亚太地区油气成藏条件及资源潜力

亚太地区是全球重要的油气产区和最大的油气消费市场。亚太地区155个主要沉积盆地中,已有90多个盆地内发现了油气田或有油气发现,共发现油气田约6 900个。根据地理位置及构造特征等,亚太地区可进一步分为东亚分区、东南亚分区、澳新分区和南亚分区,约有131个主要的含油气系统。本文对亚太地区不同分区的油气成藏条件(包括烃源岩、储集层、盖层、含油气系统等)进行了总体分析与高度概括。在此基础上,以成藏组合为基本评价单元,不同勘探程度盆地采用与之相适应的评价方法,对本地区各盆地的油气资源潜力进行了评价。评价结果表明:亚太地区常规总油气可采资源量为673.7×10⁸ t油当量,占全球的6.1%,非常规油气资源类型以重油、页岩油、油页岩、页岩气、煤层气为主,非常规油气技术总可采资源量390.4×10⁸ t当量,占全球非常规油气技术总可采资源量的6.1%。根据待发现资源结果及盆地勘探程度,近海和深海勘探是将来的勘探热点:主要勘探领域为深海和成熟盆地新层系及岩性-地层圈闭等;海相三角洲体系是寻找天然气田的重要领域;东南亚弧后盆地群新生界湖相是页岩油的有利勘探领域;澳大利亚中部克拉通盆地群泥盆系-石炭系为页岩气的有利勘探领域。     

南美洲含油气盆地和油气分布综述

南美洲是世界上的主要油气产区之一,近年来取得了一系列重大勘探突破。2007年以来,桑托斯盆地盐下一系列巨型油气田的发现表明南美洲,特别是被动陆缘盆地深水盐下层系有着巨大的勘探潜力。以获取的最新油气田储量资料为基础,探讨了南美洲的油气资源在不同类型盆地、不同地区和不同层系的分布特征。统计分析表明前陆盆地油气最富集,其次是被动陆缘盆地。南美洲的前陆盆地沿安第斯山展布,南段和北段为新生代前陆盆地,中段为古生代前陆盆地。南段、中段和北段前陆盆地的主要储集层分别为侏罗系-白垩系、石炭系和白垩系-新近系。经历了被动陆缘演化阶段的前陆盆地是南美洲油气最富集的盆地,典型的代表为东委内瑞拉盆地和马拉开波盆地。被动陆缘盆地分布于南美洲大陆的东部沿海区,油气主要聚集于白垩系、古近系和新近系。在被动陆缘盆地中,发育有蒸发岩的盆地油气更为富集,坎波斯盆地和桑托斯盆地是这类盆地的典型代表。     

俄罗斯的沉积盆地和油气资源(英文)

俄罗斯的内陆和海上大约有 30个盆地赋含油气。这些盆地囊括了所有的以板块构造为分类准则的盆地类型 ,即 :( 1)内陆裂谷和超裂谷台坳 ;( 2 )现代大陆边缘的上叠台坳 ;( 3)与冲断褶皱系统毗邻的被动大陆边缘和 ( 4 )岩石圈板块聚敛带 (即大洋板块俯冲到大陆板块之下的地带 )。第一类盆地包括广袤的西西伯利亚超拗拉槽盆地和西伯里亚的Viluy拗拉槽等。第二类包括一些具油气远景的俄罗斯北冰洋盆地和里海边缘盆地。第三类包括乌拉尔前渊的伏尔加—乌拉尔盆地 (Volga—Urals)、大高加索前渊的亚速—库班盆地 (Azov—Kuban)和捷列克—里海盆地 (Terek—Caspian)以及其它盆地。被动大陆边缘经历了 2个到 3个演化阶段 ,主要油气聚集期通常对应后裂谷期。第四类盆地是指远东和俄罗斯东北部的盆地。在鄂霍次克海 (萨哈林岛—鄂霍次克和西堪察加—鄂霍次克 )已经发现了油气田 ,有一些盆地 (Anadyr和Khatyrka)已被证实含有油气。裂陷作用也控制着弧后盆地的形成。盆地的地球动力学特征控制着油气藏的分布、圈闭类型和资源富集程度。俄罗斯的油气富集区主要集中在伏尔加—乌拉尔、西西伯利亚、铁梓哥—伯朝阿 (Timano—Pechora)和萨哈林 (Sakhalin)地区 ,大约 4 5%的资源量被采出 ,其他盆地有很好的远景。里海的俄?     

