圆钢管截面极限强度受随机分布点蚀的影响研究

提出一种随机分布点蚀损伤的模拟方法,模拟点蚀在构件表面的随机生长过程,并建立了随机态点蚀损伤圆管截面的有限元分析模型;设计了三个受不同腐蚀深度点蚀损伤的圆管构件,并开展轴压试验,利用试验结果校验有限元模型的计算精度;在多种腐蚀情形下(点蚀强度和腐蚀深度变化),研究点蚀分布模式变化引起的极限强度退化及其变异性;比较随机分布点蚀模型与传统腐蚀模型(规则分布点蚀和均匀腐蚀)在计算强度和结构失效行为方面的差异。研究结果表明,点蚀的随机分布模式会引起显著的极限强度变异,且蚀坑深度越大,强度变异越大,蚀坑分布造成的强度极差与强度均值相比达到5%;随机分布点蚀相比于传统腐蚀模型,除了引起更为严重的强度削减,还会改变结构的破坏模式。提出的随机点蚀损伤的模拟方法,可替代昂贵的构件试验,应用于评估点蚀损伤圆管截面的极限强度,增强评估结果的可靠性。     

加筋板的轴压强度受加筋随机点蚀的影响研究

船舶与海洋结构在服役期间会遭受电化学和微生物侵蚀等多种腐蚀环境影响,加筋板作为此类结构的主要受力构件,其表面易产生不规则形态的点蚀,引起构件的强度退化。利用ANSYS有限元软件构建加筋腹板遭受随机点蚀损伤的加筋板有限元模型,研究带板长宽比、带板长细比、加筋长细比和腐蚀体积损失率对加筋板极限强度的影响。研究结果表明,加筋遭受同等腐蚀体积损失率下,带板长宽比变化对极限强度退化的影响很小,但带板长细比和加筋长细比变化产生的影响明显;带板长细比越大,极限强度退化越严重,而加筋长细比越大,极限强度退化反而越小。针对文中研究的加筋板,当加筋长细比为 0.2时,腐蚀体积率为14%的随机点蚀导致结构极限强度退化程度达到约14.0%。因此,加筋的随机点蚀损伤会显著削弱加筋板结构的极限强度,其影响不可忽略。     

点蚀损伤下桩基式平台腿柱轴压极限承载力研究

采用圆柱体点蚀损伤模型,建立含细观尺度点蚀损伤的桩基式平台腿柱多尺度精细化数值模型,研究壁厚损伤度、点蚀损伤强度以及点蚀体积损伤强度影响平台腿柱轴压极限承载力的规律。研究结果表明,壁厚损伤度及点蚀损伤强度明显削弱平台腿柱的极限强度,且随点蚀损伤强度增大壁厚损伤度的影响加剧;点蚀体积损伤强度由于综合考虑了壁厚损伤度和点蚀损伤强度的耦合因素,相比于独立考虑后两者,其更能合理地描述点蚀损伤对平台腿柱极限强度的影响,故点蚀体积损伤强度体现了点蚀损伤的关键特征。本方法不仅适用于研究点蚀损伤构件的极限承载力,其所提出的点蚀损伤模型的构建方法,可拓展于研究受点蚀损伤的整体平台结构的极限承载力,且确定点蚀体积损伤强度为描述点蚀损伤特征的关键参数后,有望将其用于修正点蚀损伤平台腿柱的承载力设计公式。     

中性厌氧环境中硫酸盐还原菌导致锌的腐蚀行为研究

以锌为研究对象,使用表面表征方法和电化学测试,研究了一个培养周期内硫酸盐还原菌(Sulfatereducing bacteria, SRB)Desulfovibrio vulgaris (D. vulgaris)引起锌(Zn)试样腐蚀行为的影响。实验结果表明,SRB导致Zn试样发生了严重的均匀腐蚀和点蚀。浸泡7天后,SRB体系中的Zn试样平均失重为32.2 mg/cm²,是无菌培养基中试样平均失重的42倍,腐蚀产物主要为ZnS。生物膜和腐蚀产物膜的累积在培养初期可以减缓金属基体与溶液界面的电子传输过程,导致腐蚀速率减缓。培养中后期,由于生物膜和腐蚀产物膜的阻隔作用,导致混合膜层底部有机碳源缺乏,SRB转向Zn获取自身所需电子,表现为腐蚀速率上升。     

HDR双相不锈钢的耐局部腐蚀性能

为了探讨HDR双相不锈钢在脱盐装置中应用的可行性,对其耐点蚀和耐缝隙腐蚀性能进行了研究.FeCl3浸泡试验和电化学试验表明,与316L不锈钢相比,HDR双相不锈钢具有较高的点蚀和缝隙腐蚀临界温度、点蚀电位以及再钝化电位,因此,其耐点蚀和缝隙腐蚀性能良好.自腐蚀电位监测和活化pH值试验用于解释其腐蚀行为.     

