地下水环境监测是保护水环境的重要手段——以某输油管线及油泵站污染监测与治理为例

通过地下水环境监测,发现了冲洪积扇区含水层中存在的油污染晕,进而沿其污染途径逆向反推,查明了上游山区存在的隐蔽性污染源。通过治理,切断了油污染源,地表水和地下水环境中的石油类浓度逐渐降低直至满足环境标准值,取得了显著的环境效益。     

世界水日——触目惊心的全球水环境

刚刚过去的3月22日,是全球第18个"世界水日".3月22-28日是第二十三届"中国水周".联全国确定2010年"世界水日"的主题是"关注水质、抓住机遇、应对挑战"(Communicating Water Quality Challenges and Opportunities).     

基于非线性动力学模型的旅游生态容量分析

近年来,大量增加的游客给景区的旅游生态容量带来了较大的压力,矛盾日渐突出。为了实现景区的环境保护与可持续发展,研究游客活动量与景区旅游生态容量之间的关系是十分必要的。本文从非线性动力学观点出发,构建二者非线性动力学模型,并进行平衡态分析。研究结果表明:(1)系统要达到可持续发展,必须建立在景区环境的自我更新能力及人工恢复程度之和大于外界污染水平,且游客的增长率必须保持在较低水平的基础上;(2)景区旅游生态容量的承载力是有限的,所能容纳的游客也是有限的,超过一定的限度就会引起生态系统失衡。采取严格控制游客量,加强对景区内外环境的保护和改善、提升游客素养等措施,对于系统的协调发展至关重要。     

基于遥感信息的新安江水文模型参数推求方法——以老灌河流域为例

我国水文气象站少且空间分布不均衡,水文模型参数难以获取极大限制了其在防洪预警中的应用。针对新安江水文模型在无水文资料地区应用的局限性,本文提出了一种基于遥感信息的新安江模型参数推求方法,实现了可率定的模型参数的推求:利用土壤特性与土地覆被遥感信息推求流域张力水蓄水容量;基于流域土地覆被遥感信息提取不透水面积比;利用流域土壤特性及叶面积指数遥感影像间接推算流域自由水蓄水容量。利用本文方法推求了老灌河流域新安江水文模型参数并进行了日径流模拟,实验结果表明,流域水文模拟中利用遥感信息推求出的模型参数的准确性可以达到80%以上。     

水资源开发利用引起的环境负效应——以玛纳斯河流域为例

通过对玛纳斯河流域环境负效应研究,确定了水资源开发利用过程中引起环境负效应的制约因子,引入地下水动态均衡方法进行半定量分析,明确地下水量的变化为引起环境负效应的直接因素,为定量进行水资源综合开发与利用、防止环境负效应的产生提供方法和依据。     

乡村内源式发展动力机制研究——以临沂市兰陵县代村社区为例

某些地区,片面强调政府主导、资源下乡的乡村治理往往内源动力不足,村民增收乏力。在乡村内源发展的理论渊源分析基础上,从本土化的社会动员、依托本土可持续资源、发挥农民主体地位等方面挖掘乡村发展的内生动力,构建内源式乡村发展理论框架,总结了内源式发展的4个关键要素,即社区组织、乡土资源与文化、村民参与、利益分配机制。结合临沂市代村社区的发展实例,对乡村内源式发展的理论框架和动力机制进行实证研究。     

一种基于移位寄存器的脉冲信号分配电路

本文通过对几种典型的脉冲信号分配方案的分析,提出了一种脉冲信号直接分配方案。该方案无需外部提供地址信号,即可实现脉冲信号的有序分配。     

基于城乡统筹的土地综合整治研究——以沈阳市为例

正统筹城乡经济社会发展是指导中国现代化建设的重要战略思想,是打破中国城乡二元结构的根本出路和重要途径。研究土地综合整治,对于城乡统筹发展、保证粮食安全、保障农村良好生产和生活环境、城市产业结构优化升级等方面具有一定现实意义。本文以沈阳市为例,在系统的科学分析基础上,总结土地整治工作实践,探索土地整治路径和策略,为沈阳市及其他城市开展土地整治工作、促进城乡统筹发展,提供了理论依据和现     

基于区域尺度的城市承载力评价研究——以上海市为例

在城市化带来交通拥堵、生态失衡及环境污染等诸多问题的背景下,开展城市承载力研究,对于保证城市的全面、协调、可持续发展具有重要意义.本文将传统的承载力评价研究方法与互联网大数据下的兴趣点和空间路网数据相结合,建立了上海市承载力评价指标体系.运用信息论中的熵方法,对上海市各区域的承载力进行了评价和分析.结果表明,上海市各地...     

