长江中下游岸线资源的特征及其评价利用

Waterfront resources are important and special kind of natural resources in the marginal area between land and water.The Yangtze River,the longest river in China,is not only rich in waterfront resources,but also has favorable development conditions with great potentiality.Aided by large-scale underwater topographic map,the major factors of the waterfront resources in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,such as the stability,the water depth and the natural conditions for port construction,are assessed in this paper rspectively on the basis of the overall investigations.The results show that:(1)the waterfront resources are abundant in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,but lack of perfectly combined high grade waterfront;(2)there exists and obvious regional difference in the natural quality of the waterfront along the Yangtze;(3)the fore-bank water depth and waterfront stability are the main natural factors related to the waterfront auality in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River;(4)the waterfronts along the Yangtze are mainly used for port,warehouse and industrial pruposes; and (5)the waterfronts near important cities are highly used,especially the high-quality waterfronts.In addition,some suggestions for the development and utilization of the waterfront resources are presented in this paper.     

2005-2014年长江经济带城镇化效率时空格局特征（英文）

The question of how to generate maximum socio-economic benefits while at the same time minimizing input from urban land resources lies at the core of regional ecological civilization construction.We apply stochastic frontier analysis(SFA)in this study to municipal input-output data for the period between 2005 and 2014 to evaluate the urbanization efficiency of 110 cities within the Yangtze River Economic Belt(YREB)and then further assess the spatial association characteristics of these values.The results of this study initially reveal that the urbanization efficiency of the YREB increased from 0.34 to 0.53 between 2005 and2014,a significant growth at a cumulative rate of 54.07%.Data show that the efficiency growth rate of cities within the upper reaches of the Yangtze River has been faster than that of their counterparts in the middle and lower reaches,and that there is also a great deal of additional potential for growth in urbanization efficiency across the whole area.Secondly,results show that urbanization efficiency conforms to a"bar-like"distribution across the whole area,gradually decreasing from the east to the west.This trend highlights great intra-provincial differences,but also striking inter-provincial variation within the upper,middle,and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.The total urbanization efficiency of cities within the lower reaches of the river has been the highest,followed successively by those within the middle and upper reaches.Finally,values for Moran’s I within this area remained higher than zero over the study period and have increased annually;this result indicates a positive spatial correlation between the urbanization efficiency of cities and annual increments in agglomeration level.Our use of the local indicators of spatial association(LISA)statistic has enabled us to quantify characteristics of"small agglomeration and large dispersion".Thus,"high-high" (H-H)agglomeration areas can be seen to have spread outwards from around Zhejiang Province and the city of Shanghai,while areas characterized by"low-low"(L-L)patterns are mainly concentrated in the north of Anhui Province and in Sichuan Province.The framework and results of this research are of considerable significance to our understanding of both land use sustainability and balanced development.     

中国沿海地区农户对新农村建设响应的区域差异(英文)

To tackle the issues concerning agriculture,farmers,and rural areas,the central government of China initiated a new strategy called ’new countryside construction’ in 2005.For better understanding its actual effect,this paper analyzes the regional diversity of peasant household response to this new countryside construction strategy based on Kruskal-Wallis H test and sampling survey data from 586 households in the Bohai Rim Region (BRR),Yangtze River Delta Region (YDR),and Pan Pearl River Delta Region (PPR).The result indicates that regional diversity in eastern coastal China (ECC) does exist in the form of recognized priority sequence,policy requirements,expected policy effects,and behavior response.As a result of the deviation between local policy practice and households’ inherent demand,peasants fulfill their de facto demand via individual effort instead of government aid,and therefore the new countryside construction fails to carry out the expected target.It thus needs to shift the current policy priority,ensure the peasants’ mainstay role,and formulate scientific ’Rules for new countryside construction’.     