腐蚀影响下半潜平台浮体时变极限强度

主要探讨了半潜钻井平台浮体结构由于受到海洋环境腐蚀作用后的时变极限强度问题。首先,总结各种关于腐蚀损伤的平均厚度缩减模型,选择较能反映实际腐蚀过程的数学模型来估量浮体的钢板厚度缩减。在此基础上进行一系列极限强度计算,根据计算结果给出浮体极限强度预报公式。最后研究不同纵向构件板厚折减对极限强度的影响,发现浮体角隅板的单位体积影响率最高,而占结构比例大的构件厚度折减也将使得强度大大削弱,这两类纵向构件需要予以重点腐蚀保护。     

均匀腐蚀海工结构钢拉伸试验研究

根据电化学腐蚀原理,制备不同均匀腐蚀程度的海工高强度结构钢NVD36试件,对腐蚀试件进行了拉伸试验,得到了钢材拉伸性能的变化规律:随着腐蚀程度的增加,钢材NVD36的弹性模量、屈服强度、屈服应变、极限强度、峰值应变、断裂强度和断裂应变(极限应变)都在逐渐变小,屈服平台长度和强化应变没有明显的变化趋势,强屈比保持在一定范围内。当腐蚀质量相同,试件出现明显点蚀时,NVD36钢材的拉伸性能有所退化。通过拟合试验数据,建立了腐蚀后海洋结构钢应力-应变三折线模型,并对拉伸试验进行了数值模拟。     

深海吸力锚承载特性与稳定性研究

深海吸力锚基础的极限承载能力是海洋工程结构设计中的一个关键问题.基于Coulomb摩擦对原理,给出了一种精确模拟吸力锚承载能力的有限元模型.在该数值模型基础上,利用通用有限元分析软件ABAQUS研究系泊点位置对吸力锚极限承载力的影响,并给出深海吸力锚失稳模式.结果表明,系泊点位置极大地影响着吸力锚的极限承载力与稳定性,系泊点位置的变化会导致吸力锚出现前倾转动、平移滑动和后仰转动失稳模式.当系泊点位置在吸力锚入泥深度3/5左右处,更能发挥深海吸力锚的承载能力.     

水下生产系统跨接管结构极限承载能力分析

跨接管是水下生产系统的主要构件之一,水下地形变化易导致跨接管两端承受较大边界位移载荷,对水下生产系统的结构安全性产生不利影响。研究并分析了端部相对位移载荷作用下跨接管结构的极限承载能力及跨接管失效模式的特点,表明整体轴向压缩位移分量是导致跨接管结构发生极限破坏的主要因素。在此基础上考虑了内表面周向裂纹对跨接管极限强度的影响。分析结果表明:当裂纹较小时,因弯管截面的椭圆化和塑性屈服,轴向压缩位移很容易使跨接管发生整体压缩失效;当裂纹较大时,因为裂纹韧带区的高应力效应,跨接管会在整体压缩失效之前达到极限状态;最终失效模式取决于裂纹的位置及大小。     

深海吸力锚水平极限承载力研究

深海吸力锚基础的极限承载能力是海洋工程锚固系统的一个关键问题。基于Coulomb摩擦接触对原理,给出一种模拟吸力锚承载能力的有限元模型。在该数值模型基础上,利用通用有限元分析软件ABAQUS,研究系泊点位置、吸力锚长径比对极限承载力的影响,并给出深海吸力锚失稳模式。结果表明,系泊点位置极大地影响着吸力锚的极限承载力与稳定性,系泊点位置的变化会导致吸力锚出现前倾转动、平移滑动和后仰转动失稳模式,同时吸力锚失稳模式受长径比的影响。为工程实际和理论分析提供了技术支持和理论指导。     

Artificial neural networks and their application to assessment of ultimate strength of plates with pitting corrosion

The potential for the structural capability degrading effects of both corrosion and fatigue induced cracks are of profound importance and must be both fully understood and reflected in vessel's inspection and maintenance programme. Corrosion has been studied and quantified by many researchers, however its effect on structural integrity is still subject to uncertainty, particularly with regards to localized corrosion. The present study is focused on assessing the effects of localized pitting corrosion on the ultimate strength of unstiffened plates. Over 265 non-linear finite-element analyses of panels with various locations and sizes of pitting corrosion have been carried out. The results indicate that the length, breadth and depth of pit corrosion have weakening effects on the ultimate strength of the plates while plate slenderness has only marginal effect on strength reduction. Transverse location of pit corrosion is also an important factor determining the amount of strength reduction. When corrosion spreads transversely on both edges, it has the most deteriorating effect on strength. In addition, artificial neural network (ANN) method is applied to derive a formula to predict ultimate strength reduction of locally corroded plates. It is found out that the proposed formulae can accurately predict the ultimate strength of locally corroded plates under uniaxial in-plane compression.     

