鄂尔多斯盆地华庆地区侏罗系富县组油藏主控因素研究

侏罗系是鄂尔多斯盆地石油勘探与开发的重要目的层。华庆地区富县组油藏是近年鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系勘探取得重大突破的新区块和新层系,已展现出良好的勘探前景和资源潜力。本文利用印模法等方法精细刻画了华庆地区前侏罗纪古地貌特征,深入分析了侏罗系富县组油藏控制因素和富集规律。结果表明,华庆地区侏罗系富县组油藏主要来源于下部三叠系延长组优质烃源岩,油藏类型为构造油藏和岩性-构造油藏,发育在古地貌斜坡带背景之上的河道边滩沉积主砂带内。油藏富集主要受控于前侏罗纪古地貌特征,充足的油源供给、河道边滩相沉积、优越的输导条件、鼻隆构造及良好的泥岩封堵等是华庆地区富县组油藏富集的主要控制因素。     

Thermotomographic model and oil-and-gas forecasting for the sedimentary cover of the Laptev Sea shelf

2D and 3D geotemperature models of the sedimentary cover within the Laptev Sea shelf have been calculated. The presence of several “thermal domes” (zones of uplifted isotherms) has been found. Based on analogous sedimentary basins with domes, which correlate to the location of hydrocarbon deposits, the forecasting has been made that the Ust-Lena graben and Omoloi trough are the most promising areas for oil-and-gas prospecting.     

Density modeling of the basement of sedimentary sequences and prediction of oil-gas accumulation: Evidence from South SakhAlin and West Siberia

The zones of deconsolidation and consolidation in the lower parts of the sedimentary cover and in the basement are considered as an important exploration indicator of oil-gas accumulation zones. The described zones are mapped using geodensity modeling (in a gravity field) in the MZ-PZ basement and Cretaceous deposits of South Sakhalin, as well as in the pre-Jurassic basement and plate complex of the central part of West Siberia. It was found that the most promising zones are confined to the Central Sakhalin Fault and Krasnoleninsk arch in Sakhalin and to the Visim megaswell in the West Siberian plate. Recent prospecting drilling revealed that deconsolidation zones are correlated with hydrocarbon reservoirs. The presented technique of geodensity modeling can be applied for petroleum-geological explorations of structures formed in different geological and tectonic settings.     

Prediction of the phase state of hydrocarbon accumulations in the Mesozoic deposits of northwestern Siberia

The phase state of hydrocarbon accumulations was predicted using recent drilling data for three oil and gas complexes of the northern regions of the West Siberian petroliferous basin: Lower and Middle Jurassic, Upper Jurassic, and Berriasian-lower Valanginian (Achimov member); these results were compiled in simplified maps presented in the paper. In order to develop a plausible model and distinguish the zones of hydrocarbon accumulation of various phase states, we analyzed and systematized the existing concepts on the distribution of oil, oil-gas condensate, and gas condensate pools in the Mesozoic sequences of this region, types of organic matter in rocks, and stages of catagenetic alterations. Based on the data of the Tyumen SG-6 superdeep well, the oil-generating capacity of source deposits was assessed. Three zones differing in the phase state of hydrocarbons, oil, gas condensate-oil (transitional), and gas condensate, were distinguished in the map of the distribution of hydrocarbon accumulations in the Early-Middle Jurassic petroliferous complex of northwestern Siberia. Only two zones of hydrocarbon accumulations, oil and transitional, were detected in the Late Jurassic complex of the Nadym-Taz and Ust’-Yenisei regions. The same zones but within different boundaries were distinguished in the Achimov sequence. In contrast to the Jurassic beds, the zone of occurrence of oil accumulations in the Achimov member occupies a larger area and extends further north. In terms of density, the oils of the Achimov deposits were subdivided into three types: ultralight, light, and medium. The zones of their occurrence are shown in the map. Original Russian Text ? S.A. Punanova, T.L. Vinogradova, 2006, published in Geokhimiya, 2006, No. 9, pp. 983–995.     

Genetic suppositions of oil and gas formation and conditions of hydrocarbon deposits in Mesozoic-Cenozoic sediments in the Caspian Sea shelf

Source rocks are present in all the stratigraphic units of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic deposits of the Turkmen shelf in the Caspian Sea. The highest source rock potential is characteristic of I terrigenous and carbonate-terrigenous rocks of Middle Jurassic age, and the Aptian, Paleogene, Neogene and Apsheron stages of the Quaternary system. To reveal the formation conditions of hydrocarbon deposits within Southwestern Turkmenistan, the principle of chemical thermodynamics is primarily used via the calculation of the free energy of gaseous hydrocarbons. This showed that hydrocarbon deposits within the topmost depositional complex (the red-colored strata of the Middle Miocene at the Akchagyl and Apsheron stages) are syngenetic; their formation was due to lateral migration from even-aged deposits from depression zones neighboring the uplifts.     

