拉萨岩土工程勘察回顾

本文论述勘查区地质、水文地质条件和工程地质特征.通过岩土工程勘察和实地调查,该区一是地形险峻、地质环境复杂.二是气象、水文条件多变.在极端恶劣的环境完成4项优秀工程地质勘察成果报告,关键在于岩土工程勘察过程中进行了实地调研和资料收集等工作,才能取得较理想的效果.     

湖南化工地质工程勘察院

湖南化工地质工程勘察院（湖南省化工地质岩土工程公司）成立于1974年，是直属中国化工集团的在湘单位，是集岩土工程勘察、岩土工程施工和固体矿产勘查三位于一体的综合性专业队伍。拥有岩土工程勘察综合甲级、工程测量与岩土工程咨询甲级、测绘乙级、地基与基础工程专业承包贰级等专业资质。     

西安城市区工程地质环境与岩土工程勘察特点探讨

对西安城市区工程地质环境进行了分区 ,论述了各区的工程地质环境特征 ,分析了各区岩土工程勘察的特点 ,评价了各区作为拟建工程场地与地基的条件 ,提出了利用、整治和改造岩土的可能方案与措施     

上海市城市地质勘察工作综述

上海市城市地质勘察工作综述林崇宇（中国船舶工业总公司勘察研究院）１工程地质与岩土工程近十几年来上海进行了大量工程地质勘察。进入９０年代，勘察部门由单一工程勘察，逐渐转为岩土工程勘察。加之测试技术、室内土工试验和钻探技术的不断改进和发展，各勘察单位又自...     

峰峰矿区岩土工程勘察中几个问题的探讨

根据峰峰矿区工业及民用建筑的岩土工程特征,以及在岩土工程勘察中所遇到的诸如由地形地貌产生的不良工程地质现象、特殊地质体等问题,认为在岩土工程勘察中,不仅要研究勘察场地的工程地质条件,而且要重视周围地质条件的宏观研究,同时建议建立岩土工程勘察档案数据库,为今后岩土工程勘察成果的使用、以及正确确定勘察手段奠定基础。     

试论中小型地质工程“三分勘察七分经验”

作为服务于地质工程设计和施工基本工作的工程地质勘察,先进理论、技术方法和类似工程的经验等支撑起了它有序开展。然而,在复杂地质条件下,常因揭露出不良地质体和诸多诱发因素存在而导致施工地质灾害,使得中小型地质工程中勘察实物工作量和工程地质分析为主的经验必须有机结合,即业界俗称"三分勘察七分经验"。如何科学认识和合理实施此对策?在学习吸收前人综合集成理论等基础上,本文试着将工程地质勘察同中医诊治进行对比,提出了正算(归纳总结)反演(假说演绎加典型类比)相结合的思想。结合北方某高速公路边坡施工中发生破坏的案例,从教训剖析中揭示复杂地质条件下中小型地质工程勘察理论和经验紧密结合的必要性和可操作性。本文研究结果为深入认识勘察实物工作量的合理性、基础代表性,专家经验的正确性和地区制约性等,提供了可资参考的资料和案例分析结果。     

上海地区地质条件对地铁工程造价的影响

以上海地区地质条件作为研究背景,探讨其对降低地铁工程造价的影响.全文从上海地区浅层土的工程性质、岩土工程勘察的准确性、盾构法隧道施工前的环境调查与工程地质勘察问题对软土地区地铁工程造价的影响进行了分析研究,并列举了降低隧道工程造价的实例.文中所探讨的内容对软土地区特定的地质条件下如何优化设计、降低地铁工程造价有较好的参考价值.     

浅谈岩土工程勘察报告的编写工作

岩土工程勘察报告是工程地质勘察的最终成果。报告是否能正确反映场地的工程地质条件和岩土工程特点,关系到工程设计和建筑施工是否安全可靠、措施得当、经济合理。工程项目在不同的工作阶段,报告反映的内容和侧重点也有所不同,工业与民用建筑的岩土工程勘察报告侧重于详细勘察阶段。以成都平原地区报告编写为例,说明了勘察报告的编制程序、对工作及勘察成果的论述方法及图表的说明技巧等。     

