河网化的分区及渠道的布置原则的探讨

根据本区的地形、水文,地质及水文地质特点,按河网化的需要,概可划分为以下几区: 工 区 本区范围位于调查区之南部,标高一般在200—800米之间。地形崎岖,割切强烈,冲沟甚为发育,割切深度一般为10一30M,冲沟长度为500—1000米,长者可达3000—5000M。坡角为20—70°。这些沟谷相互啣接,构成间歇河流。因岩性分布不均,风化强度不一,故在河流间常形成一些袋状地形,如管帅,后泥牛等皆是。这些冲沟与河流构成北部各大河     

罗布莎矿的发现及铁的硅化物的晶体化学

0 引言 西藏罗布莎铬铁矿矿物学研究首先是由1981年在罗布莎和东巧两个地幔橄榄岩中发现了金刚石而引发的.1996～2004年,在地矿部地调局和加拿大NSERC资助下开展了"西藏超高压矿物群"的课题研究.     

国土的光荣 广西的骄傲

广西这片英雄的土地素来豪杰并起、英才辈出,明代有抗倭巾帽瓦氏夫人,晚清有抗法勇士冯子材;近代有东兰革命武装早期领导人韦拔群,抗日名将李宗仁;和平年代有农民的好榜样韦江歌,人民的好检察官陈革。如今,先辈们曾经洒过热血、滴过汗水的神奇土地上又出现一位壮族楷模、八桂骄子,     

做高科技的主力 新能源的先锋

在国家住房和城乡建设主管部门的领导下．尤其是在市场管理主管司有关领导的亲切关怀下,我院通过历届领导班子的努力．尤其是通过改制以后的快速成长,获得了工程设计综合甲级证书,揭开了十一院发展历史崭新的一页。我院与兄弟大院相比仍有差距．要继续按照国家住房和城乡建设主管部门的要求,努力将我院发展成为一个国际工程公司型的大院。     

我的理想我的梦

公元二零一三年的春天与以往不同,一个名词“中国梦”飞速走红！ 它旋即进入了中国高层的思维和决策也迅速飞进了每个中国人的脑海与心中！     

沉积相的一些术语定义的评论

近年来,在《古地理学报》(中文版和英文版)的已刊文章和来稿中,一些作者把岩石或岩石类型称作“微相”或“岩相”,把岩石薄片中的微观特征称作“微相”,把岩石的宏观特征称作“宏观相”。笔者曾写过2篇中文的短文《主编的话——岩石不是微相》和《主编的话——岩石不是岩相》,刊于《古地理学报》(中文版)中。但是此二文尚未引起国内外广大读者的关注。还有,在20世纪80年代,一些中国沉积学家根据野外露头和钻井岩心的岩石宏观特征,提出了“亚相”和“微相”。这个“微相”的定义与外国沉积学家在20世纪40年代根据岩石的显微镜下微观特征提出的“微相”的定义完全不同。这些问题屡屡出现从而迫使笔者,作为《古地理学报》(中文版和英文版)的主编,应该遵循“百花齐放和百家争鸣”的方针,再写出1篇中文及英文兼有的新文章,即《沉积相的一些术语定义的评论》(A review on the definitions of terms of sedimentary facies),把沉积相的一些术语,如“相”、“沉积相”、“岩相”、两种“微相”、“宏观相”、“亚相”等术语的定义讲清楚,并把此文同时在《古地理学报》(中文版和英文版)中刊出。希此文能引起国内外广大读者的关注,并撰写文章和参与这些问题讨论及争鸣,争取逐步得到一些共识,从而促进沉积学和古地理学的进步与发展。     

明清的缩影宁静的前童

前童镇位于浙江省宁海西南,始建于南宋绍定六年（公元1233年）。江南的小镇,宁静的美丽中叙说着历史的沧桑。悠久的历史、深厚的文化积淀和独特的地理环境造就了前童古镇独特的气息,因而前童被称之为“浙江省历史文化名镇”、“浙江省旅游城镇”和“中国历史文化名镇”。〈br〉 前童,是一个不凡的江南明清时期的民居原版,是一幅古韵浓重的乡村画,更是一段优美动人的江南丝竹小调。它以民居布局奇特、明清古建筑群保存完好及人才辈出而闻名遐迩。     

建筑的未来 智慧的发展

<正>当前,"智慧"成为热门词汇,从智慧城市到智慧建筑、智慧施工,都日渐成为行业关注的热点。智慧建筑应该是什么样的建筑?我们认为,智慧的建筑应该是以人为本的建筑。智慧建筑"以人为本"建筑是能耗和碳排放的大户。根据《"十二五"绿色建筑科技发展专项规划》,在全社会的能耗和碳排放中,建筑业占比超过40%,远超工业的28%和交通运输的32%。目前,中国建筑95%以上是高能耗建     

