地震带与地震统计区关系探究

总结和分析了中国地震带划分的研究历史、目的和用途、划分原则、表现形式以及基本特点,指出地震带是以地震活动性区域划分研究为目的,它不同于概率地震危险性方法中的地震统计区的概念．文中对地震统计区概念及其演化历史进行了分析和论述,认为地震统计区与地震带在统计意义、物理内涵、层次性、划分规模的要求、对空间重叠的排斥性以及划分目的和用途等方面,均存在较大差异．现行工作中将两者不加区分地使用是不合适的, 一方面造成地震统计区未形成自身的适应概率地震危险性分析方法的划分理论,另一方面也造成以地震活动特征和地震孕育发生环境、机制研究为目的的地震带划分研究的停滞不前．文中最后指出,地震统计区划分是以地震带划分研究为基础,它产生并服务于考虑地震活动时空不均匀性的概率地震危险性分析方法,应将其与地震带概念加以明确区分,并加强其划分原则、理论和方法的研究．     

Interrelation between seismicity parameters and delimiting potential seismic sources in a seismic statistical region and its influence on seismic risk estimation

In the paper, we have discovered the abnormal area distribution features of maximum variation values of ground motion parameter uncertainty with different probabilities of exceedance in 50 years within the range of 100°～120°E,29°～42°N for the purpose to solve the problem that abnormal areas of maximum variation values of ground motion parameter uncertainties emerge in a certain cities and towns caused by seismicity parameter uncertainty in a seismic statistical region in an inhomogeneous distribution model that considers tempo-spatial nonuniformity of seismic activity. And we have also approached the interrelation between the risk estimation uncertainty of a site caused by seismicity parameter uncertainty in a seismic statistical region and the delimitation of potential sources, as well as the reasons for forming abnormal areas. The results from the research indicate that the seismicity parameter uncertainty has unequal influence on the uncertainty of risk estimation at each site in a statistical region in the inhomogeneous distribution model, which relates to the scheme for delimiting potential sources. Abnormal areas of maximum variation values of ground motion parameter uncertainty often emerge in the potential sources of Mu≥8 (Mu is upper limit of a potential source) and their vicinity. However, this kind of influence is equal in the homogeneous distribution model. The uncertainty of risk estimation of each site depends on its seat. Generally speaking, the sites located in the middle part of a statistical region are only related to the seismicity parameter uncertainty of the region, while the sites situated in or near the juncture of two or three statistical regions might be subject to the synthetic influences of seismicity parameter uncertainties of several statistical regions.     

Interrelation among several important links in seismic risk analysis

Introduction In the probability analysis method of seismic risk considering time-space inhomogeneity of seismic activity and adopted commonly in China (State Seismological Bureau, 1996) (called in-homogeneous distribution model for short), the division of seismic statistical regions, delimitation of potential seismic sources and estimation of seismicity parameters are the main links that affect significantly the estimation of ground motion parameters of a site. HUANG and WU (2005) studied …     

玉溪-临沧剖面宽角地震探测——红河断裂带及滇南地壳结构研究

云南位于南北地震带南段,地震活动具有频度高、强度大的特点,中小地震几乎遍及云南南部,是中国大陆内部地震活动最强的地区之一.滇南地区跨越多个重要的地质构造单元和多条地震带,其中红河断裂带是跨越该地区的一条大型的走滑断裂带,作为印支地块和华南地块两大地块的分界断裂,对人们认识板块相互运动及其深部动力学背景具有重要意义.中国地震局于2010年启动了"中国地震科学台阵探测--南北地震带南段"项目,在云南省中西部跨越红河断裂带布设一条近东西向的深地震宽角反射/折射探测剖面,本文利用该东西向深地震宽角反射/折射剖面来研究红河断裂带及滇南地区详细的地壳结构及其孕震背景.研究结果表明:沿测线地壳结构呈西薄东厚的特征,以红河断裂带为界,断裂带以西地壳较薄,约34 km,以东地壳加厚至44 km左右;红河断裂带两侧速度结构具有明显的差异,断裂带西侧速度较低,东侧速度明显偏高.由震相特征及获取的地壳结构可以看出,红河断裂带两侧由浅至深速度结构的异常特征说明该古缝合带两侧块体地壳结构岩性的巨大差异性.     

