微生物地球化学勘探在准噶尔盆地车排子凸起石炭系中的应用

准噶尔盆地车排子凸起石炭系内幕地层结构及构造特征复杂,且储层岩性变化多样。主要以中基性火山岩为主,夹火山碎屑岩及酸性岩类,油气预测较为困难。利用微生物地球化学勘探技术,检测地表土壤中烃氧化菌的丰度差异,研究土壤吸附气的组成特征,来圈定油气分布范围,判别油气藏流体性质。通过此项技术对已完钻的CP13井等进行了验证,吻合较好。另外,还预测了车排子凸起石炭系新部署论证的CP17井含油气情况。研究表明,微生物地球化学勘探技术在车排子凸起石炭系油气勘探方面具较好适用性,符合率达到了90%,降低了勘探风险。     

成像测井资料在车排子地区火山岩储层研究中的应用

准噶尔盆地车排子地区油气资源丰富,勘探潜力大．近年来成像测井资料在该区火山岩油气勘探中的应用,为识别火山岩岩性和火山岩裂缝特征提供了可靠依据．通过对该区火山岩成像测井资料的深入分析,可确定该区火山岩岩性主要为凝灰岩、沉凝灰岩、火山角砾岩和玄武岩,火山岩储层裂缝包含垂直裂缝、高角度裂缝、斜交裂缝、水平裂缝和网状裂缝等5种构造裂缝类型．     

准噶尔盆地车排子地区三叠系成藏条件及主控因素分析

通过对准噶尔盆地车排子地区三叠系成藏条件分析,认为车排子地区三叠系具备形成规模油气藏有利条件。三叠系上下克拉玛依组储层规模大,喜山期形成的一系列张性正断裂均断至侏罗系,对三叠系无影响,白碱滩区域盖层下可能存在规模较大的三叠系次生油气藏。指出该区油气成藏存在两大主控因素:一是有利沉积相带控制储层分布;二是断裂控制油气纵向运移及聚集。认为红车断裂带下盘克拉玛依组是该区三叠系最有利勘探层系。     

准噶尔盆地西泉地区石炭系火山岩型油藏形成及分布

准噶尔盆地西泉地区在构造上位于北三台凸起西斜坡,是有利油气聚集区。虽然已取得了一些勘探成果,但该区油藏控制因素复杂,纵横向分布规律认识不清,致使探明程度低、勘探难度大。利用钻井、测井、录井、试油、岩芯分析化验等资料,结合地震资料,查明了该区石炭系储层岩石学特征、储层特征。研究结果表明:西泉地区石炭系火山岩主要为火山熔岩类、火山碎屑岩类;火山岩储层物性北部较差,南部较好,有利储层主要是喷发相火山角砾岩、溢流相安山岩、英安岩等。该区油藏分布的主要控制因素:1)垂向上油藏主要分布于风化壳附近; 2)岩性的侧向变化控制了油藏的平面分布范围; 3)不整合面的发育与油藏的分布关系密切。进一步阐明了研究区油藏的分布规律,油气主要聚集于不整合面附近,且呈北东南西向条带状分布。油层的纵向分布与不整合面的风化淋滤带的深度有关,南北差异较大,储层的非均质性影响油藏的连片分布。     

准噶尔盆地车排子凸起中生界油气包裹体定量分析及应用探讨

准噶尔盆地车排子凸起中生界砂岩储层中发育油气包裹体,在前人油源对比及成藏演化等研究基础上对油气包裹体特征镜下观察,采用数学统计学方法定量分析白垩系、侏罗系油气包裹体特点,对油气运移与成藏过程作初步探讨。研究表明:该地区中生界存在多源、多期充注特点,并首次厘定研究区水层GOI介于2.8%~4%,对该区油气水判识有指导意义。     