Assessment and analysis of ecosystem services value along the Yangtze River under the background of the Yangtze River protection strategy

The Yangtze River is the third largest river in the world and the longest and largest river in China.China has adopted a national strategy to protect the Yangtze River.A better understanding of the ecosystem services value along the Yangtze River would provide support for the Yangtze River protection strategy.Using Costanza’s method to estimate the ecosystem services value,the value of 10 ecosystem services was estimated within 1 km and 2 km from the Yangtze River in 2017.These 10 services were derived from the four established groupings of provisioning,regulating,supporting,and cultural services.This study compared and analyzed the changes in the ecosystem services value in the upper,middle,and lower reaches of the river,and in provinces,cities,and villages along the Yangtze River.The total ecosystem services value within 1 km and 2 km from the river was 37.208 and 43.769 billion yuan,respectively.Within 1 km,the ecosystem services value in the middle reaches was 12.93 billion yuan,while the next highest value was in the upper reaches at 12.45 billion yuan,and the downstream area had the smallest value of 11.855 billion yuan.Within 2 km,the value of upstream ecosystem services was the highest at 16.31 billion yuan,while the second highest value was in the middle reaches at 14.376 billion yuan,and the smallest value was in the downstream area at 13.083 billion yuan.In the Yangtze River Basin,regulating services played a leading role,accounting for 81.6%and 78.9%of the ecosystem services value within 1 km and 2 km from the river,respectively.Among the 10 ecosystem services,hydrological regulation was the most important,while the value of raw material production made the smallest contribution.Among the provinces and cities along the Yangtze River,the highest ecosystem services value was in Hubei Province,while the lowest values were in Shanghai and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.If villages within 1 km and 2 km from the river were to be relocated,the total regional ecological value would increase by 527 and 975 million yuan,respectively.     

Variation of gross primary productivity dominated by leaf area index in significantly greening area

The leaf area index(LAI) shows a significant increasing trend from global to regional scales, which is known as greening. Greening will further enhance photosynthesis, but it is unclear whether the contribution of greening has exceeded the CO₂ fertilization effect and become the dominant factor in the gross primary productivity(GPP) variation. We took the Yangtze River Delta(YRD) of China, where cropland and natural vegetation are significantly greening, as an example. Based on the bo...     

Spatial distribution and the scale effect of influencing factors of specialized and sophisticated enterprises that produce new and unique products in the Yangtze River Delta region: Based on the buffer and MGWR analyses北大核心CSCD

High-quality cultivation of specialized and sophisticated enterprises that produce new and unique products is an important starting point for consolidating the security foundation of China's industrial chain and supply chain. Using buffer zone analysis and the multi-scale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model, this study explored the spatial distribution of specialized and sophisticated enterprises that produce new and unique products in the Yangtze River Delta region and influencing factors in 2021. The study found that: 1) Spatially, Shanghai is the main area where specialized and sophisticated enterprises that produce new and unique products are concentrated, followed by provincial capitals and cities on the coast and along rivers; The overall composition of the industry is unbalanced, and the real economic industries such as machinery and equipment manufacturing and high-tech manufacturing account for a relatively high proportion, but there are differences in different regions. 2) In terms of spatial agglomeration, differences between circles and the scale effect are obvious. Within each province, the spatial distribution of specialized and sophisticated enterprises that produce new and unique products in different cities is uneven. Region-wide, the overall spatial distribution pattern of "one pole and multiple cores" is evident. Shanghai is the main agglomeration area for these enterprises, and the provincial capital cities and cities that are the regional economic centers are the secondary agglomeration areas of these enterprises. 3) The four dimensions of influencing factors—physical geography, government, market, and society—have a scale effect on the spatial distribution of specialized and sophisticated enterprises that produce new and unique products. The degree of land development acts at a small scale, which is a local variable, and shows a large difference in the impact on the spatial distribution of these enterprises across the region. Factors such as elevation, government-business relationship, degree of marketization, number and scale of enterprises, degree of openness, logistics development level, and innovation environment are global variables, and except that the degree of marketization and the number of enterprises have a significant negative impact on the spatial distribution of these enterprises, the impact of all other factors is significantly positive. The research results can provide support for the optimization of the layout of new special expertise enterprise space in the Yangtze River Delta region, in order to provide reference for the formulation of new special expertise policies and industrial planning. © 2023, Editorial office of PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. All rights reserved.     

中国创新型城市的可持续发展——定量评估与创新未来(英文)