南海西南部万安盆地含油气系统研究

本文试图运用含油气系统这门新兴学科的理论和方法来研究资料掌握较少的南海万安盆地伯含油气系统。在区域地质、沉积相特征和生烃、运移、聚集以及保存条件的时空匹配关系等研究的基础上。将万安盆地划分为三个含油气系统,指出北、中两个含油气系统的油气远景较好,从中已相继发现和找到不同产能的油气田南部含油所系统远景较差。     

全球大型油气田的盆地类型与分布规律

本文在总结前人研究成果的基础上,基于世界大型油气田的文献资料及美国地质调查局USGS资料,按照国际上关于 原型盆地的经典分类方案,将世界上877个大型油气田及其赋存的153个主要含油气盆地进行重新梳理,构建4幅不同盆地 分类方案的全球主要含油气盆地和大油气田分布图及其8幅盆地类型与大型油气田对比关系直方图,明确了全球大型油气 田主要赋存的盆地类型及其分布规律,进而比较分析不同原型盆地分类方案对大型油气田分布规律的影响。同时,考虑这 些盆地经历复杂构造演化的历史及其与油气成藏的关系,尝试以盆地构造性质的转换或继承关系为主线,进行叠合盆地分类。 分类统计结果表明,从叠合盆地类型来看,正反转盆地最有利于大型油气田的形成和发育,继承裂谷盆地和继承前陆盆地 居其次,负反转盆地一般不利于形成大型油气田。     

全球的侏罗—白垩系含油气盆地带

在全世界范围内,侏罗系－白垩系地层中的油气资源十分丰富,其分布具有十分鲜明的特征。具有侏罗－白垩系的含油气盆地构成了一个全球性地带。该带由西西伯利亚和阿姆河含油气盆地以及由此向南的波斯湾含油气盆地组成,从另一方向上,西加拿大含油气盆地以及一些临床 接落基山脉的含油气盆地也属于这一地带。西非、亚马逊河三角洲、马拉开波和墨西哥湾含油气盆地为这一地带的南半部。     

南海南沙海域沉积盆地与油气分布

在较详细分析南沙海域区域地质背景的基础上,研究该海域主要沉积盆地地质构造特征,分析不同区域沉积盆地的油气地质条件,研究和总结各盆地中的油气分布特征。研究表明,万安盆地、曾母盆地和文莱-沙巴盆地具有丰富的油气资源,北康盆地、北巴拉望盆地油气资源远景次之,礼乐盆地和南薇西盆地油气资源远景较差。     

松辽盆地深层古前陆型盆地的发现及其天然气地质意义

松辽盆地是中国最大的石油生产基地，也是目前世界上已发现的油气资源最为丰富的非海相沉积盆地。在过去40多年的勘探历程中，对松辽盆地中浅层的研究(无论在理论研究还是实践方面)已取得了丰硕成果，在其下、中、上、浅4个部位发现了4套含油气组合。迄今发现的大型、特大型油气田都在这其中，几乎包括了已发现的全部油气储量。     

我国叠合盆地油气调查战略思考

20世纪我国油气勘探在中、新生代陆相裂谷及前陆盆地中获得油气主要储量,21世纪我国远景储量增长将向古生代克拉通盆地海相碳酸盐岩转移,塔河大油田、苏里格大气田、普光大气田等大型油气田的发现,预示着我国陆上前中生代海相碳酸盐岩具有良好的勘探前景,是我国油气资源战略接替的重要领域。但由于我国含油气盆地绝大多数盆地具有叠合盆地性质,勘探特殊,导致油气增长缓慢。从目前油气勘探程度来看,油气工作朝着两个方向发展,一是寻找油气勘探新区、新领域、新层系、新类型,二是加快主要油气盆地新区油气资源勘探前景评价。这不仅需要高新探测技术的支撑,更重要的是要从观念认识上更新,运用新理论新思想突破对叠合盆地深层油气资源赋存状态的复杂地质构造的规律性认识,从战略高度指导油气勘查和评价工作。盆地分析－油气系统－成藏区带－远景评价构成认识和预测叠合盆地新区和成藏潜力评价的主旋律,而“盆地的完整性、改造的微弱性、封闭条件的完好性”则是叠合盆地油气新区初步评价、战略选区的目标所在。      

