HY1621多波束测深仪的性能分析

基于HY1621多波束测深仪的多次研制试验,利用不同水域的测试数据,重点分析了HY1621多波束测深仪的测深稳定性、边缘波束稳定性以及测量精度。通过对比分析HY1621和T50-P多波束对新安江水库区域的水下地形扫测成果,以及对HY1621多波束在长江三峡库区的水下地形扫测成果所做的分析,验证了HY1621是一款达到预期性能设计指标的多波束测深仪。     

基于四阶累积量的被动测向声纳高分辨力算法研究

利用高阶累积量的阵列扩展和抑制高斯噪声特性,提出1种基于四阶累积量的逆波束形成算法,并通过滑动平均进一步改善了算法。仿真结果和实验数据表明:逆波束形成算法较常规波束形成方法在空间方位分辨力和噪声抑制能力上明显提高,可以更有效地应用于被动测向声纳中。     

Buried Sphere Detection Using a Synthetic Aperture Sonar

This paper presents observations of a buried sphere detected with a low-frequency (5–35-kHz) synthetic aperture sonar (SAS). These detections were made with good signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) at both above and below the critical grazing angle. The raw data for the below-critical-grazing angle detection shows that the acoustic penetration is skewed by the 29$^{circ}$ offset of the ripple field relative to the sonar path. This observed skew is in agreement with T-matrix calculations carried out to model penetration into the bottom via ripple diffraction. Additionally, measured SNRs over different frequency bands are compared to predictions made using both first- and second-order perturbation theory for ripple diffraction. Both the data and the models indicate a peak detection region around 25 kHz for the environmental conditions present during the test. These results confirm that ripple diffraction can play a critical role in long range (subcritical angle) buried target detection.      

一种基于方位估计的双站被动声呐航迹关联方法

当探测区域存在多个目标时,双站被动声呐测向系统通过目标方位线交叉定位会产生多个交点,对被动声呐的测量方位进行关联即是剔除虚假交点,选择真实交点。在两被动声呐对目标方位保持连续跟踪的条件下,提出了一种利用方位预关联形成关联航迹对目标的位置和方位值进行估计,根据估计值与传感器实测方位值的偏差大小来判定预关联正确性的决策规则,结合海上实验数据仿真验证了方法的有效性。     

Bayesian Sonar Detection Performance Prediction With Source Position Uncertainty Using SWellEx-96 Vertical Array Data

Predicting sonar detection performance is important for the development of sonar systems. The classical sonar equation cannot accurately predict sonar detection performance because it does not incorporate the effect of ocean environmental and source position uncertainty. We propose an analytical receiver operating characteristic (ROC) expression that characterizes the performance of the optimal Bayesian detector in the presence of ocean environmental and source position uncertainty. The approach is based on a statistical model of the environment and a physical model of acoustic propagation, which translates ocean environmental and source position uncertainty to signal wavefront uncertainty. The analytical ROC expression developed in this paper is verified for source position uncertainty due to source motion using both simulated data and real data collected during the Shallow Water Evaluation Cell Experiment (SWellEx-96). The results showed that the primary effect of source position uncertainty on optimal sonar detection performance is captured by the rank that corresponds to the significant eigenvalues of the signal matrix, an ensemble of replica signal wavefronts (normalized acoustic pressure vector) at the receiving array. The results also showed that the proposed ROC expression provides a realistic detection performance prediction for the Bayesian detector for source position uncertainty using real data. The proposed approach to sonar detection performance prediction is much simpler and faster than those using conventional Monte Carlo approaches.     

TRONKA声纳系统在蛙人探测中的应用研究

随着蛙人侵袭活动的猖獗,探测蛙人的声纳引起了注意,为此提出了水下安全防护系统。文中针对TRONKA声纳在水下安全防护系统中的应用进行了详细阐述。该声纳系统可探测、跟踪、分类活动和固定目标,并向岸站发出报警信号,以便对威胁进行防御,保护港口、舰船等的安全。     

关于多波束与侧扫声纳回波检测方法的探讨

多波束测深仪和侧扫声纳是实施国家“703”专项海洋调查任务的主要设备，理解两种设备对回波信号检测这一核心技术是掌握和正确使用它们的首要条件。文章对目前国内外流行的多波束测深仪和侧扫声纳回波信号检测方法做了详细的分析。     

侧扫声纳探测技术的研究现状及发展

侧扫声纳是海洋地形地貌测量的必备仪器之一。主要介绍了侧扫声纳探测技术的研究现状,重点阐述了其最新研究进展,给出了侧扫声纳技术未来的发展趋势。针对国内外实际应用需求,提出了几点建议,以期为我国侧扫声纳技术相关研究提供参考。     

基于模糊数学的AIS和被动声呐航迹关联算法研究

针对AIS系统和被动声呐航迹的关联问题,提出了基于模糊数学的关联算法。该算法引入了AIS航迹可靠性的概念,提出了包含船舶与被动声呐间角度、距离、航迹可靠性等3个因素的关联隶属度函数与权重分配。通过实验验证,该算法可以较好地实现AIS与被动声呐间的航迹关联,为声呐信号复盘分析和自动化处理提供了借鉴。     

声纳记录失真分析

从侧扫声纳的工作原理出发，分析了侧扫声纳记录声图产生基本失真的原因，推导出基本失真的数学公式，所得结论对实际作用有重要的指导意义。     

高分辨率多波束声纳系统海底目标物检测技术

结合近几年出现的高分辨率多波束测深系统的性能特点,通过检测实例,介绍其在海底管道(尤其是裸露管道)检测中的相关技术及及检测成果。结果证实,高分辨率多波束测深系统可以准确检测海底小尺寸目标物,为其新特性的推广应用提供技术参考。     