河套带、汾渭带中等地震活动平静对中强地震的指示意义

以相邻2次地震的时间间隔作为统计量,对河套带、汾渭带1976年以来的地震活动平静异常进行了统计检验.结果表明河套带、特别是汾渭带中强地震之前大范围内中等地震活动的异常平静现象是明显的,河套带、张渤带发生的5次6级以上强震有4次发生在平静异常结束或在平静过程中.目前该区域中等地震平静时间已远远超过历史统计的最长时间间隔,未来一段时间河套带、张渤带及邻区存在发生强震的可能性.     

沿地震带地震迁移的有序特征

对大华北的山西、燕山、华北平原和长江中下游地震带内的地震迁移规律、各带地震的迁移速度和地震序列特征进行研究,结果表明,各地震带是有机地联系在一起的,形成个统一体。     

中国大陆东南沿海地震带地震迁移规律

用一种新思路、新方法研究了中国大陆东南沿海地震带地震的迁移，结果表明其具有由东向西定向迁移的规律，其各个迁移过程的迁移速度也相对稳定，平均值为４２ｋｍ／ａ，这为该带地震活动的动力源和目前可能的地震危险区提供了一定的依据。     

Geodynamics of the Chersky seismic belt

The geodynamics of the Chersky seismic belt is discussed, based on seismic and geologic evidence, as well as on heat-flow and deep-structure analyses. The belt stretches across Northeast Asia from the Laptev Sea to the Komandorskie Islands. It forms a boundary between the Eurasian, North American and Sea of Okhotsk plates. The concept of the relationship between the belts seismicity and the Moma rift system is not supported. The belt is currently undergoing compression generated by the sublatitudinal convergence of the North American and Eurasian plates.     

新版地震区划图地震活动性模型与参数确定

地震活动性模型和地震动预测模型是概率地震危险性分析的两个核心。在新版地震区划图中,依据板内地震活动空间不均匀性分布的特点,在概率地震危险性分析方法(CPSHA)中采用了由地震统计区、背景潜在震源区和构造潜在震源区构成的三级层次性潜在震源区模型,并构建了相应的地震活动性模型。本文在论述CPSHA方法及其地震活动性模型基本概念的基础上,重点介绍了新版地震区划图地震活动性模型的三级潜在震源区模型的构成、地震活动性假定和基本特点,同时,也对新版地震区划图地震活动性模型的重要参数确定思路、方法与结果进行了介绍。本文将为更好地认识与理解我国新版地震动参数区划图提供有益的参考。     

华北地区地震带活跃时段相关性分析

通过对1485年以来山西地震带、河北平原地震带及郯庐地震带5级以上地震时序的分析,认为这三个地震带活跃时段依次滞后,并且对滞后原因进行了探讨;之后对1900年以来三地震带作时序分析,认为山西地震带和河北平原地震带彼此交替活跃,郯庐带与河北平原带则同步活跃。山西地震带ML4级以上地震与山东内陆5级左右地震相关性较好,山东...     

Influence of uncertainty in delimitation of seismic statistical zone on results of PSHA

The seismic hazard of research area is evaluated by probabilistic analysis method for three different seismic statistical zone scenarios.The influence of uncertainty in seismic statistical zone delimiting on the evaluation result is discussed too.It can be seen that for those local sites along zone‘s border or within areas with vast change of upper bound magnitude among different scenarios the influence on seismic hazard result should not be neglected.     

地震安评中地震活动性的统计区域与b值

本文讨论我国现行地震安全性评价中,地震活动性研究统计区域的选择及b值计算中存在的问题,提出不一定以地震区带作为统计区域的建议。文中同时指出,累计b值的正确概念应该是无震级上限累计b值,应采用迭代回归计算。文中用实际例子说明作者的建议。     

论汶川8．0级地震前的地震活动及趋势估计问题

本文对汶川8．0级地震前南北地震带大震轮回、首发大震、地震平静或空区、地震条带等地震活动图像在震前分析的基础上就地震预测问题进行了思考。地震活动图像在蕴震过程或阶段的估计只能是背景或中期预测的意义。同时指出区域地震活动图像在大范围多构造区的蕴震态分析中的复杂性。     

余震时空丛集对概率地震危险性分析的影响

本文以东北、华北及川滇地区为例,系统研究了余震时空丛集对概率地震危险性分析的影响.采用基于传染型余震序列模型（ETAS）的蒙特卡罗模拟方法,模拟了包含余震和不包含余震的两套地震序列,然后以模拟地震目录为基础输入,采用基于空间光滑地震活动性模型的地震危险性分析方法计算了两套地震危险性结果——PGA（Peak Ground Acceleration,峰值加速度）,通过分析比较这两套PGA的绝对差值和相对差值来研究余震时空丛集对概率地震危险性分析的影响.研究结果表明余震对50年超越概率10%地震危险性计算结果的影响均值为6%左右,最大可达10%,并且随着超越概率水平的提高,余震影响也越大.弱地震活动区余震对概率地震危险性分析的影响要高于强地震活动区.研究结果还进一步揭示两套PGA结果绝对差值的最大值约为15 cm·s^-2,且出现在高PGA区,这意味着余震对概率地震危险性计算结果不会产生显著影响.因此在地震区划或一般性地震危险性分析中可考虑不用删除余震.

