苏州城市规划区地下空间开发适宜性评价

结合苏州城市规划区的地质环境特点,选取地形地貌、建筑场地类别、不良岩土体、水文条件、地质灾害等5个方面13个因子作为地下空间资源开发适宜性评价指标,运用层次分析法(AHP)确定各指标因子的权重,采用多目标线性加权函数建立评价数学模型,利用GIS叠加生成适宜性评价图。结果表明:西部基岩山区地质环境条件较好,适宜地下空间开发,东部平原区水系发育,软土层较厚,水文条件复杂,地下空间开发适宜性相对较差。     

江苏泰州城市规划区浅层地热能特征及其开发利用

泰州地处江苏中部的长江冲积平原,浅层地热能资源丰富。通过对该市城市规划区第四纪岩土体地质结构、水文地质条件、地温场背景等调查研究和6个岩土体现场热响应测试,获取了该区域不同岩土体的热物性参数,查明了浅层地热能的赋存条件、分布特点及规律,评价了浅层地热能的可采资源量,并提出了可行的开发利用方案及建议。     

国土空间规划编制视角下的国土空间用途管制体系研究

为明确国土空间用途管制体系,解决国土空间用途管制对象错位、行政部门间管控范围越位、规划落地实施缺位等问题,本研究构建了由指标、分区、地类和控制线等管控方式组成的国土空间用途管制体系。结合浙江省国土空间规划编制经验,系统梳理了适合当下国土空间规划编制的土地用途管控理论体系,深化了浙江省国土空间用途管制传导细则,并图示化各管制措施之间的编制逻辑关系,演绎了管控体系的实践操作逻辑,以期为国土空间规划编制提供技术依据。     

三维地质模型在门头沟新城建设规划地质勘查中的应用

三维地质模型具有直观、准确、可分析、可利用等特点,可以为城市规划及土地利用提供科学依据。本文介绍了三维地质模型,在门头沟新城建设规划地质勘查中的应用。     

河西走廊特殊地形与大风的关系探讨

运用河西走廊1951-2010年大风资料,参考相应地区的的地形特征,探讨了地形与大风发生的关系. 结果表明：地形的狭管效应对局地大风风速的突然加强是河西走廊多大风的重要原因,海拔是影响大风日数、最大风速和持续时间的重要因素. 祁连山的阻挡作用是造成山区北侧大风日数偏少、最大风速偏小和持续时间偏短的重要因素;地形与河谷走向是影响大风风向的重要因素.     

河西走廊东部结冰初、终日气候特征

利用1961-2015年河西走廊东部5个气象站点结冰初、终日观测资料和地、气温资料,采用现代气候诊断分析方法,分析了河西走廊东部结冰初、终日的时空变化特征以及结冰初、终日与地、气温的关系。结果表明：受海拔、地形地势、植被覆盖和地表岩性等影响,在空间分布上,结冰初日为山区最早,荒漠区次之,绿洲平原区最晚;结冰终日为山区最晚,荒漠区次之,绿洲平原区最早;各地结冰初、终日存在一定的异常性,正常结冰初、终日的年份概率均在60%左右,偏早和特早结冰初日以及偏晚和特晚结冰终日的年份概率均在20%左右,结冰初、终日与气温的异常年份有较好的对应关系。在时间变化上,结冰初日呈推迟趋势,结冰终日呈提早趋势,结冰初日推迟的幅度比结冰终日提早的幅度更大;结冰初、终日时间序列均分别存在10~12 a、8~10 a的准周期变化。结冰初、终日与地、气温和海拔具有极显著相关性,地、气温每升高1℃,结冰初日分别推迟约3.0 d、3.5 d,结冰终日分别提早约4.2 d、4.9 d;海拔每升高100 m,结冰初日提早约1.8 d,结冰终日推迟约2.5 d;结冰终日对气候变暖和海拔变化的响应程度比结冰初日更敏感。     

河西寒旱区盐渍土地层温湿度变化模式

盐渍土病害的发生与发展在很大程度上取决于土体内水、热变化状况。笔者以甘肃酒泉瓜州地区戈壁盐渍土为原型,利用硅半导体温度测量方式和时域反射技术（TDR）实时监测了盐渍土地层温度和湿度变化情况,分析了河西寒旱区盐渍土地层温湿度的变化模式。结果表明：研究区地层温度的日变化和年变化分别表现为一定周期的正弦曲线,地表处温度变化最剧烈;随深度增加温度变化幅度呈指数衰减,对环境气温的滞后效应也明显增加,日温度变化影响深度为40~50 cm,年温度变化影响深度为500~600 cm。因强烈的蒸降比和较深的地下水位,研究区地层基本无外界水分补充或损耗,地层湿度在一定时期内基本不发生明显变化,仅降水时期在浅表部有所波动。分析表明,研究区浅部100~150 cm深度范围内温度变化较大的地层中存在发生盐渍土病害的可能性,这也在很大程度上取决于地层的湿度情况,因此工程建设中应做好浅表层的防排水措施。     