Ultimate strength assessment of hull structural plate with pitting corrosion damnification under biaxial compression

It is well known that pitting corrosion occurring on surface of hull structural plate will surely result in a significant degradation of the ultimate strength of the hull structural plate. This report aims at development of an assessing formula for ultimate strength of hull plate with pitting corrosion damage under the biaxial in-plane compression loading. The ultimate strength assessment model that is in terms of the corroded volume loss was deduced in theory, and which was then completed through numerical experiment by employing nonlinear finite element analyses for series of corroded plate models. Meanwhile, pitting corrosion in actual ship hull was analyzed and simulated, which ensured that all the assumptions for the finite element model parameters were in accord with the actual hull plate with pitting corrosion damage. Furthermore, the effects of plate slenderness, the linear factors at the plate edges and the ratio between the transverse and the longitudinal in-plane stresses on the ultimate strength reduction related to the corroded volume loss were discussed. The ultimate strength assessment formula being in terms of corroded volume loss developed in this research is expected to be applicable to assess the ultimate strength of the hull structural plate with pitting corrosion damage.     

Residual compressive strength of inclined steel tubular members with local corrosion

In jacket-type offshore structures, corrosion damage affects the structural performance under compressive loading, which is created by the working and design loads of the main system. In this study, the effects of corrosion damage on the compressive structural behavior and strength of steel tubular members were investigated. Artificial corrosion damage was applied to the tubular specimens via mechanical processing and hand drilling to replicate the inclined nature of jacket-type offshore structures. The damage was applied to either half or all of the circumference of the specimens. The compressive failure modes of the artificially corroded tubular members were affected by the corrosion conditions. The compressive strengths were also affected by the level of corrosion. From the results of this study, the residual compressive strengths of corroded tubular steel members can be estimated based on the condition of the damaged sectional areas.     

Seismic Collapse Performance of Jacket Offshore Platforms with Time-Variant Zonal Corrosion Model

Corrosion of offshore platforms is inevitable. In an ocean corrosion environment, the strength of a platform is weakened greatly. When simultaneously subjected to earthquakes or other extreme loads, the ultimate bearing capacity of the corroded platform is dramatically reduced, resulting in compounded damage from both corrosion and earthquake. Thus, the influence of corrosion cannot be neglected in the seismic performance investigation of platforms. The commonly used corrosion model in platform design is uniform corrosion, and the corrosion rate rule for any parts or zones in a platform is the same. In real cases, however, there are significant differences between the corrosion characteristics in different parts of a platform. Based on theoretical aspects and measured data, a zonal time-variant corrosion model of a platform is developed for a seismic collapse performance investigation. The pushover and incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) methods are adopted here to calculate the collapse margin ratio (CMR), there serve strength ratio (RSR) and ductility coefficient (μ) that are frequently used for the safety reserve evaluation of a platform. The failure reason and collapse probability of platforms considering different service periods are compared. The most prominent feature of the proposed time-variant zonal corrosion model is to capture potential switch of weak location and resulting failure path of corroded jacket offshore platforms although the proposed model needs further calibration by more reliable in-field measured data. As expected, corrosion can definitely cause a reduction in earthquake resistance of a jacket offshore platform, as well as ultimate deformability. The coupled effect between the time-variant vibration properties of the platform and the spectral characteristics of selected motions, the collapse-level spectral acceleration (SA) does not always decrease with increasing corrosion degree. The curves corresponding to normalized CMR and RSR agree very well with each other in the early corrosion development stage and service period beyond 30 years. Some distinct differences can be found during the two stages, with the greatest difference up to 10% for the example platform.     

A Computational Investigation of the Group Effect of Pits on the Ultimate Strength of Steel Plates

In this work, we focus on assessing the group effect of localized corrosion on the ultimate strength of the marine structural plates and study the load-deformation behaviors of plates of various slenderness and uniaxial compression. Meanwhile, we investigate different corroded patterns from a single circular pit to 25 circular pits distributed over the plate and carry out hundreds of nonlinear finite element simulations by combining the number, depth, distribution of pits with imperfections and slenderness of plate. The distribution of multiple pits causes scattering of stress concentration on the plate, then the plastic section of plate changes with wider distribution of damage simultaneously. The ultimate strength arises when un-loading zone comprised of the yielding strips and holes extends across the plate. It can be concluded that the corroded condition defined as group effect of pits manipulates the deformation state and the loading capacity of plate at the ultimate strength mode that coincides with the proportion of effective loading area and section in the process of post-buckling. To validate the effect of pits group, we perform the numerical experiments of the post-buckling of steel plates containing pits in a row with different orientation.     

基于压磁效应的锈蚀钢筋应力状态检测试验研究

钢筋锈蚀是严重威胁结构安全的耐久性问题,基于压磁效应,研究均匀锈蚀和坑蚀两种锈蚀钢筋的应力状态与压磁场变化的关系。首先,采用通电加速锈蚀方法进行钢筋均匀锈蚀和点蚀试验;然后,通过轴向拉伸静载试验和疲劳加载试验,分析锈蚀钢筋的压磁信号特征。试验结果显示,磁感强度与钢筋应力状态之间具有较好的对应关系,屈服阶段不同锈蚀率下的钢筋磁感强度曲线有较明显区别,疲劳荷载作用下锈蚀钢筋的法向残余磁感强度和磁滞回环面积均呈现疲劳三阶段变化规律,可进一步运用于钢筋应力状态的检测中。