     

基于地震带细致划分为地震构造区的概率地震危险性分析

在我国当前地震安全性评价中,普遍使用考虑地震活动时空不均匀性的概率地震危险性分析方法(CP-SHA),它规定以地震带为统计区域计算地震活动性参数b值和v4值。正在编制的中国地震动区划图(五代图)提出了针对潜在震源区进行三级划分原则:划分地震带、地震带上划分地震构造区、地震构造区内再划分潜在震源区。本文提出以地震构造区为统计区域回归统计方法计算b值和v4值,然后进行概率危险性分析计算,这样得到的结果可能更为合理。     

中国大陆邻区的地震活动和中国大陆地震的关系

研究了３个方面的问题，一是中国大陆周边４个地震带地震活跃期与中国大陆地震活跃期的准同步性和它们目前的活动水平；二是欧亚地震带西部与中国大陆的地震活动呈出现明显的超前或滞后性；三是中国大陆邻区６个地震区的强震与中国大陆活跃期的开始或与中国大陆强震的对应关系。     

地震带划分方案对地震活动性参数的影响

根据四川及邻区的地震构造背景、地震活动特征等,相对于《中国地震动参数区划图(2001)》采用的大尺度地震带划分方案("大带方案"),在较小尺度上划分出了川滇块体地震带、甘南川北地震带、四川盆地地震带("小带方案").采用相同的原则和方法,分别统计得出了"大带方案"、"小带方案"的地震活动性参数.对比分析表明,在同一地区,不同的地震带划分方案将得到代表不同地震活动水平的地震活动性参数.大尺度地震带划分方案很可能低估高震级档地震的年发生率.采用小尺度的地震带划分方案,可以更加真实地反映区域的地震活动的水平,较好体现控制建筑物抗倒塌的地震作用的水平,有利于编制更为真实、安全的抗倒塌区划图.     

Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis: Early history

Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) is the evaluation of annual frequencies of exceedence of ground motion levels (typically designated by peak ground acceleration or by spectral accelerations) at a site. The result of a PSHA is a seismic hazard curve (annual frequency of exceedence vs ground motion amplitude) or a uniform hazard spectrum (spectral amplitude vs structural period, for a fixed annual frequency of exceedence). Analyses of this type were first conceived in the 1960s and have become the basis for the seismic design of engineered facilities ranging from common buildings designed according to building codes to critical facilities such as nuclear power plants. This Historical Note traces the early history of PSHA. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Evidence for periodic seismicity in the inner Aegean seismic zone

The most complete and reliable data of strong (M _s6.5), shallow (h<70 km) earthquakes which occurred in the inner Aegean seismic zone have been utilized to describe its seismicity time variation during 1800–1986 by two independent statistical models. The first is a sequentially stationary model of seismicity rates which shows that intervals of low seismicity rate, lasting for some 37 years, alternate with high rate intervals of 8–12 years duration. The second model is a statistical model according which seismic energy released within 5-year time windows approximates a harmonic curve within a period of about 50 years. This model is in agreement with the notion that the time series of strong earthquake occurrences in the inner Aegean seismic zone consists of a random (shocks withM _s=6.5–6.8) and a nonrandom component (M _s6.9). Maxima and minima of the harmonic curve coincide with the high and low rate intervals, respectively. A model of regional stationary accumulation of thermal stresses along certain seismic belts and their cyclic relaxation may explain this periodicity.     

中国大陆地震条带统计特征分析

对中国大陆具备相对完整资料的327次M≥5.0地震,分5个工作区进行了统一要求的地震条带图像扫描,发现96次中强震前存在条带图像,约占研究地震总数的29％.其中震前有条带地震与研究地震的比例分别为:华北地区30％,华东南区29％,川滇地区41％,青藏高原西北缘24％,新疆地区16 ％.中强震前出现条带比例最低的是新疆,...