基于声呐图像的水雷目标检测技术简述

针对水雷目标探测识别困难这一现实问题,分析了水雷及其声呐图像的主要特点,介绍了基于统计特征、形态学、最大熵、分形和聚类等传统水雷识别方法和基于深度学习技术的水雷目标检测算法,以期为后续算法研发提供技术参考。     

基于小波变换的声纳图像边缘特征检测研究

声纳图像的边缘特征检测是其目标识别技术的重要技术基础。声纳图像背景复杂、噪声污染严重,而传统的边缘检测方法对图像噪声非常敏感,所以针对这一特点,利用小波变换易于消除噪声、运算方便的数学特征,提出了一种基于小波变换的声纳图像边缘特征检测算法。由计算机仿真结果可以得到,与传统的边缘检测算法相比,此算法在有效地抑制噪声的同时,还可以得到较高的边缘定位精度,能够很好地检测到原始声纳图像的边缘。     

A Custom Chip Set for a Frequency-Agile High-Resolution Sonar Array

This paper describes two custom-integrated circuits, which form the core building blocks of a versatile wideband sonar array. An analog 0.5-mum complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) chip houses a preamplifier, an antialias filter, and a high-resolution (14-16 b) data converter based on delta-sigma modulation techniques. A complementary 0.35-mum digital CMOS chip incorporates a four-stage multirate filter cascade, which provides a wideband and two narrowband outputs. The complex narrowband outputs are obtained via a subsampling mixer and span over the top 15% or the top 10%, respectively, of the original band. The system sampling clock can vary from 2 to 10 MHz to enable tuning to a specific frequency window located anywhere between 30 and 150 kHz. Both chips process four sonar channels in parallel and, when clocked at 10 MHz, dissipate a combined power of 416 mW (104 mW per channel).     

实孔径成像声纳在海底油气管线探测中的应用

利用成像声纳对油气管线进行探测,是重要的声学测量技术手段之一。侧扫声纳和环扫声纳是两种典型的实孔径成像声纳,介绍了这两种声纳的成像特点,分别从搭载平台、扫测特点、参数显示和声图特征等4个方面进行了比较,结合工程实例给出了两种声纳对海底油气管线探测的应用效果,分析比较了二者的优缺点。所得结论对于了解和掌握侧扫声纳和环扫声纳设备性能,进行海底油气管线检测和状态评估具有重要的工程实用意义。     

A Passive Localization Algorithm and Its Accurancy Analysis

The problem of estimating source location from noisy measurements of range differences (RD's) is considered. A localization technique based on solving a set of linear equations is presented and its accuracy properties are analyzed. An optimal weighting matrix for the least squares estimator is derived. The analytical expressions for the variance and bias of the estimator are validated by Monte-Carlo simulation. The problem of estimating source velocity given measurements of range differences and range-rate differences is briefly considered, and a linear equation technique is derived.     

三种验潮方法水位观测性能比较与统计分析

水尺、压力式验潮仪与验潮井验潮仪是海道测量水位控制和水位观测的主要手段。通过6日6个时间段的同步比对试验,计算了三种方法获取水位观测数据之间的潮时差和潮高差,分析了三种观测手段的水位观测性能以及产生差值的可能原因,提出了使用方法的建议。     

多波束测深声呐成像仿真及作用距离分析

AUV 等无人装备研制过程中如何选择合适的多波束测深系统以满足特定作业场景需求是工程技术人员关心的问题之一。从多波束测深声呐系统与 AUV 等无人系统的匹配角度出发,采用混响背景下的主动声呐方程建立了不同工作频率多波束作用距离计算评估方法,对 100 kHz~500 kHz 的多波束测深声呐作用距离进行了计算对比。在此基础上,采用线性调频、FFT 波束形成、脉冲压缩、样条插值扩充目标角度、Rife 算法优化角度估计技术,建立了多波束测深声呐的成像仿真方法,并通过直线地形、台阶地形对多波束测深声呐的成像特点和测深分辨率进行了分析。主要结论：1）建立了一种多波束作用距离评估的方法,可用于指导无人装备用多波束测深声呐频率参数的选型;2）建立的多波束测深声呐仿真办法可以帮助工程技术人员更直观地理解多波束测深声呐的成像特点;3）通过仿真分析了 CW 信号与线性调频信号下的距离分辨率,可用于指导波束测深作业时的高度、信号参数设置。     

一种多波束声呐回波信号时延的实时特征窗分析方法

本文介绍了一种多波束声呐回波信号时延的实时分析方法。通过实时提取信号的幅度及形状的综合特征计算出信号的时延。该方法具有较强的抗干扰能力,算法快速、准确,适合于多波束声呐系统的回波信号实时分析处理。     

基于分区自适应阈值的声呐障碍物检测算法研究

针对UUV避碰声呐探测障碍物过程中自主选择分割阈值进行障碍物检测的问题,提出了基于分区自适应阈值的障碍物检测算法。首先将避碰声呐图像均匀分为相同大小的图像块,对每个图像块基于最大类间方差算法确定该区域障碍物图像分割的高低阈值,然后对检测到的障碍物进行形态学处理去除孤立噪声点,对目标区域进行连通性分析及内部空洞处理,最终得到完整的障碍物轮廓信息。通过湖试数据验证表明了该方法对声呐障碍物检测的有效性。