水城近50a气温变化特征分析

利用水城站1957-2006年的逐月平均气温、平均最高气温及平均最低气温资料,采用线性倾向估计对水城近50a季平均气温及年平均最高、最低气温的年际、年代际变化进行了统计分析。结果表明：近50a来水城年平均气温呈上升趋势,其线性倾向率为0．134℃／10a,春季气温距平近50a来却呈下降趋势,夏、秋、冬季气温呈上升趋势,上升趋势不一致,从各季节平均气温变化幅度来看,秋季最大,夏、冬次之,春季最小。50a来年平均最高气温、年平均最低气温均呈上升趋势。     

六盘水市1971—2005年雷暴统计分析及变化规律

利用1971—2005年六盘水市3个测站(六枝、盘县、水城)的雷暴观测资料,统计分析六盘水市的雷暴变化规律及各种天气形势对六盘水市雷暴产生的影响,结果表明:近35 a六盘水市雷暴日数呈下降趋势,全市出现雷暴日数盘县较多,水城次之,六枝最少,雷暴最频发月为7月,雷暴日数以西方最多,东方最小;六盘水雷暴产生的主要影响系统是高空槽或低层切变常配合冷锋、准静止锋、西南涡、西太平洋副高。     

努力使主观符合客观——我们是怎样逐步做好天气预报的?

本文介绍了水城气象站的同志们运用马克思主义认识论,做好天气预报工作的体会。十多年来,他们从工农兵的需要出发,坚持深入实际调查研究,虚心学习和总结群众的看天经验,努力把感性认识上升到理性认识,克服用教条主义的态度对待书本知识的错误倾向,不断探索本地区的气候特点。经过多年的实践、认识、再实践、再认识,他们逐步掌握了水城地区特有的天气演变规律,从1972年3月开始,制作了“月的长期逐日天气预报”,现在准确的程度已达到70％左右。     

水城红心猕猴桃的气候适应性分析

该文对水城县红心猕猴桃种植及生长气候条件进行分析,为水城县大量推广种植水城红心猕猴桃提供参考。     

世界气象名城

水城——威尼斯,全城由一百一十七条河,二千三百条水巷,一百一十八个岛和四百多座桥组成。市内无汽车。     

准确的气象预报是做好城区防汛工作的关键

1 苏州城区防汛形势的历史和现状 苏州古城始建于公元前514年。古城虽处水网地区,二千多年来始终未被大水淹没,其原因:伍子胥在筑“吴国都城”时,充分利用自然条件,因地制宜。二千五百多年前的苏州城是由外廓,大、小城三重组成,外廓城墙周长37里,城外挖有宽约50-150m的外城河环抱着长方形的城墙,城周共有水城门五座,陆城门六座。城内由一条内环城河通过水城门与外城河相通,并与城内四纵五横诸河相连,构成四通八达的河道网(宋·平江图)。     

电子表格在短期气候预测评分工作中的应用

介绍了怎样利用电子表格进行短期气候预测评分：首先统计其本参数，建立基本参数表格，然后录入预测结果和实况资料，最后再建一个过渡表格。另外，以水城2003年1月降水趋势预测为例，详细介绍了具体怎样利用气候预测来评分的。     

六盘水市中心区与729个台站夏季人体舒适度及气温比较

利用1971—2000年30 a的气候资料,将六盘水市中心区(水城)与729个气象站的逐日气温和降水以及人体舒适度进行比较。结合气候特点制定筛选指标,只有云南腾冲、泸水、昆明、福建九仙山、六盘水市中心区5个台站入围。六盘水市中心区凉舒适占的比重较大,是全国最凉爽舒适的城市,堪称中国凉都。     

“2009-05-05”水城火箭增雨的效益评估分析

采用效果统计检验评估方法,针对2009-05-05在水城盐井和米萝同时实施的人工增雨作业情况,估算增雨量、增雨效率和经济效益,并结合实际降雨量进行分析研究。结果表明,此次人工增雨作业是成功的,效益显著。     

临沂地区气象部门认真贯彻全国气象部门学大寨经验交流会精神

全国气象部门学大寨经验交流会以后,临沂地区气象局于1975年12月22日至28日召开了全区气象工作会议。会议在学习毛主席有关指示和全国气象会议精神基础上,进行了开门整风,发动群众给领导提意见,帮助领导班子找差距,同时研究安排一九七六年的工作。在会上,他们提出了“全国学水城,本区学莒县,预报服务学沂源,民办气象学莒南”的比学赶帮奋战口号,批判了“只管测     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002     

Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale

2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness.     

准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响

NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。     

Quantifying the uncertainty of the annular mode time scale and the role of the stratosphere

The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features.     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...     

由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑

2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡.     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.