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1.
Three Apollo 15 crystalline rocks were used for determining lunar paleointensity at 3.3 AE using a new ARM-method of paleointensity determination. The values were found to be 4900 γ, 2200 γ, and 7600 γ. Thus an average lunar paleointensity of 4900 γ is concluded for this period. 相似文献
2.
The state-space estimation technique presented herein provides a method for obtaining optimal estimates of concentrations for two-dimensional plumes in ground water. The concentration of a plume was defined as the state variable. The technique uses the Kalman filter and involves combining two independent estimates of plume concentrations. One estimate is called the process modeling data and the other is called the “measurement” data. The process modeling data is obtained from a numerical model. The “measurement” data is obtained from field measurements; however, for illustration in this paper it was generated by a different numerical model than the one used to obtain the process modeling data. The state-space technique produces a distribution of contaminant concentrations that is more accurate than either of the distributions generated by the process modeling or the “measurement” data. An example is presented to show that the technique produces significant improvements in the prediction of plume concentration distributions. 相似文献
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—A comparison of isoplanatic angles θ 0 derived from (1) balloon-borne in situ measurements of the index of refraction structure constant (C n 2) profiles and (2) ground-based optical measurements of stellar intensity fluctuations using an isoplanometer is presented. Concurrent data taken over a six-day period in the spring of 1986 show reasonably good agreement between the mean values determined by the two methods. Comparisons in light of meteorological conditions suggest an isoplanatic angle behavior consistent with the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability where the best correlation was found between the optically-measured isoplanatic angle and the layer-averaged wind shear. Differences between the two measurement methods are largest for isoplanometer azimuth angles perpendicular to the balloon trajectory and for lower values of mean shear. 相似文献
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太湖梅梁湾水体中初级生产力的光学检测 总被引:15,自引:3,他引:15
研究了1998年5月,10月,12月。1999年8月以及2001年7月和9月的太湖梅梁湾的初级生产力和光照时发现,在不同水层中,20cm左右的水深处初级生产力最大,最大初级生产力与叶绿素a的关系是Pm=0.012[Chla]-0.028[Chla](n=30),在叶绿素a与光谱之间关系以及初级生产力与光强之间关系的基础上,建立了初级生产力与光谱之间的关系,在蓝光光谱波段和红光光谱波段的Kd较大,较大,而550nm的Kd最小。 相似文献
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Dust in the Wind: Long Range Transport of Dust in the Atmosphere and Its Implications for Global Public and Ecosystem Health 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Movement of soil particles in atmospheres is a normal planetary process. Images of Martian dust devils (wind-spouts) and dust
storms captured by NASA's Pathfinder have demonstrated the significant role that storm activity plays in creating the red
atmospheric haze of Mars. On Earth, desert soils moving in the atmosphere are responsible for the orange hues in brilliant
sunrises and sunsets. In severe dust storm events, millions of tons of soil may be moved across great expanses of land and
ocean. An emerging scientific interest in the process of soil transport in the Earth's atmosphere is in the field of public
and ecosystem health. This article will address the benefits and the potential hazards associated with exposure to particle
fallout as clouds of desert dust traverse the globe.
This revised version was published online in September 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
地震观测是了解地球内部物理状态的直接手段,通过一些弹性参数可以推测地球内部的物质构成,而相应的物质构成对分析大陆地壳演化的过程具有重要意义。泊松比是推测地球内部物质构成的有效参数之一,接收函数方法分离出的Ps转换波为获取泊松比提供了一条行之有效的便捷途径。 相似文献
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P. J. Moran A. R. Breen C. A. Varley P. J. S. Williams W. P. Wilkinson J. Markkanen 《Annales Geophysicae》1998,16(10):1259-1264
EISCAT observations of the interplanetary scintillation of a single source were made over an extended period of time, during which the orientation of the baselines between the two observing sites changed significantly. Assuming that maximum correlation between the scintillations observed at the two sites occurs when the projected baseline is parallel to the direction of plasma flow, this technique can be used to make a unique determination of the direction of the solar wind. In the past it has usually been assumed that the plasma flow is radial, but measurements of eleven sources using this technique have indicated conclusively that in at least six cases observed at mid or high heliocentric latitude there is a significant non-radial component directed in four cases towards the heliocentric equator and in two cases towards the pole. 相似文献
13.
Estimation of groundwater recharge using water balance model 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The main purpose of this paper is to apply a water balance concept with two models in the Ching-Shui watershed to describe the groundwater recharge. First of all, a soil moisture budget model is established to estimate the infiltration, runoff, evapotranspiration, and groundwater recharge in the watershed, where the moisture content of the soil is tracked through time. Secondly, the groundwater recharge was also estimated by the model of the base-flow-record estimation, with the assumption that groundwater evaporation is negligible. In addition, since the analyzed base-flow trends are high, when executing model analysis, the depths of infiltration estimated by stable-base-flow analysis is used to obtain more reasonable groundwater recharge value. The coefficients of groundwater recharge by the precipitation in the Ching-Shui watershed estimated from the established soil moisture budget model and the base-flow model were 12.40% and 9.92%, respectively. Comparison show the result of both models to be close. 相似文献
14.
