分层介质声特征阻抗反演 -预处理方法实验验证与比较

数值不稳定性长期困扰着声反演方法的应用.避免该问题的方法之一是进行冲激响应提取的预处理,由冲激响应反演实验材料的各层反射系数序列,重建特性阻抗剖面.该文采用不同反卷积的方法提取冲激响应,反演阻抗剖面,并就精度及运算时间进行详细比较,反演结果与实测及手册数值相当吻合.     

反演一维声阻抗的Sondhi-Gopinath 法

作者从一维波动方程反问题的数学模型出发,经拉氏变换,根据Sondhi-Gopinath法,导出了分布参数系统一维声阻抗反问题的解析式.该解是一个称为脉冲响应参量的函数,它可由地面观测波场和位移速度来确定.     

由垂直入射脉冲和海底回波反演海底声参数

浅海海底声参数是影响声场传播的重要参量。文中根据信号的相位特性对反演稳定性的影响进行了数值模拟;并于2002年8月在黄海海区进行了海底声参数反演实验。利用垂直入射脉冲和海底回波数据进行海底声参数反演,由于海底回波信号随穿透深度增加而导致回波信号的信噪比降低,为了有效地增加海底声阻抗反演深度,提出平滑分段抽取冲激响应,重建声阻抗剖面的方法。结合Hamilton经验公式,分离海底声速、密度,反演结果与海底采样样本分析值、经验值吻合较好。     

一种水驱剩余油物模实验相似转化方法数模验证

在水驱剩余油物理模拟实验研究中,目前提出了一种新的相似转化方法,即通过运动速度（渗流真实速度）相等求取的物模实验排量,在岩心物性、流体性质相似,几何尺寸成比例的不同物理模型中驱替,其剩余油分布规律及开采效果相似,该规律是文中相似方法的核心规律,它可以有效地应用到室内物理模型实验对矿场剩余油分布规律的研究中去.此文重点考虑了重力、毛管力对运动速度相似转化方法的影响与修正,并设计了20余套数值模拟方案,验证了这种方法的准确性及实用性.     

Transient Hydroelastic Response of VLFS by FEM with Impedance Boundary Conditions in Time Domain

A time-dependent finite element method (FEM) is developed to analyze the transient hydroelastie responses of very large floating structures (VLFS) subjected to dynamic loads. The hydrodynamic problem is formulated based on the linear theory of fluid and the structural response is analyzed based on the thin plate theory. The FEM truncates the unbounded fluid domain by introducing an artificial boundary surface, thus defining a finite computational domain. At this boundary surface an impedance boundary conditions are applied so that no wave reflections occur. In the proposed scheme, all of the procedures are processed directly in time domain, which is efficient for nonlinear analyses of structure floating on unbounded fluid. Numerical results indicate acceptable accuracy of the proposed method.     

典型浅海环境参数对声传播损失影响及试验验证

针对典型浅海环境参数对声传播损失影响问题,提出了一种基于海底边界反射系数修正的改进耦合简正波–抛物方程模型,设计并开展了典型南海海域声传播损失测试试验,模型相对误差小于 4%、均方根误差小于 3 dB,验证了模型的准确性。接着,分别对声速剖面、海面海况、海底底质、海底地形 4 种海洋环境参数,设计了 5 种工况,进行仿真计算分析。得出声速剖面主要影响声会聚区的分布,负梯度下声会聚区能量多集中于海底和声源深度附近,而正梯度下声会聚区能量多集中于海面附近;浅海环境下声传播损失分布受海面海况、海底底质因素影响较大;海底地形是影响水下声传播损失的主要因素,海底斜坡既可以汇集声波能量,也可以使其发散。     

不同特性阻抗参数对深海走航投弃式剖面仪传输信道影响的分析

深海走航投弃式剖面仪由于信道的时变特性,严重影响信号传输的准确性,成为深海走航投弃式剖面仪进一步发展的难题。针对该类信道进行了深入分析,首先提出了信道模型的建立方法,建立了准确的信道模型传递函数,并在此基础上,讨论了在3 000 m长传输线下,不同特性阻抗参数对信号传输性能的影响。通过分析可知:(1)在负载端使用大电阻可以极大地降低水上线轴电感量变化对信号的影响,最佳电阻取值为10 MΩ;(2)通过提高水下线轴电感量的方法可以提高信道相位延时的稳定性,从而提高DPSK信号解调的准确性;(3)为了让负载端获得稳定的幅值增益,要减小分布电容的数值,在信道中加入容性元件会降低信号幅值的稳定性,降低信号的传输质量。通过本文的分析,可以进一步明确对该特殊信道阻抗匹配方法,优化信道硬件电路模型,加快走航投弃式剖面仪向深海进军的步伐。     