Innovative cities not only constitute an important basis for innovation activities, but also play a strategically critical role in constructing an innovative country, producing new forms of urban development, and fostering urban sustainable development. Currently, China is marching toward the goal of establishing an innovative country by 2020, but in the start-up phase of this process of innovative city construction, the fundamental transition from factor-driven development to innovation-driven development is not being realized. As a result,a wide gap currently exists between China's innovative cities and the advanced innovative cities in developed countries. This paper argues that this necessary transition is being constrained by a series of bottlenecks in investment, income, techniques, contributions, and talents. The article takes 287 prefecture-level cities as its object of comprehensive assessment, developing a comprehensive assessment system for innovative cities and devising innovative monitoring system software in order to evaluate the current situation in China's innovative city construction. The analysis addresses four key aspects – namely,independent innovation, industrial innovation, living environmental innovation, and institutional innovation – as well as the spatial heterogeneity of the innovative city construction process. The results demonstrate that the level of innovation in Chinese cities is low, and the paper warns that building an innovation-oriented country will, as a consequence,be difficult. Some 87.8% of the cities studied maintained comprehensive levels of innovation that were lower than the national average. The level of comprehensive innovation in a city was found to have close and positive correlation with economic development. The level of the eastern region of China was, in particular, found to be significantly higher than that of the central and western regions. The levels of urban independent innovation, industrial innovation,environmental innovation, and institutional innovation showed consistent spatial heterogeneity, as did the comprehensive level of innovation in cities. In the future, the authors suggest, China should speed up the construction process in accordance with the basic principles of "independent innovation, breakthroughs in key fields, market-oriented, regional interaction, talent-supported," with the purpose of building up Beijing, Shenzhen, Shanghai,and Guangzhou as global innovation centers; and Nanjing, Suzhou, Xiamen, Hangzhou, Wuxi,Xi'an, Wuhan, Shenyang, Dalian, Tianjin, Changsha, Qingdao, Chengdu, Changchun, Hefei,and Chongqing as national innovation centers, by 2020. Through this process, China will finally build a national urban innovation network that includes 4 global innovative cities, 16 national innovative cities, 30 regional innovative cities, 55 local innovative cities, and 182innovation-driven development cities, thereby contributing to the establishment of an innovative country by 2020.     

2000–2011年三江源区植被覆盖时空变化特征(英文)

The Three-River Headwaters Region(TRHR), which is the source area of the Yangtze River, Yellow River, and Lancang River, is of key importance to the ecological security of China. Because of climate changes and human activities, ecological degradation occurred in this region. Therefore, "The nature reserve of Three-River Source Regions" was established, and "The project of ecological protection and construction for the Three-River Headwaters Nature Reserve" was implemented by the Chinese government. This study, based on MODIS-NDVI and climate data, aims to analyze the spatiotemporal changes in vegetation coverage and its driving factors in the TRHR between 2000 and 2011, from three dimensions. Linear regression, Hurst index analysis, and partial correlation analysis were employed. The results showed the following:(1) In the past 12 years(2000–2011), the NDVI of the study area increased, with a linear tendency being 1.2%/10a, of which the Yangtze and Yellow River source regions presented an increasing trend, while the Lancang River source region showed a decreasing trend.(2) Vegetation coverage presented an obvious spatial difference in the TRHR, and the NDVI frequency was featured by a bimodal structure.(3) The area with improved vegetation coverage was larger than the degraded area, being 64.06% and 35.94%, respectively during the study period, and presented an increasing trend in the north and a decreasing trend in the south.(4) The reverse characteristics of vegetation coverage change are significant. In the future, degradation trends will be mainly found in the Yangtze River Basin and to the north of the Yellow River, while areas with improving trends are mainly distributed in the Lancang River Basin.(5) The response of vegetation coverage to precipitation and potential evapotranspiration has a time lag, while there is no such lag in the case of temperature.(6) The increased vegetation coverage is mainly attributed to the warm-wet climate change and the implementation of the ecological protection project.     

广东沿海赤潮发生与城市发展的关系

Red tides are one of the main coastal catastrophic events in Guangdong Province of southern China. The comparison between the number of red tide events and the development indexes of cities along the coasts of the province shows that the regional differences in red tide outbreaks has close relations with the coastal urban developments. The cause for an initiation of red tide blooms may be natural factors, while wastewater caused by the fast development of population, industry and aquiculture of the coastal cities enhanced the blooms. It may explain why the two periods of frequent outbreaks of the red tides over the last two decades matched the urban developments in the coastal areas of Guangdong not only spatially but also temporally. The red tides in the first period were restricted only to the coasts of middle Guangdong, where urbanization process was at a higher speed than the other coastal areas of the province. In the second period, fast development of the coastal cities in eastern Guangdong led to an increase in the occurrence of red tides in local sea areas of the same coasts.     

