流体包裹体在沉积盆地分析中的应用

系统介绍并探索流体包裹体在沉积盆地分析研究中下列７个方面的应用：即岩相和古地理分析；层地层学研究；阐明盆地热事件；再造盆地构造沉降史：探讨沉积有机演化史；恢复盆地埋藏史；盆地地下水动力状况模拟。     

磷灰石（U-Th）／He定年技术及应用简介

本文阐述了磷灰石 (U_Th) /He定年技术的基本原理和方法、影响因素以及该技术在地质研究中的应用。磷灰石 (U_Th) /He定年是近年来发展起来的一种新型低温热年代学技术 ,能够给出地质体在 4 0～ 85℃低温范围内的独特信息。同裂变径迹定年技术一样 ,磷灰石 (U_Th) /He技术可用于年轻地质体的定年 ,也可确定时代较老的地质体最后一次热事件发生的时间。由于磷灰石 (U_Th) /He年龄数据与样品的海拔或埋藏深度密切相关 ,所以能够很好地约束古地形。结合其他同位素技术如裂变径迹定年技术等还可进行系统的热演化分析 ,如盆地的热史演化。与其他同位素定年技术相比 ,磷灰石 (U_Th) /He定年技术具有测量方便、精度高、所需样品数量少等优点。虽然这种技术目前尚处于不断完善之中 ,但仍不失为研究地质体低温热年代信息的一种有效方法     

东濮凹陷新生代的热历史

东濮凹陷是渤海湾盆地南缘极具油气开采潜力的凹陷,本文揭示该凹陷新生代埋藏史、热史及烃源岩演化史.利用凹陷各构造单元18口井的镜质体反射率数据,恢复其埋藏史、热史.结果显示,东濮凹陷经历“一升两降”的构造沉降,并具有“马鞍型”的热演化特征.自沙四段沉积开始至沙三段,地温梯度逐渐增加,在沙三段沉积末期达到最大,为45.2℃～48℃/km.自沙二段沉积开始至今,地温梯度总体逐渐降低,仅在东营组沉积时期出现微弱回升,现今地温梯度为30℃～ 34℃/km.以埋藏史和热史为基础,结合构造及有机地球化学资料,对东濮凹陷18口井烃源岩演化史进行模拟.结果表明,烃源岩热演化受东营组沉积时期的古地温控制,3套烃源岩成熟度均在27Ma(东营组沉积时期)达到最大.     

合肥盆地烃源岩有机质热演化历史分析

利用镜质体反射率资料及其定量恢复的合肥盆地的古地温结合伊利石结晶度测定系统研究了盆地石炭-二叠系以来的热演化史,在此基础上分析了石炭-二叠系、下侏罗系、中上侏罗系、白垩系、古近系的烃源岩有机质的热演化程度及热演化史,结果表明合肥盆地C-P系呈现为高成熟阶段,并在下侏罗统沉积之后开始进入生油门限,在上侏罗统沉积后地温曾达245℃,而在白垩纪中期(朱巷组沉积后)最大古地温度达到过305℃指示进入了过成熟阶段。下侏罗统防虎山组Ro值和伊利石结晶度也显示了较高的热演化程度,在中侏罗统沉积后开始进入生油门限,在早白垩世朱巷组沉积后达到了最高的热演化程度,最大古地温达260℃。中-上侏罗统随着下白垩统朱巷组的沉积而进入生油门限,在下白垩统沉积之后达到了最大的古地温度,分别为225℃、230℃,指示开始进入过成熟阶段,朱巷组最大埋藏温度出现在早白垩世末,达到了110～120℃,指示进入了成熟期。在上覆古近系沉积后曾达到最大古地温(110～160℃),显示进入了成熟阶段。古近系定远组未进入成熟阶段,最大古地温出现在定远组沉积之后,但小于50℃。     