身边的典型 学习的楷模

我对李荣江同志的先进事迹,最初是从新闻媒体上获悉的,即《中国国土资源报》刊出的《走进百姓心中的国土人——记浙江省台州市国土资源局派出农村工作指导员李荣江》,与此同时,又在网上浏览了许多有关学习宣传李荣江先事迹的专题报导,而后又视频收看了省国土厅在杭举行的李荣江先进事迹电视电话报告会实况。学习李荣江事迹,我心情倍加激动,他在平凡的岗位做出了不平凡的业绩,为国土系统争得了荣誉,是国土人学习的楷模。     

广义相对论的时空及参照系的数学模型

本之运用拓朴学及流形几何的概念,给出一般时空应具备的几个数学条件,结合相应的物理含义加以说明,并给出了参照系的数学定义及物理意义.     

南秦岭下地壳组成及岩石圈的拆离俯冲作用

根据新提供的Pb同位素组成及岩石地球化学研究成果，本文进一步证实了位于北秦岭北界的明港地区发育的早中生代安山玄武质火山角砾岩岩筒所携带的下地壳捕虏体属于南秦岭。所恢复的南秦岭下地壳剖面自下而上为：底侵成因的变辉长岩-基性麻粒岩(其中含有榴辉岩及辉石岩的透镜体)-酸性麻粒岩。秦岭造山带总体的岩石因模型为：南秦岭(扬子块体)向北拆离俯冲，北秦岭地壳向华北仰冲，华北岩石因呈楔状插入秦岭造山带，拆离面约在中、下地壳之间。南秦岭俯冲岩片延伸的范围在平面上有可能达到400km。     

青藏高原综合观测研究站的回顾与展望

中国科学院青藏高原综合观测研究站从１９８８年建站到１９９８年以来,在各个方面均取得了长足的发展,横向生产性项目的开展和完成不仅解决了部队和地方的实际问题,而且缓和了观测研究站在运行过程中所面临的经费严重不足的问题,同时也为我所冻土专业研究人员提供了在生产中实践的机会,在基础理论研究方面,承担了国家攀登计划项目,国家基金项目,中国科学院重点项目和中国科学院冰冻圈专项项目等的研究工作,在多年冻土变化,     

铀钍的地球化学及对地壳演化和生物进化的影响

本文论述了在含挥发份和贫挥发份条件下Ｕ、Ｔｈ的迁移行为及其对地球和行星演化的影响,并阐述了造成地球独特地质演化历史的原因。提出了Ｕ、Ｔｈ在地球中的迁移模式以及该模式对地壳形成、演化的控制作用和对生物发展演化的可能影响。     

Wavelets and the Generalization of the Variogram

The experimental variogram computed in the usual way by the method of moments and the Haar wavelet transform are similar in that they filter data and yield informative summaries that may be interpreted. The variogram filters out constant values; wavelets can filter variation at several spatial scales and thereby provide a richer repertoire for analysis and demand no assumptions other than that of finite variance. This paper compares the two functions, identifying that part of the Haar wavelet transform that gives it its advantages. It goes on to show that the generalized variogram of order k=1, 2, and 3 filters linear, quadratic, and cubic polynomials from the data, respectively, which correspond with more complex wavelets in Daubechies's family. The additional filter coefficients of the latter can reveal features of the data that are not evident in its usual form. Three examples in which data recorded at regular intervals on transects are analyzed illustrate the extended form of the variogram. The apparent periodicity of gilgais in Australia seems to be accentuated as filter coefficients are added, but otherwise the analysis provides no new insight. Analysis of hyerpsectral data with a strong linear trend showed that the wavelet-based variograms filtered it out. Adding filter coefficients in the analysis of the topsoil across the Jurassic scarplands of England changed the upper bound of the variogram; it then resembled the within-class variogram computed by the method of moments. To elucidate these results, we simulated several series of data to represent a random process with values fluctuating about a mean, data with long-range linear trend, data with local trend, and data with stepped transitions. The results suggest that the wavelet variogram can filter out the effects of long-range trend, but not local trend, and of transitions from one class to another, as across boundaries.     

