向量的对应关系,确定出主要包含围岩蚀变信息的主分量;最后对该分量用分形模型计算其异常灰度的阚值,来...     

Landsat8 OLI数据斑岩铜矿遥感蚀变矿物组合提取研究

Landsat8 OLI数据NIR波段(0. 845~0. 885μm)和SWIR2波段(2. 100~2. 300μm)波谱分辨率的提高,已分别成为含Fe~(3+)类、Al-OH类和Mg-OH类蚀变矿物的诊断性谱段。通过利用混合调制匹配滤波(mixture tuned matched filtering,MTMF)方法,开展多龙矿集区铁格隆远景区含Fe~(3+)类、Al-OH类和Mg-OH类蚀变矿物信息提取研究,并与Hyperion数据蚀变矿物信息提取结果进行对比分析。研究结果表明,基于Landsat8 OLI提取的3类蚀变矿物较为可靠;铁格隆远景区蚀变矿物组合的空间分布与斑岩铜矿经典蚀变分带特征基本吻合;遥感蚀变分带由内而外分别为绢英岩化+泥化带(Al-OH类蚀变矿物)和青磐岩化带(Mg-OH类蚀变矿物),Fe~(3+)矿物组合则分布在绢英岩化+泥化带和青磐岩化带之间或过渡带上。     

基于ETM~+和ASTER数据的矿化蚀变信息提取

选用ETM+和ASTER影像作为数据源,以西藏某矿区为例,在分析影像波谱特征的基础上,运用比值法、主成分分析等方法进行了矿化蚀变信息提取研究;对不同数据源提取的蚀变信息结果进行空间叠加分析,定量化地分析叠加蚀变信息,从而确定基于不同数据源、不同蚀变信息提取方法的综合蚀变异常信息,提高了矿化蚀变信息提取的准确性与可靠性。     

青海纳日贡玛斑岩型Cu–Mo矿床遥感蚀变异常提取与找矿预测

青海三江北段是我国重要的多金属成矿区带,具有形成大型、特大型金属矿床的赋存条件及地质背景。纳日贡玛矿床是该区带中最为典型的斑岩型Cu–Mo矿床。针对斑岩型矿床的典型蚀变分带特征,利用ASTER数据,采用Crosta技术和比值法进行高岭石化、青磐岩化、黄铁矿化和硅化等遥感蚀变异常信息的提取;通过对ASTER和QuickBird图像的遥感解译,获得花岗斑岩体和断裂构造的空间分布图;根据纳日贡玛矿床的成矿规律和控矿要素,利用遥感数据获得的找矿预测因子,圈定了8个具有良好找矿前景的遥感找矿预测区,并总结出纳日贡玛的遥感蚀变异常分带规律,可为三江北段成矿带中其他斑岩型Cu–Mo矿床的找矿勘查提供重要参考信息。     

PCA和布谷鸟算法优化SVM的遥感矿化蚀变信息提取

为了进一步提高遥感矿化蚀变信息提取的精度,本文提出了一种基于主成分分析PCA (Principal Component Analysis)和布谷鸟算法优化支持向量机SVM (Support Vector Machine)的遥感矿化蚀变信息提取方法。首先,通过波段比值法增强研究区遥感图像中的矿化蚀变信息,并获得比值图像;然后,对比值图像进行主成分分析,进而提取训练样本;接着,利用SVM对训练样本进行训练,同时采用布谷鸟算法求取SVM的最优核参数及惩罚因子,构造最优SVM模型;最后,运用最优SVM模型完成矿化蚀变信息提取。选择青海省五龙沟地区为研究区,提取羟基及铁染蚀变信息。实验结果表明,与主成分分析法、基于光谱角法和SVM的方法、基于粒子群和SVM的方法及基于波段比值、PCA和粒子群优化SVM的方法等4种方法相比,本文方法获得的遥感矿化蚀变信息和已知矿点的吻合度最高,提取效果最好。     

ASTER Data Analysis for Mineral Potential Mapping Around Sawar-Malpura Area, Central Rajasthan

Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) SWIR bands are used in identification of alteration zones which have developed during hydrothermal activity. Among the available methods of hyperspectral data analysis, PCA and RBD techniques are found to be useful in delineation of clay alteration and iron oxide zones. ASTER data analysis by PCA and RBD of (B5+B7)/B6 shows delineation of two distinct alteration zones with characteristic mineral assemblages viz. propylitic zone (chlorite, epidote, montmorillonite and calcite) and phyllic zone (illite, kaolinite, white mica and quartz). Iron oxide rich zones (gossans) have been delineated using ASTER band ratio technique (B2/B1). Geochemical dispersion of soil samples shows that Pb and Zn concentration is higher in phyllic and propylitic zones around Sawar and Malpura area respectively. Thus, ASTER data shows the potential in discrimination of metasedimentary rocks and delineation of alteration zones for targeting base metals around Sawar-Malpura area in central Rajasthan.     

基于ASTER的蛇绿混杂岩带岩性识别

本文运用ASTER遥感数据识别与提取新疆南天山铜花山地区蛇绿混杂岩带岩性信息。首先,利用比值法快速区别岩性,并比较了识别同一种岩性的不同指数的性能;然后,将对数残差算法应用在ASTER数据的短波红外波段上,在区域尺度上把蛇绿岩杂岩体同围岩区分开来;最后,运用标准光谱数据和光谱角填图法识别出多种蛇绿岩成分及其空间分布。现有地质图和野外验证反映出该方法有一定效果。利用混淆矩阵对光谱角填图法分类结果定量评价,结果表明,把ASTER的可见光-近红外、短波红外波段数据结合在一起进行岩性分类,可以达到比单独用短波红外数据分类更高的分类精度。     

Remote sensing of Carhuarazo volcanic complex using ASTER imagery in Southern Peru to detect alteration zones and volcanic structures – a combined approach of image processing in ENVI and ArcGIS/ArcScene

A combined approach to detect hydrothermal alteration zones and their mineral distribution is proposed for a relatively remote area around the Carhuarazo volcanic complex in southern Peru encompassing 2222 km². In this region, tertiary volcanic structures associated with hydrothermal alteration are well known to host epithermal ore deposits. We make an attempt to detect and to quantify alteration minerals based on spectral analysis using ASTER reflectance data product provided by LP-DAAC. Besides commonly used ratio images, mineral indices (MI) and relative band depth images (RBD), we also extracted endmember spectra using Pixel-Purity-Processing preceded by minimum noise fraction transformation. These spectra are thought to represent the spectrally purest pixel of the image and show the typical absorption features of the main constituents. Based on this assumption, we used different spectral analysis methods in order to extract the most important alteration minerals for such an environment. These minerals were then used for matched filter processing in areas showing high values in MIs and RBDs. Using this method, we detected and mapped argillic alteration and variations in the distribution of important minerals like alunite, kaolinite or nacrite. There were no indications for the presence of propilitization at ASTER spatial resolutions. Our method can be applied easily to any ASTER scene and provides information about the intensity of alteration and the character of alteration zones. The intensity is highest in the centre of the Carhuarazo volcanic complex and is mostly argillic with a high content of alunite, dickite and other clay minerals.     

Hydrothermal Alteration Mapping Using ASTER Data for Reconnaissance Porphyry Copper Mineralization in the Ahar Area, NW Iran

The Ahar area is located in East Azarbaijan province, and covers an area of about 2,500 km². Spectral mapping techniques were applied on VNIR and SWIR of ASTER data for discriminating between hydrothermal alteration zones and the identification of high potential mineralized lithological unit associated with hydrothermal porphyry copper mineralization in the Ahar. In this research to remove atmospheric and topographic effects from ASTER data, the log-residual method (LRM) was used. Four methods, Relative Band Depth Ratios (RBD), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) and matched filtering (MF), were used to processing and interpretation of remote sensing data in the study area. Results show that ASTER images provide preliminary mineralogy information and geo-referenced alteration maps at low cost and with high accuracy for reconnaissance porphyry copper mineralizations.     