中阿拉伯盆地油气分布规律和主控因素研究

中阿拉伯盆地是中东油气区油气资源最为富集的盆地。本文以该盆地油气田的最新资料为基础,结合盆地构造-沉积演化过程,应用石油地质综合研究方法,探讨该盆地油气的时空分布特征及主控因素。中阿拉伯盆地内发育3个主要含油气系统:下志留统含油气系统、侏罗系复合含油气系统和白垩系复合含油气系统。中阿拉伯盆地油气的层系分布表现为"下气上油",上二叠统—下三叠统储集层富集了盆地内78.9%的天然气可采储量和83.7%的凝析油可采储量,而上侏罗统—下白垩统则富集了盆地内81.9%的石油可采储量。区域上,中阿拉伯盆地的石油储量主要聚集于西海湾坳陷、迪布蒂巴赫(Dibdibah)坳陷、盖瓦尔(Ghawar)凸起和安纳拉(An N`ala)凸起,天然气和凝析油则在卡塔尔凸起更为富集。中阿拉伯盆地的油气分布主要受3个因素控制:优质区域盖层控制了油气的层系分布,主力烃源岩展布和优势运移路径控制了油气的区域分布,基底断裂和盐运动构成的圈闭控制了油气藏的形成与富集。     

全球大型凝析气田的分布特征及其形成主控因素

随着勘探的不断深入,越来越多的凝析气藏被发现,并受到重视。目前全球共发现106个大型凝析气田,分布于全球70多个沉积盆地。凝析气田主要分布于西西伯利亚盆地、滨里海盆地、波斯湾盆地、扎格罗斯盆地、美国墨西哥湾及塔里木盆地等。通过对全球各大凝析气田进行系统的研究,发现凝析气藏主要分布在石炭系—新近系储层中,以构造圈闭为主,储集体物性较差,属于低孔低渗型,凝析气和凝析油的密度均相对较低。凝析气田的形成和展布主要受控于有效烃源岩分布、有利的储盖组合、圈闭类型、晚期成藏、特殊的温压系统和烃类体系组分等条件。根据其成因机理,将凝析气藏分为原生凝析气藏和次生凝析气藏。     

塔里木盆地牙哈凝析气田地质特征与开发机理研究

塔里木盆地牙哈凝析气田具有地层压力高、凝析油含量高和露点压力高等显著特点。在分析其主要地质特征的基础上建立了地质模型来准确地预测储层中影响注气效果的高渗透层的分布规律。通过对凝析气田地质特征和开发机理的深入研究,发现对于高渗、高含油的凝析气藏,由于凝析油临界流动饱和度较低,可以采用衰竭式开发方式;而对于储层物性较差的高含油凝析气藏,则适合保持压力开发。据此不仅建成了我国凝析油产能规模最大的凝析气田--牙哈凝析气田,还在多个气田开发前期评价及柯克亚凝析气田综合调整中得到广泛应用,在开发实践中形成了一套适合于塔里木盆地超深高压凝析气藏的开发技术系列。     

中亚卡拉库姆盆地油气分布特征与成藏模式

卡拉库姆盆地是世界上仅次于西西伯利亚盆地和波斯湾盆地的第三大富气盆地。本文以获取的最新油气田储量数据为基础，采用石油地质综合分析方法，探讨了该盆地油气的层系和区域分布特征及其成藏模式。受区域盖层控制，盆地内的油气主要富集于两套层系：中侏罗统卡洛阶-上侏罗统牛津阶碳酸盐岩储集层和下白垩统欧特里阶沙特利克组砂岩储集层。前者富集了盆地内68.0%的石油储量、84.0%的凝析油储量和44.2%的天然气储量，后者富集了盆地内36.4%的天然气储量。上侏罗统蒸发岩之下的盐下油气田的区域分布主要受有利储集相带和古隆起构造展布的控制；生物礁和古构造主要发育于盆地东北部的北阿姆河亚盆地，并导致盆地内已发现的盐下油气储量主要分布于此。受蒸发岩区域盖层和深大断裂的控制，盐上油气田主要分布于蒸发岩发育区之外、蒸发岩较薄且主要为硬石膏的地区、以及蒸发岩发育区内的深大断裂附近。蒸发岩之上的盐上层系并非油气特别是天然气勘探的禁区，源自盐下烃源岩的天然气可以在盐上储集层内聚集并形成大气田。     