东濮凹陷新生代热史研究

东濮凹陷是渤海湾盆地南缘极具油气开采潜力的凹陷,本文揭示该凹陷新生代埋藏史、热史及烃源岩演化史。利用凹陷各构造单元18口井的镜质体反射率数据,恢复其埋藏史、热史。结果显示,东濮凹陷经历"一升两降"的构造沉降,并具有"马鞍型"的热演化特征。自沙四段沉积开始至沙三段,地温梯度逐渐增加,在沙三段沉积末期达到最大,为45.2℃~48℃/km。自沙二段沉积开始至今,地温梯度总体逐渐降低,仅在东营组沉积时期出现微弱回升,现今地温梯度为30℃~34℃/km。以埋藏史和热史为基础,结合构造及有机地球化学资料,对东濮凹陷18口井烃源岩演化史进行模拟。结果表明,烃源岩热演化受东营组沉积时期的古地温控制,3套烃源岩成熟度均在27Ma(东营组沉积时期)达到最大。     

热事件发育地区自生黏土矿物形成过程分析:以北部湾盆地福山凹陷为例

自生黏土矿物形成过程是个备受关注的科学问题,查明该过程对于盆地热史分析至关重要。本次研究以北部湾盆地福山凹陷岩浆侵入体附近的沉积砂岩为研究对象,使用离心机分离出不同粒度的自生黏土矿物,并对其进行系统的矿物学、Rb-Sr年代学及~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar年代学研究。结果表明,粗砂岩中自生黏土矿物富集且纯度很高,是开展年代学分析的理想对象;Rb-Sr等时线定年结果显示自生黏土矿物形成年代为~31 Ma,该年龄与岩浆岩U-Pb年代具有非常好的耦合关系,而~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar定年法受到"~(40)Ar丢失"的影响而缺乏地质意义。本次研究说明热事件发育地区自生黏土矿物的生长过程严格受控于短时间的岩浆岩侵入事件,而非长时间的盆地埋藏过程。     

关于吉林市圣德泉地热资源的勘查研究

本文介绍了吉林圣德泉地热田(区)热储特征及其埋藏条件和地温场特征。热储层具多层结构,单层厚度大,构成沉积盆地型地热田。区内地温场温度较为稳定,属低温热水资源。地热流体单井产量较大,为较适宜至适宜开采区,水质为重碳酸钠型较低矿化的优质水源。地热田水量中等,可采取不定期轮换开采方法,热水温度43~62℃,属于低温地下热水。     

利用磷灰石裂变径迹研究鄂尔多斯盆地西缘热历史

磷灰石裂变径迹在地质时期对60～150℃范围内温度变化的热敏感性 ,不仅使其成为研究盆地构造热演化史和区域构造运动的重要手段 ,而且对指导油气勘探有很大的实践意义。本文根据AFTA① 的有关原理 ,退火特性 ,对鄂尔多斯盆地西缘奥陶、二叠、三叠、侏罗、白垩、第三纪等不同时代地层样品开展了较为系统的AFT测试 ,获得了一批可靠的AFTA数据 ,论述了鄂尔多斯盆地西缘的主要构造热事件的次数 ,及该区中生代以来的构造热演化史。研究表明 :自中生代以来 ,该盆地西缘至少经历了四次构造热事件(峰值年龄分别为170Ma±、130Ma±、和75Ma±和17Ma±)。     

松辽盆地石炭-二叠系烃源岩研究

松辽盆地石炭-二叠系是烃源岩，沉积埋藏史可划分出持续深埋型、平衡埋藏型和短暂浅埋型3种类型。早白垩世晚期，石炭—二叠系烃源岩地温又一次达到并超过90℃，开始第二期生烃，油、气并生。这一时期，有效供烃区位于盆地东南部农安地区、西北部黑鱼泡地区，生气强度超过了生油强度。通过对石炭—二叠系沉积埋藏史、有机质热演化史和生烃史研究，无论对于深层找气，还是对盆地中新生代地层的油气勘探都具有十分重要的地质意义。     

布拜图对热液氧化物沉淀条件的指示

<正>无定形Fe-和Mn-羟基氧化物以及硅的沉积体广泛分布于洋中脊(Dekov et al.,2010)、弧后盆地(Hein et al.,2008;Zeng et al.,2012)和海山(Emerson et al.,2002;Edwards et al.,2011)等不同地质背景的海底热液区。热液Fe-羟基氧化物按成因可以分为三类:热液硫化物的氧化产物,直接从热液中沉淀形成的氧化物以及来自热液     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861