Growing impacts of low-flow events on vegetation dynamics in hydrologically connected wetlands downstream Yangtze River Basin after the operation of the Three Gorges Dam

Wetland vegetation is intimately related to floodplain inundations, which can be seriously affected by dam operation. Poyang Lake is the largest floodplain wetland in China and naturally connected with the Yangtze River and the Three Gorges Dam(TGD) upstream. To understand the potential impacts of TGD on Poyang Lake wetlands, we collected remote sensing imagery acquired during dry season from 1987 to 2020 and extracted vegetation coverage data in the Ganjiang Northern-branch Delta(GND) and the G...     

Regional accessibility of land traffic network in the Yangtze River Delta

In a given district, the accessibility of any point should be the synthetically evalua-tion of the internal and external accessibilities. Using MapX component and Delphi, the author presents an information system to calculate and analyze regional accessibility according to the shortest travel time, generating thus a mark diffusing figure. Based on land traffic network, this paper assesses the present and the future regional accessibilities of sixteen major cities in the Yangtze River Delta. The result shows that the regional accessibility of the Yangtze River Delta presents a fan with Shanghai as its core. The top two most accessible cities are Shanghai and Jiaxing, and the bottom two ones are Taizhou (Zhejiang province) and Nantong. With the construction of Sutong Bridge, Hangzhouwan Bridge and Zhoushan Bridge, the re-gional internal accessibility of all cities will be improved. Especially for Shaoxing, Ningbo and Taizhou (Jiangsu province), the regional internal accessibility will be decreased by one hour, and other cities will be shortened by about 25 minutes averagely. As the construction of Yangkou Harbor in Nantong, the regional external accessibility of the harbor cities in Jiangsu province will be speeded up by about one hour.     

基于陆路交通网的区域可达性评价——以长江三角洲为例

对于给定的区域而言,区内任意一点可达性的评价应当是区内可达性和区外可达性的综合评价。利用MapX控件和Delphi编程工具,开发了基于时间最短的区域可达性计算与分析信息系统,生成了可达性的分值扩散图。基于长江三角洲的陆路交通网,从时间距离的角度对长江三角洲内16个地级市目前和未来的区内可达性和区外可达性进行了评价。结果表明,长江三角洲区域可达性呈现出以上海为中心的扇状辐射,可达性最好的是上海和嘉兴,可达性最差的是台州和南通。随着苏通大桥、杭州湾跨海大桥和舟山大陆连岛工程的建成,长江三角洲地区内所有城市的区内可达性都有了提高,尤其是绍兴、宁波和泰州,区内可达性减少了1h,其余城市区内可达性平均减少了25 min。随着南通洋口港的建成,长江三角洲境内江苏城市以海港为节点的区外可达性都有不同程度的提高,到达海港的平均时间减少了近1h。     

江苏省沿江城市带的构建与发展研究

江苏沿江地区的社会经济发展水平及城市化率都比较高,且交通通信发达,但中等城市偏多、小城市较少,规模等级不完善。 通过把沿江地区的城市作为一个体系研究,研究城市间的空间组合及其协调发展问题,并突出了城镇间的跨江联动发展具有重要意义。沿江城市带可构建成"三轴三组团"式的空间格局,即宁通、宁苏、苏通三条城镇发展轴,宁仪、三江、泰扬三个城镇发展组团,其中宁通、宁苏二条沿江发展轴是城市带的中心轴线,沿江地区的高等级公路、铁路及跨江大桥是构建沿江城市带空间格局的主要依托。根据各发展轴及发展组团的特征,构建出了各发展轴(组团)的发展战略及城市发展方向。城市带的构建要以市场运作为主,并辅以行政手段,把区域共同发展作为目的。     

江苏交通可达性与区域经济发展水平关系测度——基于空间计量视角

交通基础设施建设与区域经济发展关系研究是交通地理学关注的焦点,但现有研究对于两者的内在关系仍存较多争议。鉴于此,将可达性不同概念纳入空间计量模型,构建包含可达性与经济变化的二阶空间滞后模型,试图从空间计量视角探讨可达性变动与区域经济发展的联系。研究显示：交通建设扩大了长江南北可达性的绝对差距,增强了长三角江苏部分城镇间的凝聚力,使苏中地区顺利融入长三角;在江苏“十一五”期间,交通建设并没有促进经济发达城镇带动周边城镇发展,但是交通建设改善了城镇发展环境,对经济持续发展有积极的作用;在加强交通基础设施建设中,应注意交通建设对经济发展的结构性效益。     