The Distribution of Petroleum Resources and Characteristics of Main Petroliferous Basins along the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road

The Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road Initiative, abbreviated as the Belt and Road Initiative, is a primary development strategy of China’s future international cooperation. Especially, the energy resource cooperation, including oil and gas resources cooperation, is an important part of this initiative. The Belt and Road has undergone complicated geological evolution, and contains abundant mineral resources such as oil, gas, coal, uranium, iron, copper, gold and manganese ore resources. Among these, Africa holds 7.8% of the world’s total proven oil reserves. The oil and gas resources in Africa are relatively concentrated, with an overall low exploration degree and small consumption demand. Nigeria and Libya contain the most abundant oil resources in Africa, accounting for 2.2% and 2.9% of the world’s total reserves, respectively. Nigeria and Algeria hold the richest natural gas resources in Africa, occupying 2.8% and 2.4% of the world’s total reserves, respectively. Africa’s oil and gas resources are mainly concentrated in Egypt, Sultan and Western Sahara regions in the northern Africa, and the Gulf of Guinea, Niger River and Congo River area in the western Africa. The Russia–Central Asia area holds rich petroleum resources in Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. The potential oil and gas areas include the West Siberia Basin, East Siberia Basin and sea continental shelf in Russia, the northern and central Caspian Basin in Kazakhstan, the right bank of the Amu-Darya Basin, the East Karakum uplift and the South Caspian Basin in Turkmenistan, and the Amu–Daria Basin, Fergana Basin, Afghan–Tajik Basin and North Ustyurt Basin in Uzbekistan. The Middle East oil and gas resources are mainly distributed in the Zagros foreland basin and Arabian continental margin basin, and the main oil-producing countries include Saudi Arabia, Iran and Iraq. The Asia Pacific region is a new oil and gas consumption center, with rapid growth of oil and gas demand. In 2012, this region consumed about 33.6% of the world’s total oil consumption and 18.9% of the world’s total natural gas consumption, which has been ranked the world’s largest oil and gas consumption center. The oil and gas resources are concentrated in China, Indosinian, Malaysia, Australia and India. The abundant European proven crude oil reserves are in Norway, Britain and Denmark and also rich natural gas resources in Norway, Holland and Britain. Norway and Britain contain about 77.5% of European proven oil reserves, which accounts for only 0.9% of the world’s proven reserves. The Europe includes main petroliferous basins of the Voring Basin, Anglo–Dutch Basin, Northwest German Basin, Northeast German–Polish Basin and Carpathian Basin. According to the analysis of source rocks, reservoir rocks, cap rocks and traps for the main petroliferous basins, the potential oil and gas prospecting targets in the Belt and Road are mainly the Zagros Basin and Arabic Platform in the Middle East, the East Barents Sea Basin and the East Siberia Basin in Russia–Central Asia, the Niger Delta Basin, East African rift system and the Australia Northwest Shelf. With the development of oil and gas theory and exploration technology, unconventional petroleum resources will play an increasingly important role in oil and gas industry.     

Petroleum Distribution Characteristics of the Americas and the Exploration Prospect Analysis