基于层次分析法的浅层地温能适宜性研究——以南宁市为例

浅层地温能是一种可再生的新型绿色能源,也是一种特殊的矿产资源,利用前景广阔。文章根据南宁市地形地貌、气候特征、水文地质特征、地温场分布,对南宁市浅层地温能资源赋存状况进行了分析,并运用层次分析法确定了浅层地温能适宜性分区评价体系中的各评价指标的权重。在此基础上,基于GIS平台的空间分析模块进行地下水水源热泵和地埋管土壤源热泵适宜性分区研究。结果显示,地下水式地源热泵适宜区面积为109.8 km2,集中在地下水丰富、回灌能力强的地区;地埋管地源热泵适宜区面积为108.8 km2,分布在施工条件较好,并且岩土综合热传导系数和比热容较大的地区,这些地区地层的换热能力和蓄热能力较强,钻进条件良好,开发利用的经济效益较好。     

ON REGIONAL DIFFERENTIATION OF RIVER WATER ENVIRONMENT CAPACITY AND STRATEGIES TO CONTROL WATER ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION IN CHINA

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STUDIES ON ENVIRONMENTAL BACKGROUND VALUES IN CHINA

An investigation on environmental background values was made in an area of about 1,140,000 km2, which included temperate and subtropical zones of China. The environmental background values of 142 soil environment units, 18 main soil types, 87 surface water environment units, 8 aquatic organism environment units and 20 underground water environment units were obtained. The rules, causes and effecting factors of regional differentiation of the environmental background values were deduced from over 200,000 various data.     

济宁市采煤塌陷地土地复垦工程水资源配置研究

由于采煤塌陷造成大面积耕地损毁,为恢复农业生产和改善生态环境,应实施采煤塌陷地土地复垦工程,而水资源配置是顺利实施复垦工程的重要前提。该文以济宁市采煤塌陷地土地复垦工程项目为例,分析了工程实施前后取水水源、用水量变化、水源配置和供需平衡,提出了"因地制宜、分质供水"的原则,为在其他采煤塌陷土地复垦区做好水资源保障提供了借鉴。     

Industrial and agricultural effects on water environment and its optimization in heavily polluted area in Taihu Lake Basin, China

The deteriorating water quality in the Taihu Lake Basin has attracted widespread attention for many years, and is correlated with a sharp increase in the quantity of pollutant discharge such as agricultural fertilizers and industrial wastewater. In this study, several factors were selected for evaluating and regionalizing the water environmental capacity by ArcGIS spatial analysis, including geomorphologic characteristics, water quality goals, water body accessibility, water-dilution channels, and current water quality. Then, the spatial optimization of agriculture and industry was adjusted through overlay analysis, based on the balance between industrial space and water environmental capacity. The results show that the water environmental capacity gradually decreases from the west to the east, in contrast, the pollution caused by industrial and agricultural clustering is distributes along Taihu Lake, Gehu Lake and urban districts. The analysis of the agricultural space focuses on optimizing key protected areas of the Taihu Lake Basin, and the shores of Gehu Lake, optimally adjusting the second protected areas of the Taihu Lake Basin, and generally adjusting the urban areas of Changzhou and Wuxi cities. The analysis of industrial space focuses on optimizing the downtowns of Changzhou and Wuxi cities, optimally adjusting key protected areas and second protected areas of the Taihu Lake Basin, and generally adjusting the south and southwest of Gehu Lake. Lastly, some schemes of industrial and agricultural layouts and policies for the direction of industrial and agricultural development were proposed, reflecting a correlation between industry and agriculture and the water environment.     