Verification of A Numerical Harbour Wave Model

A numerical model for wave propagation in a harbour is verified by use of physical models.The extended time-dependent mild slope equation is employed as the governing equation,and the model is solved by use of ADI method containing the relaxation factor.Firstly,the reflection coefficient of waves in front of rubble-mound breakwaters under oblique incident waves is determined through physical model tests,and it is regarded as the basis for simulating partial reflection boundaries of the numerical model.Then model tests on refraction,diffraction and reflection of waves in a harbour are performed to measure wave height distribution.Comparative results between physical and numerical model tests show that the present numerical model can satisfactorily simulate the propagation of regular and irregular waves in a harbour with complex topography and boundary conditions.     

波阻抗反演技术在鄂尔多斯盆地北部杭锦旗地区的应用

鄂尔多斯盆地北部杭锦旗地区上古生界三角洲砂体和河道沙体发育,存在岩性、地层、构造等多类型的圈闭。该区是天然气运移的主要指向区,随着勘探开发的深入它逐渐成为鄂尔多斯盆地天然气潜在的重要区块。结合该区地质特点和地震资料的实际情况,通过测井资料的分析,寻找储层电性参数与地震响应的关系特征和储层反演的难点,由此提出了适合本区地质特点的参数和反演方法步骤,为本区储层反演预测提供了技术思路和方法依据。     

Torsional Dynamic Impedance of a Tapered Pile Considering its Construction Disturbance Effect

The dynamic response of a tapered pile (considering its construction disturbance effect) is investigated when the tapered pile is subjected to a time-harmonic torsional loading. For most engineering conditions, the surrounding soil may be weakened or strengthened owing to the construction disturbance effect of the tapered pile, resulting in the soil becoming radially inhomogeneous. In order to consider this problem, the circumferential shear complex stiffness transfer model is proposed to simulate the radial inhomogeneity of soil. Then, the governing equations of a tapered pile-soil system subjected to torsional dynamic loading are established. By virtue of the circumferential shear complex stiffness transfer method and the impedance function transfer method, the analytical solution of torsional dynamic impedance at the head of the tapered pile is derived. Based on the presented solution, the influence of the construction disturbance effect of the surrounding soil on the torsional dynamic impedance at the pile head is investigated within the low-frequency range concerned in the design of a dynamic foundation. The results show that, even if the hardening range and softening range of the surrounding soil vary within a smaller scale, the hardening effect and softening effect also have a notable influence on the torsional dynamic impedance at the pile head.     

MASNUM海浪数值模式业务化预报与检验

介绍了MASNUM(Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling)海浪数值预报系统,并利用全球和西北太平洋的Jason-1卫星数据和NDBC浮标数据中的海浪波高观测,对该预报系统进行了自2007年8月1日-2007年12月31日5个月的24,48和72 h预报结果的比较检验.模式校验结果表明,有效波高预报与观测的绝均差在0.5 m左右,从夏季到冬季,预报精度不断提高,与风场冬季预报精度较高吻合.     

Numerical and Experimental Study on Hydrodynamic Performance of A Novel Semi-Submersible Concept

The Multiple Column Platform (MCP) semi-submersible is a newly proposed concept, which differs from the conventional semi-submersibles, featuring centre column and middle pontoon. It is paramount to ensure its structural reliability and safe operation at sea, and a rigorous investigation is conducted to examine the hydrodynamic and structural performance for the novel structure concept. In this paper, the numerical and experimental studies on the hydrodynamic performance of MCP are performed. Numerical simulations are conducted in both the frequency and time domains based on 3D potential theory. The numerical models are validated by experimental measurements obtained from extensive sets of model tests under both regular wave and irregular wave conditions. Moreover, a comparative study on MCP and two conventional semi-submersibles are carried out using numerical simulation. Specifically, the hydrodynamic characteristics, including hydrodynamic coefficients, natural periods and motion response amplitude operators (RAOs), mooring line tension are fully examined. The present study proves the feasibility of the novel MCP and demonstrates the potential possibility of optimization in the future study.     

Theoretical and Experimental Study on the Acoustic Wave Energy After the Nonlinear Interaction of Acoustic Waves in Aqueous Media

Based on the Burgers equation and Manley?Rowe equation, the derivation about nonlinear interaction of the acoustic waves has been done in this paper. After nonlinear interaction among the low-frequency weak waves and the pump wave, the analytical solutions of acoustic waves’ amplitude in the field are deduced. The relationship between normalized energy of high-frequency and the change of acoustic energy before and after the nonlinear interaction of the acoustic waves is analyzed. The experimental results about the changes of the acoustic energy are presented. The study shows that new frequencies are generated and the energies of the low-frequency are modulated in a long term by the pump waves, which leads the energies of the low-frequency acoustic waves to change in the pulse trend in the process of the nonlinear interaction of the acoustic waves. The increase and decrease of the energies of the low-frequency are observed under certain typical conditions, which lays a foundation for practical engineering applications.     