共和盆地层状地貌系统与青藏高原隆升及黄河发育

利用卫星遥感影像,结合实地调查和测年结果,对共和盆地层状地貌系统进行了解译、分析。研究表明,共和盆地层状地貌系统由山麓剥蚀面、洪积扇面、盆地面以及黄河阶地面构成,其空间结构、物质组成对发生于早更新世早期的青藏运动C幕和中更新世末期的共和运动反映清晰。青藏运动C幕使青藏高原主夷平面在高原差异性隆升中彻底解体,垂直变形量高达1700m。共和运动使黄河在0.11Ma进入共和盆地,其后黄河平均以3.5mm/a的侵蚀速率下切盆地,同时在盆地边部的山前古冲洪积扇以大致相近的速率被抬升,最终导致高差在2000m左右的层状地貌系统的出现。     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

南海的形成演化与新特提斯在南海的重新活化

南海位于印度板块、欧亚板块和太平洋板块之间,是世界上最大的边缘海,其构造位置处于太平洋构造域和特提斯构造域,地质构造复杂.关于南海形成演化的动力学机制存在有多种不同观点,其中最重要的一个观点是印度板块与欧亚板块的碰撞致使华南地块和印支地块地幔物质沿东南方向蠕动,从而导致南海的海底扩张.从特提斯的演化规律,以及新特提斯的闭合过程来看,南海并不是特提斯洋的残留海,而是新特提斯在闭合过程中配合印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞导致华南地块和印支地块地幔物质东南方向蠕动的动力学机制下,在南海重新活化的结果.     

Principles of spatial organization and evolution of the biosphere and the noosphere

In his last lifetime essay, “A Few Words about the Noosphere”, Academician V.I. Vernadsky (1944) wrote that all living organisms on the planet, including man, are integral to the biosphere of the Earth, its material and energy structure and cannot be physically independent of it even for a minute. However, the substrate that generates all living beings and is no less tightly bound to the biosphere has always been characterized by a significant geochemical heterogeneity, traced both in the vertical and in the lateral structure of all geospheres.

The present work is devoted to three most important aspects of modern geochemistry and biogeochemistry:

• — evolution of the ecological and geochemical state of the environment under conditions of a virgin (anthropogenically untouched) biosphere;
• — structural features of the geochemical organization of the modern noosphere;
• — specificity of the interaction of living matter with the environment under increasing anthropogenic load.

On the basis of theoretical concepts of biogeochemistry and geochemical ecology, formulated in the works of V.I. Vernadsky, A.P. Vinogradov, A.E. Fersman, B.B. Polynov, A.I. Perel’man, M.A. Glazovskaya, V.V. Kovalsky, E. Odum, B. Commoner, E.I. Kolchinskii and others, the author puts forward a hypothesis that there exist two qualitatively different stages in the evolution of the biosphere.The first stage is recognized as the period of natural evolution of the biosphere during which it evolves successively into a more complex and more biogeochemically specialized object. In the course of the geological time, this constantly results, on the one hand, in an increase in species diversity and the perfection of individual species, and, on the other hand, to directed improvement and a greater differentiation of the geochemical conditions of the environment. At this stage, the evolution of all systems of the biosphere that were controlled by the mechanisms of self-organization and self-regulation resulted in the establishment of a dynamic equilibrium, which was responsible for the cycling of all essential chemical elements and therefore providing ecologically optimal geochemical conditions in all ecological niches and for all species and biocenoses inhabiting the biosphere at any given moment.The beginning of the second stage is related to the appearance of reason and qualitative changes in the biosphere caused by the goal-directed activity of the human mind, as an entirely new geological force that appeared to be able not only to disrupt the functioning of natural mechanisms of self-regulation and selforganization, but also to transform the environment in the intersts of a single biological species, Homo sapiens. A direct consequence of this change was the uncontrolled transformation of the natural environment, during which the primary structure (geochemical background) created in the course of billions of years was eventually superimposed by a qualitatively new layer of anthropogenically-derived chemical elements and compounds, thus building an interference pattern of a new geochemical field with which practically all modern living organisms are now forced to interact.An outstanding feature of the new evolutionary stage of the natural environment, called by Vernadsky the noosphere, is that biogeochemical changes at this stage proceed at a rate which exceeds that required for the living matter to adapt to these changes. The result is the disruption of the existing parameters of the biological cycle, leading to the emergence of a significant number of endemic diseases of geochemical nature.The proposed approach was used to prove the anthropogenic genesis of existing geochemical endemic diseases and explain the mechanisms of their appearance. In addition, this approach allowed us to develop a new methodology for mapping zones of ecological and geochemical risk and noticeably simplify the procedure of monitoring distribution and prevention of all diseases of geochemical nature.