The effect of Meso-Cenozoic tectonic processes on the formation of Upper Jurassic and Cretaceous hydrocarbon pools in the north of the Aleksandrov arch (West Siberia)

The effect of tectonic processes on the petroleum potential of the Upper Jurassic and Cretaceous sediments is estimated by the example of the deposits in the north of the Aleksandrov arch. The formation history of the structures bearing Upper Jurassic and Cretaceous hydrocarbon (HC) pools is discussed.The results obtained lead to the conclusion that anticlinal traps complicated by faults cutting the Meso-Cenozoic sedimentary cover are the most promising for the formation of large HC pools in Cretaceous sand reservoirs. These traps serve as channels for HC migration from the oil-producing rocks of the Bazhenovo Formation into the overlying reservoirs. In the Upper Jurassic sediments, anticlinal traps free from Cenozoic faults are the most promising for HC accumulation. These conclusions are confirmed by a number of examples.     

Structural features of the northern West Siberian geosyneclise and new exploration targets

The northern part of the West Siberian geosyneclise is characterized by a thick sedimentary cover and widespread Triassic sedimentary and volcanosedimentary rocks and Paleozoic platform structures. New targets have been recognized in the basement and deeply buried horizons of the geosyneclise cover. Reservoirs might be found in the following formations: Paleozoic cover deposits, weathering crusts, zones of Paleozoic rock deconsolidation, Triassic sedimentary and volcanosedimentary deposits, buried structures in the lower part of the cover, Lower and Middle Jurassic basal layers, pinch-outs of Jurassic horizons, Upper Jurassic bituminous shales and cavernous carbonates. Exploration of these potential structures will change the structure of the existing resource base toward the long-term replenishment of hydrocarbon resources and a stable rate of production replacement.     

秦岭金矿控矿构造特征和找矿方向

本文概述秦岭地区区域构造演化史和多期成矿作用的特点,深大断裂带系统在成矿成岩中的重要地位,它控制了金矿的形成。秦岭地区金矿控矿构造条件是复杂的,主要有构造交汇处的剪切带。层间挤压破碎带和强烈蚀变断裂带等。还指出卡林型金矿分布极为广泛,成矿条件非常有利,在秦岭地区找金前景是乐观的。     

冀北地区龙头山铅多金属矿床的发现及地物化综合找矿模型的建立

隐伏矿是当前矿产地质勘查的重点对象。在综合研究冀北地区1:20万区域示矿信息基础上,优选出锥子山花岗岩体一带的龙头山为找矿靶区,研究显示其具有较好的找矿潜力。1:5万水系沉积物地球化学测量圈定出11处综合异常;其中H6异常属于矿致异常。H6异常经1:1万地物化测量显示:Ag、Pb、Zn、Au等元素异常值高,具有外带—中带—内带三级分带;同时具有中低阻高极化的激电异常、蚀变矿（化）带与物化探异常相耦合的特征。通过进行系统地不同尺度地物化测量,缩小了找矿靶区,经工程验证发现了龙头山铅多金属矿床。矿体赋存在北西西向延伸、宽30~60 m的龙头山（F3）断裂构造系统中、产状较陡,赋矿围岩为太古界单塔子群（花岗）片麻岩和晚侏罗世张家口组安山岩,矿石多为细脉—浸染状、致密块状构造,矿床特征与毗邻的小扣花营、牛圈等多金属矿床类似,属于中低温热液脉型铅多金属矿床。最后,根据大比例尺地物化示矿信息特征,厘定了热液脉型铅多金属矿床的找矿标志,建立了地物化综合找矿模型,有利于推进冀北地区的找矿勘查。      

西昆仑甜水海地区铅锌矿成矿特征及找矿进展

新疆和田火烧云铅锌矿的发现,标志着我国铅锌找矿在西昆仑甜水海地区取得了重大突破,区内目前已发现铅锌矿床（点）29处,其中铅锌矿中型矿床7个、大型矿床2个、超大型矿床1个。通过收集整理区内最新的矿产地质勘查成果资料,对该区带内铅锌矿的成矿特征、找矿前景进行系统分析与总结,将区内铅锌矿床划分为密西西比河谷型(MVT)和沉积喷流型(SEDEX) 2个大类和4个具体类型,认为它们的成矿过程分别与区域大地构造演化、区域断裂活动及同沉积断层-喷流沉积活动密切相关,在矿体形态、矿石矿物、矿石结构构造等矿化特征及成矿模式方面均有明显差异。火烧云式是受中侏罗统龙山组上段灰岩-白云岩沉积层位控制的沉积喷流型铅锌矿,化石山式是受中侏罗统龙山组铁锰质沉积层位控制的沉积喷流型铅锌矿,多宝山式是受断裂构造控制的碳酸盐岩建造中的MVT型铅锌矿,元宝岭式是受北东向左行张扭性断裂控制的碎屑岩建造中的MVT型铅锌矿。     