湖南湘煤地质工程勘察有限公司 湖南省煤炭地质勘查院

湖南湘煤地质工程勘察有限公司（湖南省煤炭地质勘查院）1986年成立，是湖南省煤田地质局进行产业结构调整而组建的从事煤炭地质、其他矿产地质、岩土工程、水文地质、工程测量、环境地质、矿井设计与安全评价的队伍。公司技术力量雄厚，各类专业技术人员共计147人，占总人数的56％。其中43人具有高级职称，     

塔里木大沙漠工程地质勘察初步研究

本文从沙漠的地形特征,岩土体及地下水分布特征探讨了沙漠地区工程地质勘察的特点。最后指出了勘察的四个阶段及特点。     

勉略宁地区区域地质背景,矿床类型及其成矿特点

以地质演化为基础,从沉积－构造－岩浆－变质－成矿作用角度进行综合对比分析,提出煎茶岭—七里店和黑木林—峡口驿两大构造岩浆带对勉略宁地区矿床起主控作用, 认为各类型矿床成矿作用与先存基底岩石有成生关系, 将矿床形成时代统一在秦岭陆－陆碰撞时限范围, 对该地区地质找矿工作及矿床理论研究进行了讨论。     

SOME CORRELATIONS BETWEEN THE GEOLOGY OF CHINA PROPER AND THE GEOLOGY OF MONGOLIA

During the summer of 1930 we had. thanks to the Central Asiatic Expedition led by Dr. R.C. Andrews, a splendid opportunity for studying the geological formations of SE. Gobi, along the Kalgan-Urga trail, South and     

THE GEOLOGY IN EASTERN SHANTUNG

INTRODUCTION Eastern Shantung is particularly interesting for the study of Mesozoic formations. In this region we not only find good sections and a fairly     

GEOLOGY OF THE ANGARA REGION

Industrial development of the Angara region has necessitated geological exploration for available resources. The Angara River flows north from Lake Baikal, intersecting the mountains surrounding it; passes through the 'Irkutsk Amphitheater, ' part of the central Siberian platform; and, near Bratsk, flows across a diabase intrusion, forming the Bratsk rapids (approximately 300 kilometers long). The Angara river basin is underlain by crystalline basement (the Siberian craton) composed of schists, gneisses, marble, and Archean and Proterozoic granites. These rocks dip sharply from the Sayan and Baikal ranges, where they outcrop, toward the Irkutsk Amphitheater, where they reach 3000 meters depth. The craton is covered by sediments ranging in age from Cambrian to Quaternary. Lower Cambrian rocks over 2500 meters thick are overlain by Middle Cambrian strata which are generally eroded. In the Irkutsk coal basin, north of Lake Baikal, Mesozoic rocks 600 meters thick are covered unconformably by Tertiary sediments. Quaternary deposits are known to occur; the Angara River terraces are probably pre-Quaternary. Regional tectonics involved fracturing within the Irkutsk Amphitheature and in the surrounding mountains. Geophysical survey and drilling revealed a wide horizontal protrusion (the 'Angara swell') in the Siberian craton; this protrusion divides the Irkutsk Amphitheater in the Pre-Baikal and Pre-Sayan depressions. Overlying Cambrian sediments are folded in conformity with these basement-complex dislocations. Jurassic deposits, generally horizontal, are disturbed only near the younger uplifts of Sayan and Baikal. The southwestern part of a large trap-rock intrusion crosses the Irkutsk Amphitheater; concordant intrusions, e. g. sills, entered lower Paleozoic sediments along with dikes, during late Permian and, principally, Triassic times. Mineral deposits are rich and varied: Precambrian rocks contain magnetic iron ore (of the Krivoy Rog type); talc; magnesite; pure crystalline limestone; and, possibly, phosphates. Paleozoic rocks contain large marine and lacustrine salt deposits, gypsum, phosphatized shell rock, and, possibly, oil: as well as carbonaceous rocks with lead and zinc minerals. Hydrogen-sulfide -saturated and saline mineral waters as well as subsurface water with high potassium content occur in Cambrian rocks. Siberian trap rocks are rich in magnesium and iron; magnesium-magnetite ores occur in volcanic necks as large veins of pure ore, associated with tuffs and aureoles. Trap rock (diabase) may be used in the new stone-melting industry. Jurassic deposits include saprolitic-bog and humus coals as well as extensive fire-clay and high-quality kaolin deposits. Cambrian fossils include trilobite and brachiopod remains, reefs, and molluscs; fish, insects, ostracods, and numerous fossil plant traces, are representative of the Mesozoic. The Angara River terraces, 25 to 30 meters thick, contain mammal remains, brackish-water molluscs, and, from the Middle Paleolithic, Azilian and Solutrean artifacts. -- D. D. Fisher     

