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本文将LabVIEW与基于32位ARM单片机的数据采集电路结合,研究实现了一种高精度、多功能的双频激电信号采集系统.激电信号被采集系统接收后,经信号调理进入模数转换电路转换为数字信号,由USB接口送入基于LabVIEW软件平台的上位机中.上位机对该信号进行滤波选频、幅值测量、频谱分析、幅频率计算等处理,得到目标参数,同时还具有绘图、保存、查看等功能.本文就双频激电信号采集进行了阻容网络模拟实验,先用公式计算出理论视幅频率值,然后搭建电路进行实测.实验结果表明,该采集系统对双频激电信号采集的视幅频率测量误差小、精度高,具有良好的测量效果. 相似文献
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联合小波变换与偏振分析自动拾取微地震P波到时 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对微地震P波到时的自动拾取是微地震信号分析和数据处理的主要目标之一。基于小波变换的多尺度分析思想,对微地震信号进行小波处理后的小波系数代替原始信号,应用包含在小波变换系数中的信号偏振信息,提出了联合小波变换与偏振分析自动拾取微地震信号P波到时的方法。通过对嘉阳煤矿监测的实际微地震数据进行小波变换,用多尺度小波分解的各个尺度单支重构信号构成协方差矩阵,求解不同尺度协方差矩阵的最大特征值和次大特征值求取P波到时定位函数,实现P波到时的自动拾取,取得了满意的结果. 相似文献
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本文提出基于Wigner-Hough变换实现精密可控震源信号的检测与变换的方法.精密控制震源发射并由地震台站观测设备记录下来的信号是连续线性调频振动信号(LFM),线性调频信号的Wigner-Ville变换是在时频平面内包含一条直线的图像,而Hough变换则是通过计算沿直线的积分可以有效检测图像中的直线,图像中的直线在Hough变换输出的图像中表现为一个峰值,用于精密控制震源信号的检测可以反映接收数据中存在的震源信号.本文针对精密控制震源信号检测中 Wigner-Ville变换和Hough变换存在的问题开展研究,并提出了解决方案.通过对2009年在广东新丰江水库库区精密可控震源试验观测数据的实际处理,显示该方法是可行的,为精密控制震源信号的检测与变换找到了又一新的方法和技术途径. 相似文献
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尝试性地将一种双树复小波包变换方法应用于地震信号分析中. 复小波包变换综合了实小波包变换与连续复小波变换各自的优点,不但能提取信号的相位信息,而且选取与被分析信号相频特性相匹配的复小波包,可以对信号产生更好的聚焦作用. 本文描述了一种双树复小波包变换算法,并给出了模拟信号及实际地震记录的分析实例. 研究结果表明,双树复小波包变换是分析具有非线性相位地震信号的一种较为有效的方法. 相似文献
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在深反射地震资料处理中,当来自深部的有效弱信号和噪声干扰频带差异较小且难以区分时,传统滤波方法的应用会受到限制.谱分解方法是一种使用离散傅里叶变换,基于信号的频率-振幅谱等信息生成高分辨率地震图像的方法,通常用来识别介质物性横向分布特征,处理复杂介质内频谱变化和局部相位的不稳定性等问题,包括定位复杂断层和小尺度断裂等.S变换作为一种新的时频分析方法,具有自动调节分辨率的能力,近些年来被广泛应用到勘探地震、大地电磁等数据处理中,逐渐成为地球物理方法中噪声压制的有效方法之一.与常规石油反射地震资料相比,深反射主动源地震为了探测深部结构信息,常采用大药量激发方式、长排列观测系统等,导致深部有效信号基本湮灭在噪声干扰之中.针对深反射数据特点,本文结合谱分解和S变换技术,首先设计了简单的脉冲函数实验数据,证实S变换方法的有效性,同时说明谱分解方法的效果受所用时频分析方法影响较大,而其中决定分辨能力的变换窗函数的选取尤为重要.在此基础上,分别应用到深反射地震资料的单道和叠加剖面实际数据上,对比分析了传统变换谱分解和S变换谱分解的应用效果,单道资料对比结果表明:相比传统谱分解,S变换谱分解方法具有自动调节分辨率的能力,能够精确的标定深反射地震资料中弱信号不同时刻的频率分量;叠加剖面资料应用结果表明:由S变换谱分解得到的剖面结果与其他谱分解方法结果整体上具有较高的一致性,同时清晰地刻画出原叠加剖面上被噪声湮灭的低频细节特征,提高了剖面的分辨率及同相轴连续性;对比结果明显看出,Gabor变换谱分解方法得到的结果同相轴较为破碎,分析原因认为这是由Gabor变换的时频分解方法的定长窗函数所致,窗口大小不会随着信号频率的变化来调节长度,只能在处理的过程中根据一定的记录长度范围选取窗函数参数,而S变换谱分解方法在窗函数的选取时,通过时变信号的局部频率特征自动调节窗口长度,能够更好的刻画各个频段的细节特征,在深反射剖面成像应用中效果尤为明显.本文结果表明S变换谱分解技术在深地震叠加剖面上的应用有效地提高了来自深部弱反射信号的信噪比和分辨率,并刻画出了叠加剖面上所不具有的低频细节特征,在实际深反射地震资料处理中能有效保护低频弱信号获得更好的成像效果.本文为深地震反射资料中弱信号的保护处理找到一种有效的方法. 相似文献
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地震信号往往是非线性非平稳的,时频分析技术能同时展示信号在时间域和频率域的局部化特征。本文研究4种时频分析方法:短时傅里叶变换(STFT)、小波变换、广义S变换和Wigner-Ville分布。在理论上运用雷克子波模拟地震记录进行时频分析对比,发现广义S变换具有相对较好的时频聚焦性以及较好的交叉项抑制性。为了验证这一理论,我们分别在两个工区做了实际的地震实验,分析并阐述4种时频分析方法的优缺点,同时也验证广义S变换的优越性。 相似文献
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确认旋转中心是工业CT系统必然遇到的问题。本文提出对薄圆筒模体的切片图像自动识别,通过随机Hough变换识别薄圆筒模体的圆心位置和半径,从而计算出当前圆心与实际圆心的差别,据此可以计算出需要矫正的尺寸,减少确认旋转中心的复杂度并增加可靠性。 相似文献
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A technique to improve the empirical mode decomposition in the Hilbert-Huang transform 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The Hilbert-based time-frequency analysis has promising capacity to reveal the time-variant behaviors of a system. To admit
well-behaved Hilbert transforms, component decomposition of signals must be performed beforehand. This was first systematically
implemented by the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) in the Hilbert-Huang transform, which can provide a time-frequency representation
of the signals. The EMD, however, has limitations in distinguishing different components in narrowband signals commonly found
in free-decay vibration signals. In this study, a technique for decomposing components in narrowband signals based on waves’
beating phenomena is proposed to improve the EMD, in which the time scale structure of the signal is unveiled by the Hilbert
