宁德海相软黏土工程特性与沉积环境初探

宁德市位于福建省东北部,其下伏软土具有典型的闽东北第四系软黏土沉积特性,独特的内湾地形又使其兼具与传统浙闽沿海软土不同的物理力学特性。本文结合海岸带地质调查结果,通过环三都澳软黏土的原位测试和室内土工试验,对宁德第四系海相软土沉积特性及物理力学性质进行了系统研究和分析,发现该海相软土具有高压缩性、高液限、高灵敏度的特征,容易受到扰动导致强度的损失,工程建设中及基础设施灾变演化中应加以注意。大量内部孔隙极度发育且亲水性强的硅藻残骸使宁德软土具有很高的比表面积,同时也是令其具备结构性的重要原因,这两点是宁德软土区别于传统软土的显著特征。     

水岩耦合下的红层软岩微观结构特征与软化机制研究

水岩长期作用下红层软岩体现出成岩作用差、易风化、易软化崩解等特点,给软岩工程设计与施工带来挑战。以滇中红层软岩地区所取泥岩试样为研究对象,首先对自然和饱水状态下岩样进行单轴和三轴压缩试验,分析水岩作用下软岩的力学特性;然后采用X射线衍射技术对不同含水状态下软岩微观结构进行对比研究;最后基于试验结果对滇中地区红层软岩遇水软化机制进行了探讨。研究结果表明:水岩作用下软岩力学性质劣化明显,岩石峰值抗压强度显著降低,岩体破坏程度提高;软岩黏土矿物颗粒吸水膨胀,微观结构由致密的团粒状转变为疏松多孔的不规则片状和鳞片状结构;伊利石等黏土矿物与水反应,产生的不均匀应力和大量微孔隙导致软岩内部结构破坏;红层软岩的遇水软化机制包括软岩矿物的溶蚀和次生作用、黏土矿物的吸水膨胀与崩解、软岩与水作用导致颗粒间胶结连结破坏等。     

扬子板块北缘镇巴地区吴家坪组富Li-REE-Nb-V黏土岩地球化学特征及其地质找矿意义

沉积型锂矿主要产于黏土岩中,黏土岩的主微量元素可有效识别沉积物源及沉积环境。本文首次报道扬子板块北缘镇巴地区二叠系吴家坪组黏土岩锂、稀土、铌、钒等元素超异常富集的特征,基于详细的地球化学研究和区域地质资料,分析吴家坪组黏土岩的形成环境及沉积物源,并探讨扬子板块北缘锂、稀土找矿方向。研究表明,镇巴地区吴家坪组黏土岩产于晚二叠世,发育于吴家坪组与阳新组的平行不整合界面之上,代表了古风化壳沉积,黏土岩的Li2O最高品位0.39%,ΣREO（稀土氧化物总量）最高品位0.142%,V2O5最高品位0.26%,Nb2O5最高品位0.022%。主、微量元素地球化学特征指示黏土岩形成于咸化-半咸化海水相,氧化-还原过渡、碱性的沉积环境,对应于黏土岩化阶段。综合矿物学、地球化学、区域地质资料,认为研究区吴家坪组黏土岩来源于峨眉山大火成岩省的玄武岩,锂元素的富集与火山岩受流体交代-淋滤有关。扬子板块北缘广泛发育吴家坪组黏土岩,规模较大,锂、稀土、铌、钒综合成矿效果较好,找矿潜力巨大,应重点关注与沉积间断面有关的关键金属矿产,助力新一轮找矿突破。     

软地层中斜拉群锚特性的研究

为了研究上海地区土层锚杆的群锚效应，本文以明德林（Ｍｉｎｄｌｉｎ）解为基础，通过引用根据试验所得的锚杆非线性传递函数，对软地层中斜拉锚杆的长度、间距、入土深度、压浆等因素对群锚效应的影响进行了探讨，得出一些有价值的结果。     

岩石/结构面劣化导致巴东组软硬互层岩体强度劣化的作用机制

岩石/结构面劣化导致巴东组软硬互层岩体强度劣化的作用机制是揭示三峡库区库岸消落带巴东组软硬互层岩体强度渐进劣化机理和评价库岸边坡稳定性的关键问题.以三峡库区典型"易滑岩组"巴东组第二段红色系列的砂岩与粉砂质泥岩互层岩组为研究对象,考虑干湿循环条件下岩石/结构面参数劣化,开展了软硬互层岩体单轴压缩数值试验,分析了软岩/硬岩/层面劣化对巴东组软硬互层岩体单轴压缩强度劣化的贡献度及其与岩层倾角的关系.研究结果表明,不同岩层倾角条件下,软岩/硬岩/层面劣化对巴东组软硬互层岩体单轴压缩强度劣化的影响有明显区别,以软岩/硬岩/层面劣化对巴东组软硬互层岩体单轴压缩强度劣化的贡献度为依据,将岩层倾角全范围划分为软岩控制区、软岩-硬岩-层面共同控制区、沿层面滑移失稳破坏区和硬岩控制区,揭示了岩石/结构面劣化导致巴东组软硬互层岩体强度劣化的作用机制及其受岩层倾角的影响,为进一步研究库岸消落带巴东组软硬互层岩体强度渐进劣化机理奠定了基础.      