工程地质学的大成综合理论

工程地质学工作大多涉及系统工程问题,综合集成应是必需的技术路线.多元知识,即多学科的综合集成道路已得到普遍共识.作者提出,工程地质学需要发展大成综合理论,即多源知识的综合集成.钱学森在研究复杂巨系统中考虑到推理、经验和实测信息的集成,并称之为大成综合(Meta-Synthesis).本文从工程地质实践出发,指出大成综合...     

ON THE GEOLOGY OF THE MIRNYY STATION AREA

The U. S. S. R. -IGY Antarctic station, Mirnyy [66°31'S. 93°E.], is situated on four outcrops of Precambrian charnockitic granite, crystalline schist, and gneiss. The four mounds contain numerous angular xenoliths, generally dark schist and gneiss, denoting a palingenetic origin for the bedrock. Quartz veins and sulfide mineralization indicate later hydrothermal activity. The mounds are cut by two major fissure systems perpendicular to each other and several secondary fissure systems. In general, the offshore islands (the Haswell Islets) and the mounds are similar to the ancient Antarctic shield and are, therefore, considered to be a part of it. --Editor.     

西安城市建设中的几个工程地质和环境地质问题

大规模工程建设给城市提出了新的工程地质和环境工程问题.本文简要介绍了西安城市建设中的几个工程地质问题,以期引起对类似城市地质环境问题的重视和研究.     

浏阳市城区第四系及其基底地质和工程地质

总结了浏阳市城区第四系的分布范围、厚度、韵律(层序)及其阶地分布;指出了其基底风化残余粘土层的厚度变化、岩溶现象和断裂发育情况;探讨了与之有关的工程地质注意事项。     

OUTLINE OF THE GEOLOGY OF KOREA

A database on a number of elements in oceanic volcanic rocks is presented, including the principal major-element oxides-SiO₂, TiO₂, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃(T), MnO, MgO, CaO, Na₂O, K₂O, and P₂O₅ (where T refers to total iron)–and the trace elements–Ba, Ce, Cr, Cu, Ni, Sc, Sr, V, Pb (mainly by isotope dilution), Yb, Zn, and Zr. Interpretations are given for transition metals, with emphasis on Mn, Sc, and V, in order to determine the concentration of the elements in primitive melts and assess their trends in magmatic differentiation. Transition metals are not enriched in plagioclase, so all are incompatible with pure plagioclase removal–that is, they become enriched in the melt. Both Cr and Ni are known to be highly compatible with olivine separation-i.e., they are depleted in the melt early in differentiation. Also, Sc is compatible with clinopyroxene (Cpx) removal from the melt and is depleted by separation of Cpx. Copper does not fit well in any of the principal silicates, but Cu, like Ni, is greatly enriched in sulfides that may remain in the source or separate from the magma. Decreasing Ni abundances and increasing Cu contents during differentiation are a sign of olivine separation. In the analysis presented herein, V–in the absence of Cpx separation–is found to behave remarkably like the moderately incompatible element Zn, and these two elements add to the list of element pairs of similar incompatibility whose ratios are insensitive to differentiation and to submarine weathering as well. Both are enhanced in titanomagnetite, so both would be compatible during titanomagnetite separation. When Cpx separates, however, V becomes compatible like Sc, but Zn remains incompatible. Thus, decreasing V (and Sc) contents and increasing Zn contents during differentiation are a sign of Cpx separation. Manganese often behaves much like Zn and therefore is moderately incompatible, but Mn is less compatible than Zn and V in titanomagnetite. Thus, decreasing Zn and V with increasing Mn is an indication of titanomagnetite removal. Dual compatible and incompatible trends with differentiation are found chiefly for Cu, Sc, and Sr. Distinguishing mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB), oceanic-island volcanic rocks (OIV), and island-arc volcanic rocks (IAV) may be accomplished by plots of Ce/Yb versus Ba/Ce, where OIV plot to higher values of Ce/Yb than do MORB, and IAV data plot to higher values of Ba/Ce than do those of MORB. These ratios do not seem to be significantly affected by submarine weathering.