transform as a result of wave beating, the order of component extraction is reversed from that in the EMD and the end effect
is confined. The proposed technique is verified by performing the component decomposition of a simulated signal and a free
decay signal actually measured in an instrumented bridge structure. In addition, the adaptability of the technique to time-variant
dynamic systems is demonstrated with a simulated time-variant MDOF system. 相似文献
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希尔伯特—黄变换用于处理非线性非平稳信号,由经验模态分解和希尔伯特谱分析2部分组成。本文采用希尔伯特—黄变换方法,相继对大同地震台地电阻率月值数据和宝昌地震台地电阻率月值、整点值数据进行处理。结果显示:(1)大同、宝昌地震台地电阻率月值数据对应的Hilbert谱具有较高分辨率,高幅值在归一化频率0.05—0.15区间内呈"余弦"变化形态;(2)希尔伯特—黄变换在提取地电阻率异常变化、高频信息及去除噪声等方面效果较好,在未来地电资料处理中具有广泛的应用前景。 相似文献
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A well-known but rarely used powerful method to investigate the presence of harmonic signals in time series is the Phasor Walkout method (other names are: Graphical Fourier Transform, Summation Dial, Complex Demodulation). At a given test frequency the complex contributions (phasors) to the Fourier Transform of each sample in an equidistantly sampled series are added vectorially in the complex plane. The resulting pattern, the walkout, reveals information about the properties of the signal which is not easy to obtain by other methods. Synthetic examples are used to demonstrate the resolving power of the method. The following geophysical examples for the application of this method are shown: determination of the frequency of the breathing mode0
S
0 of the earth after a large earthquake; the study of superconducting gravimeter records after a large deep earthquake used in the core mode interpretation of a spectral peak, the study of the residualS
3 (8 h period) signal in a tidal record and the bichromatic Rayleigh-waves from Mount Pinatubo on June 15, 1991. 相似文献
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The most widely used technique to characterize the acid/base and complexing properties of hydrous particle surfaces is based on potentiometric titrations. Properly applied it provides accurate data over wide concentration ranges and, with help of automatic measuring and data collecting systems, it has become possible to collect large amounts of data within a reasonably short time period. However, collection and interpretation of experimental data is beset with difficulties. Some of these difficulties are identified and discussed with special reference to some goethite systems. 相似文献
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CT机和核磁共振成像(MRI)机之间的比较研究 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
CT和MRI是当今应用最普遍的两大类临床影像诊断设备。本文应邀就普遍关心的问题对CT和MRI两大设备在原理、性能、指标、功能、参数、敏感性、安全性、信号性质、图像标准、图像重建的方法学理论等诸多方面进行了有益和有意义的比较。并沿两类机器发展的轨迹追溯了两种影像在历史上的交汇点(源宗)。阐明了两套数学方法(Radon变换和Fourier变换)的平行发展根源于其信号性质的重大区别。MR是时域信号,而X 相似文献
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This work investigates the application of two post-processing methods of extracting spectra from VLF signals in order to detect disturbances that could be attributed to seismic-ionospheric precursory phenomena. Although precursory phenomena have been investigated in detail in past studies, a different application of time–frequency analysis methods may produce distinct patterns, which reveal disturbances in the VLF spectra received from stations that are in the propagation path over preparation zones, and also pinpoint disturbances that could be attributed to seismic-ionospheric precursors.To this purpose, three different methods of post processing are compared. These are the Wavelet Transform as a benchmark method in the form of the Continuous Wavelet Transform, a noise-assisted variant of the Hilbert-Huang Transform and the Zhao-Atlas-Marks Distribution. Comparative diagrams are presented and the advantages and weaknesses of each method are presented. 相似文献