A. Timar D. Vandenberghe E.C. Panaiotu C.G. Panaiotu C. Necula C. Cosma P. van den haute 《Quaternary Geochronology》2010,5(2-3):143-148
Romanian loess -palaeosol sequences are amongst the thickest and most complete available in Europe. These deposits represent an extended continental record of environmental and climatic change during at least five glacial/interglacial cycles. Their chronology, however, is mainly based on relative methods. In this paper, we investigate whether SAR–OSL dating of fine-grained quartz can be used to establish a reliable chronology for Romanian loess.The samples were collected from the loess–palaeosol sequence near Mircea Vod? (Dobrogea, SE Romania). The luminescence characteristics of the fine-grained quartz extracts are investigated to some extent, and indicate that the applied laboratory measurement procedure (SAR) is reliable. An internally consistent set of optical ages is obtained for the loess deposited up to ~70 ka, and evidence is presented for a varying loess accumulation rate during the Last Glacial. Comparison with independent age control (pedostratigraphy and a newly-developed palaeomagnetic time–depth model) indicates that the optical dating procedure underestimates the true burial age from the penultimate glacial period onwards (i.e. for samples below the last interglacial S1 palaeosol). These results indicate that an apparently reliable laboratory measurement procedure not necessarily yields accurate sedimentation ages. We suggest that quartz-based SAR–OSL ages obtained using the high dose linear region of the growth curve are interpreted with caution. 相似文献
15.
A seismic coda wave from local earthquakes is an indication of heterogeneity in the crust and upper mantle, and codaQ (Q
c
) is the parameter defining the temporal decay of the coda wave. ButQ
c
estimates obtained with the conventional least-square method are not based on any solid statistical background, assuming the Gaussian distributiona priori. In this study, we propose a statistically reliable estimation method of estimatingQ
c
using the maximum likelihood method, and show its validity and usefulness with the data from the 1986 Joint Seismological Research in the western Nagano Prefecture. We found first that theQ
c
estimation with the maximum likelihood method is statistically valid and its reliability can be checked with the -square test. Next,Q
c
around Ohtaki village, within the studied area, is estimated using the maximum likelihood method. The averageQ
c
value at low frequencies (up to 2 Hz) is one of the lowest in the world, which is in harmony with the geological setting of the site condition directly above an active fault. 相似文献
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It is widely known that the seismic response characteristics of a soil site depends heavily on several key dynamic properties
of the soil stratum, such as predominant frequency and damping ratio. A widely used method for estimating the predominant
frequency of a soil site by using microtremor records, proposed by Nakamura, is investigated to determine its effectiveness
in estimating the damping ratio. The authors conducted some microtremor measurements of soil sites in Hong Kong and found
that Nakamura’s method might also be used to estimate the damping ratio of a soil site. Damping ratio data from several typical
soil sites were obtained from both Nakamura’s ratio curves using the half power point method and resonant column tests. Regression
analysis indicates that there is a strong correlation between the damping ratios derived from these two different approaches.
Supported by: Research project (PolyU 5076/97E), of the Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University 相似文献
18.
The luminescence characteristics of volcanic plagioclase from an andesitic tephra (Hakone-Tokyo pumice, Hk-TP) from Japan were studied in order to assess if optical dating of plagioclase could be applied to Quaternary tephra. The tephra was shown to contain two kinds of plagioclase grains, labradorite which had a smooth surface and bytownite with a rough surface. The aliquots consisting of smaller grains contained more bytownite; these showed higher luminescence sensitivity and a higher fading rate compared to the larger-grained aliquots containing only labradorite. The fading rates of both OSL and IRSL signals were similar for each grain size. However, the OSL signal showed severe thermal transfer which made it difficult to use for dating. Using the IRSL signal from grains ranging from 150 to 212 μm, an age was obtained in agreement with the independent evidence, once a small fading correction had been applied. 相似文献
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Based on previous research results, present-day crustal deformation and gravity fields in the Chinese mainland are analyzed using the GPS data, leveling, gravity and cross-fault deformations. We analyzed strain accumulation of the major faults, and identified locked or high strain accumulation segments. Combining the effects of large earthquakes in the study area, the long-term (decade) probability of large earthquakes in the Chinese mainland is estimated. 相似文献
20.
Abstract A Geographical Information System (GIS) based method is proposed and demonstrated for the identification of sediment source areas and the prediction of storm sediment yield from catchments. Data from the Nagwa and Karso catchments in Bihar (India) have been used. The Integrated Land and Water Information System (ILWIS) GIS package has been used for carrying out geographic analyses. An Earth Resources Data Analysis System (ERDAS) Imagine image processor has been used for the digital analysis of satellite data for deriving the land cover and soil characteristics of the catchments. The catchments were discretized into hydrologically homogeneous grid cells to capture the catchment heterogeneity. The cells thus formed were then differentiated into cells of overland flow regions and cells of channel flow regions based on the magnitude of their flow accumulation areas. The gross soil erosion in each cell was calculated using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) by carefully determining its various parameters. The concept of sediment delivery ratio (SDR) was used for determination of the total sediment yield of each catchment during isolated storm events. 相似文献