基于可达性与数据场的长三角经济区空间场能

空间场能是区域发展"龙头"借助区域联系通道带动外围地区发展的抽象表达,可有效刻画区域发展格局与空间差异。借助ArcGIS软件平台,采用栅格成本加权距离法、k阶数据场等模型,综合测度了长三角经济区区域可达性与空间场能,并揭示了该区域空间场能的空间格局与演变特征。研究表明:①2000年以来,长三角经济区中心城市取得了长足发展,且总体倾于均衡发展;②区域可达性条件不断改善,3 h时间圈的平均通达距离由2000年的81km提高到2008年的122 km;③区域空间场能显著增长且空间分异性显著,分布结构由单核“Z”字型向“多极”网络状形态转变;④长三角经济区空间场能分布格局可适度划分为高场能区、较高场能区、一般场能区、较低场能区、低场能区等5大类型,并呈现出圈层状特征与"两极分化"特征。     

航空客运业与区域经济互动的时空维度 ——以长三角地区为例

以长三角地区为例,使用GW相关分析、EOF分析和空间相关性分析方法,基于2005-2018年的航空客运业和经济发展统计数据,对区域内航空客运业与经济发展两者之间互动状况的时空维度进行研究.结果发现:长三角地区航空客运业与区域经济之间互动关联呈现逆"核心—外围"的圈层分布特征.受上海"虹吸效应"影响,位于长三角核心圈层的...     

长江三角洲高速公路网络构建对区域可达性的影响

高速公路建设有利于缩短地区间的交通里程并节约旅行时间,改善区域间的可达性并有利于地区间的经济联系的增强。以长江三角洲地区为研究区域,基于1992、1998、2004和2010年的公路交通网络数据,采用节点平均交通里程、节点平均迂回系数、节点平均旅行时间和区域平均旅行时间等空间和时间距离指标对长三角地区选定年份的交通可达性及其变化进行测算与比较。研究表明：1）各县市平均交通里程均获得了不同程度的缩短,节点平均迂回系数均获得了不同程度的降低,但不同县市在不同时期的改善幅度存在较大差距,2004―2010年各县市平均交通里程改善幅度最大,尤其是跨江和越海通道建设使长江和杭州湾沿岸县市的迂回度获得了较大幅度的降低;2）随着高速公路的建设,各节点平均旅行时间和区域平均旅行时间均获得了大幅度的改善,尤其是边远地区改善幅度更大,但受交通建设边际效应递减规律的限制,可达性的改善幅度不断减弱。     

基于订单大数据的长三角公路货运网络特征分析

基于公路货运订单大数据,利用复杂网络理论,对长三角地区城市货运联系网络的特征进行分析。结果表明:(1)长三角公路货运网络呈现东强西弱的总体格局,上海、苏州、无锡之间的货运总量较大。(2)长三角地区整体上形成以上海市为核心的多层辐射的公路货运物流网络体系,合肥在安徽省内货运物流枢纽地位显著,南京和杭州在其省内的优势相对不够突出。(3)依据产业的不同,城市省内与省外的货运联系水平存在着显著差异。(4)长三角货运网络整体呈现出“金字塔”结构,且城市大致可被分为综合型、产地型和腹地型3种。在研究方法上探索性地提出了首位节点次数指标。     

边界效应的测定方法及其在长江三角洲的应用

采用Barro回归方程结合重力模型,构建了区域经济一体化进程中对行政区边界效应的度量方法,并以长江三角洲地区为例,对20世纪90年代江苏与浙江、上海与江苏、上海与浙江的边界效应进行了实证分析。通过邹检验发现,长江三角洲各城市间的经济水平存在结构性的差异,进一步的回归检验结果表明,长江三角洲各城市间存在一体化的趋势,但存在着边界效应;从变动态势上看,上海与江苏的边界效应越来越小,上海与浙江的边界效应存在增加的趋势,同时,江苏与浙江的边界在区域一体化的影响减少。最后,从自然条件、历史发展、行政区经济、发展模式和制度安排等方面分析了边界效应及演变的原因。     

长三角地区交通优势度的空间格局

通过公路网络密度、综合交通可达性以及关键节点联系便捷性三要素的综合集成,探讨了长江三角洲地区交通优势度的空间格局。长三角地区公路路网密度居于全国前列,北部地区明显高于南部;综合交通可达性较好的单元相对集中于沪宁-沪杭-杭甬沿线地区,由此区域向南、向北可达性逐渐降低;各地域单元与关键节点的联系均较为便捷,上海及其临近地区...