Biotic and Abiotic Conditions Can Change the Reproductive Allocation of Zostera marina Inhabiting the Coastal Areas of North China

The relationships between reproductive allocation and different factors have been widely recognized for terrestrial plants, but scarcely for marine angiosperms. Focusing on the seagrass Zostera marina, we examined the change in biomass when it was partitioned to growth, vegetative propagation and reproductive allocation of Z. marina. We also evaluated the relationships between reproductive allocation and biotic and abiotic conditions in the coastal areas of north China. The results indicated that the reproductive allocation of Z. marina at the levels of genet, shoot and spathe was positively correlated with shoot characteristics such as height and biomass(P < 0.01), but was negatively correlated with branch number and leaf number per genet(P < 0.01). In addition, the allocation was also affected by other abiotic factors such as water column phosphate concentration(P < 0.05) and sediment total petroleum(P < 0.01). These findings indicated that both biotic and abiotic conditions significantly influenced the reproductive allocation of Z. marina, which may affect further the population dynamics.     

Application of multivariate model based on three simulated sensors for water quality variables estimation in Shitoukoumen Reservoir,Jilin Province,China

This study applied a multivariate model based on three simulated sensors to estimating water quality variables in Shitoukoumen Reservoir, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China, including concentration of total suspended matter, concentration of chlorophyll-a and non-pigment matter absorption. Two field campaigns for spectra measurements with a total of 40 samples were carried out on June 13 and September 23, 2008. The in-situ spectra were recalculated to the spectral bands and sensitivities of the instruments applied in this paper, i.e. Landsat TM, Alos and P6, by using the average method. And the recalculated spectra were used for estimating water quality variables by the single model and multivariate model. The results show that the multivariate model is superior to the single model as the multivariate model takes the combined effects of water components into consideration and can estimate water quality variables simultaneously. According to R ² and RMSE, Alos is superior to other sensors for water quality variables estimation although the precision of non-pigment matter absorption inversion performed the second.     

Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model for water resources carrying capacity in Tarim River Basin, Xinjiang, China

This paper explores the method of comprehensive evaluation of water resources carrying capacity and sets up an evaluation model applying the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Based on the data of nature, society, economics and water resources of the Tarim River Basin in 2002, we evaluated the water resources carrying capacity of the basin by means of the model. The results show that the comprehensive grades are 0.438 and 0.454 for Aksu and Kashi prefectures respectively, where the current water resources exploitation and utilization has reached a relative high degree and there is only a very limited water carrying capacity, 0.620 for Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture, where water resources carrying capacity is much higher, and in between for Hotan Prefecture and Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture. As a whole, the comprehensive grade of the Tarim River Basin is 0.508 and the current water resources exploitation and utilization has reached a relative high degree. Thus, we suggest that the integrated management of the water resources in the basin should be strengthened in order to utilize water resources scientifically and sustainably.     

The research of ecology-oriented reasonable deployment of water resources at Shuangtaizi estuary wetland

Shuangtaizi estuary wetland, the largest natural conservation district in China, and one of the best preserved, largest ecological lands with the most complete vegetation types in the world, is located in Panjin city, Liaoning Province. In recent years, the degradation of Shuangtaizi estuary wetland is very serious. In order to rescue lives in the wetland and protect valuable natural resources, the information system of Shuangtaizi estuary wetland was built with ‘3S’ technology, and the minimum, optimum, and maximum eco-environmental water requirements were calculated respectively. Furthermore, for restoring the ecological functions of wetland and preventing wetland degradation, the balance between supply and demand of water resource was analyzed, and an optimal allocation scheme of water resources was proposed based on three kinds of equilibrium.     

Environmental features and water environmental problems in the contiguous region of Jiangsu, Shangdong, Henan and Anhui Provinces

ThecontiguousregionofJiangsu,Shandong,HenanandAnhuiprovinces,withapopulationof4660X10'in1990,stretchingalongtheChina'seasternsectionofeconomicbeltofnewEurasialxindBridge,issituatedinthenortheasternpartoftheHuaiheRiverBasin,covering7.73X10'km'ofnineprefecturesormunicipalities,i.e.,XuzhouandLianyungangofJiangsuProvince,Rizhao,Linyi,ZaozhuangandJiningofShandongProvince,ShangqiuofHenanProvince,HuaibeiandSuxianofAnhuiProvince.Theregionisatraditionalagricultureareaandanimportantenergybase…     

Impact of water environmental characteristics in Dry-Hot valley of Jinsha river on soil desertification

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