矿井无线电波透视技术探测模式研究

为了使矿井无线电波透视的探测效率最大化,笔者研究了其各种工作模式,通过数学分析得出了各种模式中主机行走距离、总探测时间、时间利用率、行走速度、可探测最大工作面长度的计算公式。以此为基础,形成探测参数计算表。对于实际工作中的不同长度工作面的探测,可根据此表的计算结果来选择合理的工作模式和发射时间和搬站时间,以达到最大探测效率的目的。     

电法在探测岩溶上的应用

通过对电法中几种常用方法的分析，说明其在岩溶探测中有效，并提出了七种确定岩溶的方法。     

地面微重力方法在地质灾害调查中的应用效果

地面微重力方法用于地质灾害调查在我国是一新的应用领域。本文简要介绍了地面微重力方法用于地质灾害调查的理论基础、工作方法及干扰场的特征与消除方法;并从大量的生产成果中筛选出一些较典型的实例,论证了地面微重力法在不同地质环境中,勘查地质灾害的可行性及地质效果。      

地球深部探测国际发展与我国现状综述

探测人类居住的地球内部的结构和组成是地质学家和地球物理学家共同的奋斗目标。本文介绍了上世纪70年代以来世界主要国家的国际地球探测计划的主要内容,包括美国大陆反射地震探测计划(COCORP)、地球透镜计划(EarthScope),欧洲地球探测计划(EUROPROBE)、德国大陆反射地震计划(DEKORP)、英国反射地震计划(BIRPS)、意大利地壳探测计划(CROP)、瑞士地壳探测计划(NRP20),俄罗斯深部探测计划,加拿大岩石圈探测计划(LITHOPROBE),澳大利亚四维地球动力学计划(AGCRC)、澳大利亚玻璃地球计划(Glass-Earth)和澳大利亚地球探测计划(AuScope),简要概括了国际地球探测计划的成果,回顾了我国地球深部探测的历史与工作基础,简要论述了我国开展地壳探测计划的必要性,并介绍了近期启动的国家科学专项"深部探测技术与实验研究"的目标与"两网、两区、四带、多点"的工作部署,展望了我国地球深部探测发展的未来。     

基于GeoMedia的考古探测GIS数据库研究

通过对金沙遗址考古探测数据的分析,结合考古探测的具体需求,详细阐述了考古探测GIS(Geographic Information System)数据库的设计目标、逻辑结构,以及针对探测数据设计的数据分析功能。同时,还介绍了在GeoMed ia软件平台上,金沙遗址考古探测GIS数据库的建立过程,并实现了数据存储和数据分析功能。通过该数据库的建立和分析,体现出探测GIS数据库在考古探测中的功能和意义,为考古探测GIS系统的建立奠定了基础。     

近岸海底管线路由调查与管线的探测

在近岸海底管线路由调查的探测过程中，回声测深仪或多波束测深仪、旁侧声纳扫描、浅地层剖面仪和海洋磁力仪是探测的主要仪器。回声测深仪测量水深和了解地形变化，旁侧声纳扫描探测海床的岩石露头、管线以及锚痕、沙波等海床地貌和地质灾害现象，浅地层剖面主要探测浅埋岩石、管线及海底浅部的地质灾害现象，海洋磁力仪探测带有磁性的管线等物体。以上几种方法综合使用，可以探测管线或探明路由的地质情况，海底地质灾害是威胁管线的重要因素。     

探地雷达在浅层工程勘查中的应用

在实践基础上，总结了探地雷达超浅异常体探测经验，并对野外参数的选取及其对探测效果的影响进行了分析、研究，文章提供的实例对研究探地雷达探测应用效果有一定参考价值     

瓦房店三家子地区岩溶探测与研究

在辽南瓦房店三家子岩溶发育区进行地震地质调查与工程地质钻探的基础上，布置了ＣＴ层析成像，地质雷达等多种地球物理探测，结果表明，本区断裂构造纵横交错，第四系覆盖层厚度为６－９ｍ，基岩是由寒武系下统的厚层灰岩或泥灰岩组成，岩溶发育，埋深多为１０－３０ｍ，少数为５０－７０。     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

塘口水电站坝基岩体透水性和渗漏问题分析

塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Calculation of the Inverse of the Covariance

In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Artemia in the Salt Lakes of Russia:the Productivity of Populations,the Reserves of the Cysts and the Fisheries

正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the