西安近63年气候变化特征综合分析

根据西安1951—2013年气温、降水,1971—2013年浅层地温,1981—2013年深层地温资料,采用线性倾向率、Mann-Kendall等方法分析西安气候变化。结果表明:1)西安近63a气温增温明显,降水缓慢波动下降;各层年平均地温呈升温趋势,160cm升温最大,15cm升幅最小。2)年及四季平均气温除夏季在20世纪70—80年代呈下降趋势,其余各年代际均呈上升趋势,21世纪后升温最为迅速;各年代际降水呈显著波动趋势。3)西安气候变暖主要表现在春、冬季;四季降水均有所减少,夏、秋两季降水量占年降水量的70%以上,主导年降水量的变化。4)西安年平均气温、地温20世纪90年代发生升温突变,与城市化快速发展时期相吻合。     

北方农牧交错带中部区域气候变化特征

分析北方农牧交错带中部区域1951-2005年温度、降水的变化特征,结果表明,研究区近55 a的气温和降水具有如下特征：1）增温明显,气温变率为0.4℃/10 a,不同季节增温幅度以冬、春、夏、秋依次递减;2）降水变化可分为3个阶段：20世纪50-60年代降水量呈减少趋势,70-80年代处于较平稳的过渡期,90年代以来降水量又呈现增加趋势。夏季降水与年降水变化趋势类似,秋季与冬季降水波动较小,基本保持平稳。研究区高温、干旱有所加强,暴雨、低温事件减少。     

日喀则近53年气候变化特征分析

利用线性趋势函数及Mann-Kendall突变检测分析法,分析了西藏藏南河谷日喀则气象站气温及降水近53年的气候变化特征。结果表明,年平均气温与极端气温均呈上升趋势,而最高气温的上升趋势尤为明显,年降水量波动上升。冬春季增温趋势较秋、夏季更为明显,春夏季降水呈增加趋势,而秋季降水略有减少。Mann-Kendall突变检测表明,近53年日喀则地区气温有明显的增暖趋势,但20世纪60—70年代变冷趋势亦十分显著,在2001年温度发生一次突变。年降水量在1958年发生了由少向多的突变,但这一突变仅维持到20世纪60年代中期。     

达州近50年气候变化特征分析

采用气候倾向率和趋势系数方法对达州6个气象站1960年以来气温、降水资料进行统计分析,结果表明：（1）1960年以来达州市年平均气温呈小幅上升的趋势,冬、春、秋三季增温,而夏季降温,气温年较差减小。20世纪80年代降温显著,90年代以后气温明显上升。（2）降水量趋势性变化不显著,总体呈略为增加的趋势。春、秋季降水减少,冬、夏季降水增多。近几年强降水频发,同时出现严重干旱。降水的相对集中和气温的升高,将导致干旱和洪涝发生的强度加重。     

达州近50年气候变化特征分析

采用气候倾向率和趋势系数方法对达州6个气象站1960年以来气温、降水资料进行统计分析,结果表明:(1)1960年以来达州市年平均气温呈小幅上升的趋势,冬、春、秋三季增温,而夏季降温,气温年较差减小。20世纪80年代降温显著,90年代以后气温明显上升。(2)降水量趋势性变化不显著,总体呈略为增加的趋势。春、秋季降水减少,冬、夏季降水增多。近几年强降水频发,同时出现严重干旱。降水的相对集中和气温的升高,将导致干旱和洪涝发生的强度加重。     

近40 a石河子地区气候暖湿化特征分析

分析了40 a气温、降水及干旱指数的变化特征,结果表明:(1)近40 a石河子地区平均温度以0.3℃/10 a趋势上升,和全疆变化一致;该地区年、冬季、夏季气温总体呈上升趋势,20世纪60~70年代年、冬季、夏季气温呈降低的趋势,80~90年代气温呈增加趋势,80年代冬季升温比夏季升温明显,而90年代夏季升温比冬季明显。(2)降水总体趋势上升,降水增长率为12.5 mm/10 a,90年代平均降水比30 a均值偏多20.8%。(3)年平均干旱指数总体呈下降趋势,但趋势不明显,其减少率为-0.3/10 a。(4)石河子地区的温度、降水及干旱指数用M ann-kendall方法检验分别在不同年份发生了不同程度的突变。结果指出,石河子地区气候正在趋于暖、湿化,这对于本区绿洲的发展具有有利的一面。     