The world’s present demand for oil and gas is still in a rapid growth period, and traditional oil and gas resources account for more than 60% of the global oil and gas supply. The Americas is the world’s second largest production and consumption center of liquid fuel, and is also the world’s largest natural gas producer. In 2016, the Americas had 85.3 billion tons of proven oil reserves and 18.7 trillion m3 of proven natural gas reserves, which account for 35.4% and 10.0% of world’s total reserves, respectively. It produced 1267.1 Mt of oil and 1125.4 billion m3 of natural gas, which account for 28.9% and 31.7% of the world’s total production, respectively. The crude oil and natural gas reserves are mainly distributed in the U.S., Canada and Venezuela. The U.S. is the earliest and most successful country in shale gas exploration and development, and its shale gas is concentrated in the southern, central and eastern U.S., including the Marcellcus shale, Barnett shale, EagleFord shale, Bakken shale, Fayettevis shale, Haynsvill shale, Woodford shale and Monterey/Santos shale. The potential oil and gas resources in the Americas are mainly concentrated in the anticline and stratigraphic traps in the Middle-Upper Jurassic slope deposition of the North Slope Basin, the Paleozoic Madsion group dolomite and limestone in the Williston Basin, dominant stratigraphic traps and few structural traps in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, the Eocene structural-stratigraphic hydrocarbon combination, structural-unconformity traps and structural hydrocarbon combination, and the Upper Miocene stratigraphic-structural hydrocarbon combination in the Maracaibo Basin of Venezuela, the stratigraphic-structural traps and fault horst, tilting faulted blocks and anticlines related to subsalt structure and basement activity in the Campos Basin, the subsalt central low-uplift belt and supra-salt central low-uplift belt in the Santos Basin of Brazil, and the structural-stratigraphic traps in the Neuquen Basin of Argentina. In addition, the breakthrough of seismic subsalt imaging technology makes the subsalt deepwater sea area of eastern Barzil an important oil and gas potential area.     

南海中南部区域储层分布规律及油气成藏模式

目前鲜有以南海中南部区域作为整体开展油气成藏模式研究.在前人研究基础上,结合构造演化、烃源岩研究,重点分析了油气分布特征,解剖了大中型油气田,开展了南海中南部区域碎屑岩储层和碳酸盐岩储层分布规律及油气成藏模式的系统研究.碎屑岩储层主要分布于万安盆地西侧、曾母盆地南侧和文莱-沙巴盆地,渐新世至上新世自南海中南部西南缘-南缘-东南缘主力碎屑岩储层分布层位逐渐变新;碳酸盐岩储层主要分布于万安盆地东部、曾母盆地中北部、礼乐盆地和巴拉望盆地.南海中南部区域迄今发现的54个特大型-大型油气田中,有碎屑岩油气田32个,碳酸盐岩油气田22个,储量合计为46.7×108 t,占油气总储量的81%.依据烃源岩特征、储层分布特点及典型油气田的成藏规律认识,将南海中南部的成藏模式分为3类:自生自储、砂岩储层富油为主、早期成藏;下生上储、碳酸盐岩储层富气为主、晚期成藏;自生自储、砂岩储层内油气并存、晚期成藏.      

Progress in Study of Potash Resources of Oil (Gas) Field Brine in China

With a population of 1.3 billion, China is a large agricultural country. However, China is short of potash resources as the external dependence is more than 50% for many years. With the limited possibility for increasing potash reserves from surface salt lakes, and the challenge of finding potash deposit from marine strata has not been yet overcome, the oil (gas) field brine resources has become the preferred source for the urgent needs of potash. In recent years, a lot of exploration and research work on the oil (gas) field brine has been done under the guide of “oil and potash co-exploration” policy and delightful achievements have been obtained. The research achievements at Qaidam Basin, Sichuan Basin, Jianghan Basin and Tarim Basin were summarized in the present paper. All of the above basins are the most important areas with great prospects of oil (gas) field brine. This paper mainly focused on three aspects, the brine characteristics, the brine geochemistry and resource assessment. After the summary, the characteristics of oil (gas) field brine and the progress in study of that were gotten in different basins. It was suggested that the research work of (gas) field brine at Qaidam Basin should be emphasized. It was concluded that the evaluation work of oil (gas) field brine resources is insufficient at the four basins, and it is urgent to establish oil (gas) field brine resources evaluation criteria and methods.     

塔里木盆地奥陶系形成大油气田地质条件

自１９８４年９月地矿部在塔北沙参２井奥陶系油气勘探首次取得重大突破后,又在塔北、塔中、塔西南相继获得发现或突破,形成了第一轮以奥陶系为重点的油气勘探热潮。虽在１９９１～１９９５年由于认识上的影响一度出现油气勘探低谷,但从１９９６年开始又迎来了新一轮塔里木盆地奥陶系油气勘探的新高潮。多年油气勘探实践和研究表明,塔里木盆地奥陶系油气资源潜力相当巨大,具备形成大油气田的条件,是塔里木盆地今后寻找大油气田的主要层位之一。