Recognition of shallow karst water resources and cave potentials using thermal infrared image and terrain characteristics in semi-arid regions of Iran

Shallow karst water resources and caves may influence land surface temperatures due to cold transfer property of rocks and evaporation from buried karst. The objective of this research was to develop a method for recognition of karst areas based on evaluating the surface characteristics that manifest itself by low land surface temperature in the satellite images. Investigation of thermal ETM⁺ image of the study region in Iran showed that parts of carbonate rocks that bear karst water are relatively cooler compared to areas with similar terrain conditions. Relational modeling provided useful information on spatial distribution of areas that have the potential to hold karst water resources and/or caves. Further inspection of ASTER images, along with geotechnical, geophysical and geological field surveys verified the approach. Significant correlation was found between electrical resistivity and thermal band values. The method may be used as a primary exploratory tool for shallow karst water explorations in similar areas.     

Remote gully erosion mapping using aster data and geomorphologic analysis in the Main Ethiopian Rift

The Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) is an area of extreme topography underlain by post-Miocene volcanic rocks, Jurassic limestone and a Precambrian basement. A prime concern is the rapid expansion of wide gullies that are impinging on agricultural land. We investigate the potential contribution of Advanced Space-borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data and geomorphologic parameters to discern patterns and features of gully erosion in the MER. Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Minimum Distance (MD) classifiers are used to extract different gully shapes and patterns. Several spatial textures based on Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrices (GLCMs) are then generated. Afterwards, the same classifiers are applied to the ASTER data combined with the spatial texture information. We used geomorphologic parameters extracted from SRTM and ASTER DEMs to describe the geomorphologic setting and the gullies’ shapes. The classifications show accuracies varying between 67% and 89%. Maps derived from this quantitative analysis allow the monitoring and mapping of land degradation as a direct result of gully-widening. This study reveals the utility of combining ASTER data and spatial textural information in discerning areas affected by gully erosion.     

利用ASTER热红外遥感数据开展岩石化学成分填图的初步研究

ASTER遥感成像仪的发射提供了廉价的多光谱热红外数据,是热红外遥感数据的一个重要来源。ASU热红外光谱库提供了多种矿物的热红外发射率波谱的同时,还提供了矿物的化学成分即氧化物含量的分析结果。把ASU波谱库的矿物波谱重采样至ASTER各热红外波段,对矿物的波谱进行波段比值处理,与各矿物成分进行相关分析,选择波段比值与各氧化物含量最大相关系数,进行对数模拟,从而可以确定出发射率光谱与化学成分的数值关系。本文分别对SiO2,MgO,Al2O3,CaO,K2O,Na2O进行了数值分析及公式模拟。统计是根据各矿物做出的,模拟公式同样适用于岩石,进而可以在遥感热红外数据中得以应用。在四川省西范坪矿区利用模拟公式对SiO2,Na2O,K2O三种氧化物进行了岩石填图,在野外大部分得到了证实;利用SiO2进行了硅化蚀变带填图,在异常带内发现了砂岩型铜矿化。     

Remote gully erosion mapping using aster data and geomorphologic analysis in the Main Ethiopian Rift

The Main Ethiopian Rift(MER)is an area of extreme topography underlain by post-Miocene volcanic rocks,Jurassic limestone and a Precambrian basement.A prime concern is the rapid expansion of wide gullies that are impinging on agricultural land.We investigate the potential contribution of Advanced Space-borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer(ASTER)data and geomorphologic parameters to discern patterns and features of gully erosion in the MER.Maximum Likelihood Classifica-tion(MLC),Support Vector Machine(SVM),and Minimum Distance(MD)classifiers are used to extract different gully shapes and patterns.Several spatial textures based on Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrices(GLCMs)are then generated.Afterwards,the same classifiers are applied to the ASTER data combined with the spatial texture information.We used geomorphologic parameters ex-tracted from SRTM and ASTER DEMs to describe the geomorphologic setting and the gullies’ shapes.The classifications show accuracies varying between 67% and 89%.Maps derived from this quantitative analysis allow the monitoring and mapping of land degradation as a direct result of gully-widening.This study reveals the utility of combining ASTER data and spatial textural infor-mation in discerning areas affected by gully erosion.     

一种快速提取不透水面的新型遥感指数

首次采用复合波段的形式创建了归一化差值不透水面指数(normalized difference impervious surfaceindex,NDlSI).它可以用于大区域范围内快速、自动地提取不透水面信息.通过Landsat ETM 和ASTER两种影像的实验证明,新的指数能够有效地增强不透水面信息,并具有较高的提取精度.