海底管线沉降量计算方法的理论研究与试验验证

根据极限平衡和极限分析方法,首先建立了软土地基土体上海底管线的极限承载力计算公式.当地基处于极限状态时,基础作用于地基的全部荷载应等于该地基土体的承载能力,根据这一关系式可以推导出海底管线沉降量的计算公式.最后通过对试验结果的分析,证实所采用的计算方法是可行的.     

青岛市经济增长引发环境污染的冲击响应模式分析

经济的不断发展造成了极大的环境污染,需要人们用科学的手段对经济发展和造成的环境污染之间的关系进行客观判断。采用主成分分析法、格兰杰因果检验以及基于VAR的脉冲响应函数对青岛市的经济发展与环境污染二者间关系进行分析,结果发现由于环境承载力的存在,经济增长造成环境污染在很大程度上受到时滞的影响,经济增长引发环境问题是渐进的、长期的,所以在发展经济时不能只顾眼前利益而忽视对环境的长期影响,要注重可持续发展。     

海洋经济增长对海域使用影响关系实证研究

本文以中国海洋经济为研究对象,基于面板回归方法及脉冲响应分析,对北部、东部和南部海洋经济带的海域使用对海洋经济的影响关系开展实证研究,选取2001-2015年填海造地、构筑物、围海、开放式和其他用海方式的海域使用面积为被解释变量,以同期人均GOP为解释变量,构建计量经济模型并进行实证分析,研究结果发现:①模型拟合效果较好,采用面板模型和脉冲响应来分析海域使用与海洋经济之间的关系具有较强的适用性;②三大海洋经济带海洋经济增长与海域使用之间的关系无论是在空间区域上还是在时间序列上差异性特征都很明显。     

抛弃式温盐探头阻力系数的数值模拟及其实验验证

采用时变雷诺方程结合κ-ε湍流模型,模拟探头在下沉过程中的运动状态。根据模拟所得探头附近速度与压力分布,积分出阻力系数,由此分析阻力系数随雷诺数变化规律。同时进行物理实验,并与数值结果比较,二者吻合较好。     

Experimental Study and Simulation Principles of An Oil-Gas Multiphase Transportation System

—Presented is an experimental study on the performance of an oil-gas multiphase transporta-tion system,especially on the multiphase flow patterns,multiphase pumping and multiphase metering ofthe system.A dynamic simulation analysis is conducted to deduce simulation parameters of the systemand similarity criteria under simplified conditions are obtained.The reliability and feasibility of two-phaseflow experiment with oil and natural gas simulated by water and air are discussed by using the similaritycriteria.     

近海海洋环境对水声网络性能影响试验评估

水声网络已成为海洋信息获取、传输和感知的关键技术,并得到广泛研究。目前的水声通信研究主要集中于考虑时延、多径等水声信道影响因素。当海洋环境发生变化时,水声信道中的时延、多径的特性也会相应发生变化,从而影响水声通信系统的性能。然而,对于复杂海洋环境现象与水声网络性能的直接关联性的研究还较为有限。基于厦门海域进行的水声网络实验,从平均端到端时延、丢包率等网络性能指标评估风、浪、潮汐等典型近海海洋环境因素对水声网络性能的影响,并基于试验结果对海洋环境与水声网络性能进行关联性分析,实验结果表明：水声通信网络的时延受到温度、风速和潮位变化的影响,存在一定程度的关联性。评估分析结论可为复杂近海海洋环境下水声通信网络的设计和应用提供参考。     

中国沿海地区人口发展与海洋经济互动关系研究

在分析人口发展与海洋经济互动关系的基本理论上,构建综合评价指标体系,运用耦合协调度模型和脉冲响应函数对2000-2015年中国沿海11省市的人口发展与海洋经济发展进行测算,实证结果表明:①人口发展与海洋经济发展水平整体上波动上升,各沿海省市的经济发展水平差异明显;②人口发展与海洋经济之间的耦合协调度波动上升,研究期内天津市、上海市、广东省均处于高度耦合协调,福建省、山东省耦合协调度提高明显,发展趋势较好;③人口发展对海洋经济的响应较弱,海洋经济对人口发展的响应较强,沿海各省市人口发展与海洋经济之间的相互响应关系有待加强。