浙东火山岩型银矿成矿条件及勘查方法

本区火山岩型银矿赋存于上侏罗—下白垩统陆相火山岩中;由于中生代太平洋板块向西俯冲.大陆边缘火山岩浆活动强烈.嵊县—黄岩地区由于断裂为造、火山岩发育而形成南北向的矿化集中区.成矿与火山岩浆活动晚期的潜火山岩、脉岩有关.属于浅成中低温热液矿床.根据矿床围岩蚀变、矿化类型及成晕元素的分带规律,可指导找矿及预测隐伏矿床.并初步建立了勘查模式.总结了成矿预测、综合找矿、详细评价三个层次的勘查方法.     

吐哈盆地西南部铀矿化特征与成矿潜力评价

吐哈盆地西南部艾丁湖斜坡带为一相对稳定的地质构造单元,其上在温湿气候条件下超覆沉积了下侏罗统八道湾组、三工河组和中侏罗统西山窑组。中侏罗统西山窑组主体为一套河流相-河流三角洲相的含煤碎屑岩系;地层泥-砂-泥结构发育良好,砂体岩性主要为成分成熟度和结构成熟度均较低的长石质砂(砾)岩、岩屑砂(砾)岩;岩石为黑色和灰色原生地球化学,具有较强的还原能力。组内层间氧化带广泛发育,总体可划分为完全氧化亚带、其不完全氧化亚带、氧化还原过渡带和原生岩石带,砂岩型铀矿化完全受层间氧化带控制,位于氧化还原过渡带内。目前已在区内找到了十红滩大型层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿床。通过对吐哈盆地西南部构造地质背景、找矿目的层、层间氧化带、水文地质条件、岩石原生地球化学类型及区内已发现铀矿床基本特征的综合分析,指出区内未来仍具有广阔的层间氧化带型铀矿找矿前景。认为十红滩地区作为下一步铀矿勘探基地,主攻层位为中侏罗统西山窑组第一、三岩性段;迪坎儿地段为下一步普查远景区,主攻层位为西山窑组第三岩性段;白咀山、八仙口地段为下一步预查远景区,主攻层位为西山窑组第二、三岩性段。     

西藏改则县多不杂斑岩型铜金矿床勘查模型

西藏改则县多不杂斑岩型铜金矿床是近年来由西藏地质五队在班公湖-怒江成矿带发现的一个具超大型规模的铜金矿床,系继玉龙、驱龙、雄村、甲玛等超大型铜矿床之后的又一重大找矿突破,也是班公湖-怒江成矿带的第一个超大型斑岩铜金矿。多不杂斑岩型铜金矿产于早白垩世花岗闪长斑岩及其与早侏罗世曲色组变长石石英砂岩的接触带,区域成矿地质背景得天独厚,岩浆活动频繁,为斑岩型铜金矿的成矿提供了有利的条件。该矿床具有典型的斑岩型铜矿的蚀变分带,在斑岩体及其围岩由内向外形成钾硅化带、粘土化带、青磐岩化带、角岩化带。地球物理勘查表明,含矿斑岩区为低视电阻率、高视极化率异常区;1:1万土壤测量显示,斑岩铜矿产于高背景区,并与强度高、浓集中心明显的Cu、Au、Ag、Mo元素的化探综合异常相对应,在空间上尤其与Cu、Au异常分布高度吻合。1:5万水系沉积物测量表明,Au、Ag、As、Sb、Cu、Pb、Zn元素高异常常与激电探测异常吻合。本文通过综合研究初步总结建立了适合本区地质-地球物理-地球化学综合勘查模型。通过勘查和初步评价,在矿区外围新发现了波龙、拿顿、拿若、赛角、尕尔勤、铁格龙、地堡那木岗等斑岩矿(床)点,并最终形成多龙斑岩型铜金矿集区,对该区域找矿起到指导作用。     

Multidimensional statistical methods used for prediction of hydrocarbon accumulations in Turkmenistan

Conclusions Geological and geochemical data indicate that the Dauletabad area and the Chemenibid anticline fold are promising. The Morgunov uplift has better tectonic characteristics, but a lack of hydrocarbon gas anomalies is less encouraging. This forecast has been supported by data obtained during deep drilling, and by geochemical anomalies found on the surface that are associated with the Dauletabad-Donmez gas field. In the Chemenibid fold, the forecast was substantiated by discovery of commercial quantities of gas from Lower Jurassic deposits in exploratory well N1.     