气候变暖背景下六盘水近58a气候变化特征分析

利用1961—2018年六盘水市观测站的气温、降水、日照时数等气象资料,采用线性倾向估计、Mann-Kendall突变检验等方法,分析了六盘水市近58 a的气候变化特征,结果表明:六盘水市近58 a来年平均气温、各季平均气温、极端最高气温及最低气温均呈升高趋势,秋季增温趋势最明显,20世纪60-90年代六盘水年和各季的平均气温相对偏低,90年代以后逐渐升高,1999年前后年平均气温发生了突变。六盘水市春、夏、秋季及年降水呈减少趋势,冬季则呈增多趋势。六盘水市降水主要集中在5-9月,夏季降水量最多,冬季最少。六盘水市年及各季的日照时数均呈减少趋势,夏季日照时数减少更显著;春季和夏季日照时数较多,冬季日照时数最少;日照时数8月最多,1月最少。     

对喜马拉雅山脉中段6个台站的气候变化分析

利用喜马拉雅山脉中段南、北两侧6个气象站1971-2007年逐月气温、降水资料,分析了该地区气候变化趋势、异常及突变特征。结果表明：喜马拉雅山脉中段南、北两侧年、季平均气温均呈明显上升趋势,冬半年升温幅度大于夏半年。年及夏半年平均气温均为随年代升高趋势,而冬半年气温在20世纪80年代较70年代略偏低,90年代后又逐渐升高。21世纪前7 a升温最为显著,较20世纪70年代升高0.6～1.1℃。1997年该地区南侧年平均气温发生突变,突变后增温趋势更加明显。20世纪90年代末以来,异常偏暖年份出现的几率明显增加,且南侧多于北侧。喜马拉雅山脉中段北侧年及冬夏半年降水均呈增多趋势。南侧年和夏半年降水呈减少趋势,冬半年为增多趋势。降水异常出现在20世纪80、90年代,21世纪后降水出现异常的概率明显减少。近40 a,北侧气候具有暖湿化趋势;南侧冬半年与之类似,但夏半年及全年呈暖干化趋势。     

近50年来祁连山区气候变化特征研究

根据祁连山区海拔2800 m以上的5个气象站点的气温及降水资料,分析了近50年的气候变化.研究表明,50年来祁连山区年平均气温呈上升趋势,突变出现在1980年代中期,1980年代中期以前增温缓慢,以后增温明显加快.冬季变暖的趋势远大于夏季,夜间升温幅度远大于白天,祁连山区气温以东西两段增温幅度最大;祁连山区降水量呈增加趋势,少雨年在1960年代和1970年代,多雨年在近20年,春季和夏季有明显上升趋势,祁连山西段降水量增加幅度明显.     

气候变暖背景下六盘水近58年气候变化特征分析

利用1961～2018年六盘水市观测站的气温、降水、日照时数等气象资料,采用线性倾向估计、Mann-Kendall突变检验等方法,分析了六盘水市近58年的气候变化特征,结果表明：六盘水市近58年来年平均气温、各季平均气温、极端最高气温及最低气温均呈升高趋势,秋季增温趋势最明显,20世纪60年代到90年代六盘水年和各季的平均气温相对偏低,90年代以后逐渐升高,1999年前后年平均气温发生了突变。六盘水市春、夏、秋季及年降水呈减少趋势,冬季则呈增多趋势。六盘水市降水主要集中在5到9月,夏季降水量最多,冬季最少。六盘水市年及各季的日照时数量均呈减少趋势,夏季日照时数减少更显著;春季和夏季日照时数较多,冬季日照时数最少;日照时数8月最多,1月最少。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.