软土一维次固结特性试验研究

基于南京河西地区原状和重塑软粘土的一系列一维次固结试验,探讨了预压荷载、加荷比、加荷方式对重塑软土次固结系数的影响以及原状土的次固结变形特征。试验结果表明：当荷载小于预压荷载时,预压能明显减小次固结系数,反之,预压对次固结系数的影响不明显．加荷比对次固结系数的影响明显,次固结系数随加荷比的增大而增大;分级加荷对应的次固结系数要大于分别加荷所对应的次固结系数;该地区原状土的蠕变属于衰减蠕变。     

Creep Damage Characteristics of Soft Rock under Disturbance Loads

This article focuses on the process of rock creep damage and micro-damage evolution properties of gray green mudstone under impacting disturbance load conditions for the first time using the real time computerized tomography (CT) testing technique. The results indicate that axial load comes into limit strength neighborhood, rock micro-crack links into larger crack, creep rate increases in a short time, larger plastic deformation happens; this is called disturbance accelerating creep stage. When rock is within limit strength neighborhood, there occurs creep micro-damage under smaller disturbance load. When disturbance load is larger, rock directly enters into disturbance accelerating creep stage, failure occurs instantaneously. On the basis of experimental research, the CT scanning method was used to describe the creep micro-damage of soft rock, also helpful in the prediction of roadways' service life and evaluation of geotechnicai engineering stability.     

Material Composition and Engineering Characteristics of Red Clay in Guigang, Guangxi

Red clay is highly silty clay with red and yellowcolors, formed by the weathering and laterization ocarbonate rocks in hot and wet climate condition(Wiesner, 1999; The Committee of the Handbook oGeological Engineering, 1993). Guigang in Guangxis in a low latitude, sub tropical climate, so its sum mer is long and its winter is short, and heat and pre cipitation are profuse. Carbonate rocks are wideldistributed. Given such a geological environment anweathering conditions, …     

Compacting Deformation Engineering Characteristics of Weathered Soft Rock Mixture in Subgrade

The engineering characteristics of weathered soft rock are important contents of soft rock mechanics. They also play a significant role in compacting deformation, which has been known to exert a significant amount of influence on the stability of highway filling subgrade engineering. In an effort to investigate this aspect of the problem, compacting tests and unconfined compressive strength tests have been carried out on weathered argillaceous slate and pelitic siitstone rocks, which are broken and graded before the test. The testing results indicate that the relationships of both between stress and strain and between axial strain and tangent modulus are exponential relationships; the size of the grain plays some influence on the deformation modulus, whereas the water content impacts the compressive strength greatly, which shows quadratic function; the unconfined compressive strength is linear with the dry density of loose soft rock mixtures. Therefore, the water content must be controlled in both the design and the construction of subgrade engineering of soft rock filling, and at the same time some effective measures should be taken to reach the requirement of compaction.     

贵州红粘土的孔隙特征及区域性分布规律

本文通过红粘土电镜资料研究贵州红粘土微观结构,印证了其微结构是复杂的二重空间结构,并运用SPSS数据分析软件,对贵州七个地区1858组土工实验数据进行统计分析,研究红粘土的孔隙性指标在水平方向上的分布规律及深度方向上的变化规律,得出贵州红粘土孔隙性指标在水平横向的总趋势为由西向东逐渐减小;水平纵向孔隙指标北部由北向南孔隙指标呈现减小趋势,南部由北向南孔隙指标亦呈现减小趋势;而在剖面深度方向孔隙性指标由上至下呈增大的趋势。     

Strength and Compressibility Characteristics of a Soft Clay Subjected to Ground Treatment

The compressibility properties, undrained shear strength, and stress history are essential for reliable calculations of settlement and bearing capacity of soft soils. However, it is sometimes a challenge to determine representative parameters for very soft and high plasticity clays, which are often found in Brazilian coastal areas. In this study an extensive site investigation was planned aiming to interpret the behaviour of a trial embankment on stabilized soft ground. The site investigation was carried out in a test area located in the west of city of Rio de Janeiro, consisted of three clusters in which standard penetration tests, vane shear tests, and piezocone tests (CPTu) were performed. A number of correlations was developed and compared with empirical equations in order to verify their reliability. The results of these tests made it possible to define geotechnical parameters of the soft clay to use in the numerical and analytical computations of the embankment on reinforced ground.     

上海软粘土微观特性及在土体变形中的作用

本文综合最新测试成果,对上海软粘土的颗粒及集合体成分、固结前后的孔径分布及其微结构形态作了详细分析论述,并从物理化学角度对孔隙溶液成分、阳离子的交换性及人工回灌后对土体性质可能带来的影响作了探讨,对软粘土固结变形的控制提出了新的设想。     

风化粘土层-半风化岩石型不整合的矿物学、地球化学特征

不整合是构造运动和海(湖) 平面升降的产物, 其风化粘土层可作为油藏的良好封盖层, 半风化岩石孔缝系统可作为油气运移通道, 也可为油气聚集提供良好储层.深入分析不整合结构在矿物含量变化、元素及其氧化物含量变化方面的微观特征是划分不整合结构的基础, 对不整合油气藏的勘探实践具有重要意义.不整合结构可划分为风化粘土层-半风化岩石型、半风化岩石型和沉积间断型.通过济阳坳陷义和庄凸起前第三系风化粘土层-半风化岩石型不整合结构矿物与元素变化的实测数据, 结合典型地区风化壳的矿物、元素分析结果, 分析了风化粘土层-半风化岩石型不整合结构的矿物学、常量元素地球化学特征: 其矿物学特征主要表现为长石、云母等原生矿物的蚀变和高岭石、伊利石及蒙脱石等次生粘土矿物的明显增多, 粘土矿物在风化粘土层中部或风化粘土层下部-半风化岩石上部较为富集; 其常量元素地球化学特征表现为Ca、Na元素含量迅速减少, 在风化粘土层下部与半风化岩石上部通常具有Fe、Al元素的富集带, K、Mg元素的变化由于交代作用等因素而变得复杂.