辰山岩体周边白钨矿床地质特征与找矿前景

近年在辰山岩体内外接触带相继发现多处层控夕卡岩型、接触交代型和石英脉型的大中型白钨矿床(点)。矿床多层位、多部位赋存并与一定的岩性、构造密切相关,为夕卡岩型白钨矿床。岩体和特定层位是主要的控矿条件。矿床形成于印支晚期同造山阶段后碰撞构造环境。沿岩体接触带形成的宽达数百米至数千米的角岩化带及夕卡岩化角岩带、夕卡岩带等蚀变带,以及W元素地球化学异常和白钨矿重砂异常带(区)都是成矿的有利地带(段)。区域成矿潜力大,找矿前景良好。在勘查工作中,除对地表出露的夕卡岩化带开展直接找矿外,应加强隐伏矿床的找矿研究工作。辰山岩体外接触带层控夕卡岩型白钨矿床是岩体周边找矿勘查的主要矿床类型。     

内蒙古二连盆地铀与油、煤的时空分布及铀的成矿作用

二连盆地是我国铀、石油和煤3种能源矿产共存的大型盆地之一,研究它们之间的时空和成因关系,对于盆地的综合找矿有着重要现实意义。研究结果表明,铀矿产于侏罗纪、白垩纪和古近纪的粗碎屑岩中,油气田主要产于侏罗纪、白垩纪的细碎屑岩中。产煤的小凹陷就是有利的产铀凹陷,产煤层位就是找铀的目的层位。石油、煤产生的还原性流体对砂岩型铀矿的成矿作用为:(1)还原性流体沿着断裂向上迁移扩散,对上部岩石产生了强烈的还原作用,大大增强了岩石的还原能力,铀在还原性的岩石中富集;(2)来自地表的含铀含氧水与来自下部上升的还原性流体相遇混合,使溶液中的U6+还原为U4+而沉淀;(3)深部还原性流体可携带一部分成矿物质进入容矿砂体而卸载,从而造成铀的初步富集或叠加富集。由于它们有空间上和成因上的联系,建议对于产有铀、石油和煤3种能源矿产的沉积盆地,需采用综合找矿的工作思路,充分挖掘石油、煤炭和铀矿3个部门已有的钻探资料和成果,进行二次开发,有利于快速开展盆地铀矿勘查和矿产资源评价。     

层序地层学在陆相沉积盆地内砂岩型铀矿找矿中的应用前景

层序地层学已被广泛应用于油气勘探与开发，并取得了丰硕的成果，但在砂岩型铀矿床找矿勘探方面还只是刚刚起步。本文对比了砂岩型铀矿与油气成矿特点；研究了砂岩型铀矿与层序地层体系域的体系；提出高水位体系域是寻找层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿的主要目标，低水位体系域下的切谷是潜水氧化带砂岩型铀矿的有利部位，水进体系域一般不利于地浸砂岩型铀矿成矿。最后，作者展望了层序地层学在陆相沉积盆地内砂岩型铀矿找矿中的应用前景。     

板块构造与幔柱构造的相互关系——以中国东部中、新生代控矿因素为例

侏罗纪以来,太平洋板块与欧亚板块俯冲碰撞,促成了中国东部以NNE-NE向断裂为主体的断裂构造格局。从地震面波层析成像反演资料及东北和华北地质剖面得知,该地区应属东亚巨型宽裂谷体系的东部地区,系亚幔柱活动所致。全区P波速度、岩石圈不连续和减薄转型、软流圈物质呈蘑菇云状上升以及大火成岩省等特征证明中国东部中、新生代为亚幔柱构造控制成矿成藏,从而证实板块构造与幔柱构造相辅相成的关系。幔柱构造可划分3级,金属矿床常受幔枝构造的控制,多成群成带分布。由于成矿物质来自深部地核或软流圈,金属元素呈垂直分带的规律成为"攻深找盲"的理论依据;而油气田深部常受深部热源影响,若有海相烃源层分布,是寻找"无机"和海相油气田的主攻目标。     

基性超基性岩型金矿床的成矿作用讨论

基性超基性岩型金矿床是指空间上与基性超基性岩密切相伴和成因上有关的金矿床。该类金矿床的成矿物质多源多样和多期次,且多赋存于构造蚀变带中。与其它类型金矿床相比,我国此类型金矿床的研究比较薄弱,其找矿前景看好。讨论了其成矿地质特征、成矿作用和找矿标志,并提出找矿建议。     

西北地区侏罗纪原始沉积区恢复

通过边缘相分析、地层接触关系分析、古水流系统分析和构造格架分析并结合侏罗系残余露头与残余沉积体系分布,对早-中侏罗世和中-晚侏罗世的原始沉积区进行了恢复,发现早-中侏罗世的沉积范围要比现今残存的沉积范围大得多,而中-晚侏罗世的沉积范围与现今残存的沉积范围相比则变化不大。