塔中地区碳酸盐岩与碎屑岩储层物性差异及主控因素

通过对塔里木盆地塔中地区55口探井的岩心观察及200多张铸体薄片的鉴定,分析了92口探井的孔渗、岩石压汞及测井解释成果,及其石炭系—志留系碎屑岩储层与奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层之间物性特征的差异,结合地质背景讨论了造成这些差异的主控因素。结果表明研究区碎屑岩储层总体为低孔低渗—中孔中渗,碳酸盐岩储层总体为低孔低渗—特低孔特低渗,两类储层的孔隙度、渗透率和孔喉半径三个物性特征参数之间的相关性完全不同。原始沉积作用是两类储层物性差异形成的基础,宏观上体现在储层沉积相带的不同,微观上体现在储层矿物组分、结构的差异;后期成岩作用,包括压实、溶蚀、胶结及构造裂缝改造是两类储层物性差异形成的关键,相对于碎屑岩储层物性参数大小的改变,碳酸盐岩储层物性受溶蚀、胶结、构造裂缝改造的影响较大,相对而言受压实作用的影响较小。两类储层物性差异主控因素的对比研究表明碎屑岩储层应侧重于优质沉积相带中原生孔隙油气勘探;碳酸盐岩储层应侧重于次生孔隙油气勘探。     

火成岩风化壳储集层特征与油气产能关系研究:以准噶尔盆地红山嘴石炭系油藏为例

红山嘴油田是准噶尔盆地典型的风化壳型油藏,具有广阔的勘探前景。利用宏微观岩矿分析、地球物理、地球化学等多种实验分析手段,对红山嘴地区火成岩岩石学特征、结构发育特征及控制因素开展综合研究,结果表明:(1)红山嘴地区发育侵入岩、次火山岩、火山熔岩、火山碎屑熔岩、火山碎屑岩和沉火山碎屑岩等6大类火成岩,其中安山岩和凝灰岩最为发育;(2)火成岩储集空间组合包括原生气孔—溶蚀孔—Ⅰ级裂缝型、溶蚀孔—Ⅰ/Ⅱ级裂缝型、Ⅲ级裂缝型和Ⅳ级裂缝型4类,Ⅰ—Ⅳ类储层物性依次变差;(3)风化壳自上而下发育水解带、淋蚀带、崩解Ⅰ带、崩解Ⅱ带、母岩带5个分带,顶部水解带风化强,多被分解成致密的泥土层,可作盖层,而淋蚀带和崩解Ⅰ带是风化淋蚀改造较好区,储层物性最好;(4)不同油气产能井与风化壳结构具有很好的对应关系,可为风化壳型火成岩油藏优势区带划分和产能预测提供指导。     

火山碎屑岩储层特征及其主控因素分析:以松辽盆地南部长岭断陷龙凤山地区为例

松辽盆地南部长岭断陷龙凤山地区火石岭组火山碎屑岩已被证实为有效油气储层.笔者选取研究区6口钻井中钻遇火石岭组火山碎屑岩代表性井段,通过岩芯观察、铸体薄片和扫描电镜分析、孔隙度与渗透率测试等,探究火山碎屑岩储层孔隙的发育特征和主控因素.结果表明,研究区内火石岭组火山碎屑岩主要为安山质火山碎屑岩及火山碎屑熔岩,岩相以爆发相...     

松辽盆地南部地区营城组典型火山机构地质特征

在松辽盆地地质背景研究的基础上,根据盆地南部地区营城组火山岩地质特征对火山机构进行分类,描述其地质特征,并讨论其储层特征。将研究区火山机构分成3类9种,即熔岩类火山机构、碎屑岩类火山机构和复合火山机构3类;熔岩类火山机构包括粗面质熔岩火山机构、玄武质熔岩火山机构、安山质熔岩火山机构、英安质熔岩火山机构和流纹质熔岩火山机构,碎屑岩类火山机构包括玄武质碎屑岩火山机构、安山质碎屑岩火山机构和流纹质碎屑岩火山机构,以及复合火山机构共计9种。并统计了不同类型流纹质火山机构储层的储集空间类型及孔隙度,结果表明：流纹质复合火山机构储集空间类型复杂,储层溶蚀孔缝十分发育,储层物性最好;流纹质碎屑岩火山机构储层溶蚀孔缝较为发育,储层物性中等;流纹质熔岩火山机构储集空间类型单一,储层物性最差。将长岭断陷火山机构内部储层分为高孔-高渗型、中孔-中渗型和低孔-低渗型3类,且有利储层受岩性影响较小,受岩相影响较大。     

强振幅地震属性分析技术在车排子地区油气检测中的应用

准噶尔盆地西缘车排子地区是目前中石化的有利探区,P2井的突破,加速了该区油气勘探的步伐.为了提高勘探的经济效益,用地震特殊处理手段对有利目标进行预测就显得非常重要和迫切.本文运用强振幅属性分析技术有效地预测了该区的有利目标区,并经实钻证实.强振幅属性分析技术是目前车排子地区油气检测的有效手段.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861