Comprehensive assessment of water security for inland watersheds in the Hexi Corridor,Northwest China

Water security is related closely to ecological, environmental, economic, social, and political problems, and may possibly even affect national security. The problem is especially important in arid inland watersheds. In this paper, we assess the water resources security of three watersheds in the Hexi Corridor (Northwest China) using a multi-level, multi-target, analytical hierarchy process approach. We constructed an assessment system based on the current situation and future development of the region’s water resources in the context of the society, economy, and environment of these inland watersheds. The assessment used 21 indicators that describe the ratio of water supply to demand, the ecological environment, food security, drinking-water security, disaster control capacity, water resources management, and economic conditions. The level of the water resources security was highest in the Shulehe watershed, followed by the Heihe watershed and the Shiyanghe watershed. Strategies to promote water security for all three watersheds are discussed.     

河西走廊末次冰期砂楔的发现及其古气候意义

河西走廊砂楔主要形成在晚更新世冲洪积砾石层中，楔体内充填的风成砂^14C年龄证明其是末次冰期的产物，在末次冰期，洒西走廊年平均气温为－5－7度左右，较现在低13－15度，这一 估算数据与根据本区芒硝沉积层所推测的气温下降值是一致的，亦与最近有关北半球高，中纬度冰期降温幅度的研究相符合，当时，河西走廊西段年降水量可能达到100－200mm，比现在平均年降水量增加约100mm左右。     

河西走廊地区路基阴阳坡效应及合理高度分析

河西走廊是丝绸之路的咽喉,区域内季节冻土路基的稳定性对亚欧大陆运输通道有重要影响。以张掖地区季节冻土路基为例,基于传热学及弹塑性变形理论探讨了路基在阴阳坡效应下的地温和变形分布;通过比较路基最大冻结深度到地下水位的距离与毛细水最大上升高度,得到河西走廊地区路基合理高度的确定方法及拟合公式,来表示其与地下水位以及年平均气温的相互关系。结果表明：张掖地区路基阴阳坡效应明显,阴坡冻结时间比阳坡长2个月;1月阴阳坡的温差最大,达到3℃;2月,路基的竖向最大位移达到26 mm,横向位移差达到6 mm;路基合理高度随年平均气温的升高而逐渐降低,随地下水位的增加而逐渐变大,其随年平均气温的变化幅度小于地下水。该研究可定性分析路基合理高度与年平均气温、地下水位的关系,为河西走廊地区定量计算路基高度提供理论参考。     

Climate Change,Geopolitics, and Human Settlements in the Hexi Corridor over the Last 5,000 Years

Social responses to climate change over human history have been widely discussed in academia over the last two decades. However, the transformation of the human–environment nexus crossing prehistoric and historic periods and the processes associated with it are not yet clearly understood. In this study, based on published works on radiocarbon dating, archaeobotany, zooarchaeology, and archaeological sites, together with a synthesis of historical documents and highresolution paleoclimatic records, we trace the extent to which human settlement patterns in the Hexi Corridor in northwestern China evolved in conjunction with climate change over the last 5,000 years. A total of 129 Neolithic, 126 Bronze Age, and 1,378 historical sites in the Hexi Corridor(n=1,633) were surveyed. Our results show that, in the Late Neolithic and Bronze Age periods(～2800–100 BC), climate change contributed to the transformation of subsistence strategies and the subsequent changes in human settlement patterns in the Hexi Corridor. The warm-humid climate in ～2800–2000 BC promoted millet agriculture and helped the Majiayao, Banshan, and Machang Cultures to flourish. The cold-dry climate in ～2000–100 BC resulted in the divergence and transformation of subsistence strategies in the Xichengyi–Qijia–Siba and Shajing–Shanma Cultures and in a shift in their settlement patterns. However, in the historical period(121 BC–AD 1911), human settlement patterns were primarily determined by geopolitics related to the alternating rule of regimes and frequent wars, especially in the Sui–Tang dynasties. We also find that trans-Eurasian cultural exchange since ～2000 BC improved social resilience to climate change in the Hexi Corridor, mediating the human–environment nexus there. Our findings may provide insights into how human societies reacted to climate change in arid and semi-arid environments over the long term.     

深港西部通道填海区地下水Zn、Co、Pb、Mn迁移影响因素的研究

填海工程会扰动滨海地区的环境平衡,导致区域地下水中多种重金属浓度的变化.为探明重金属浓度发生变化的确切原因,为最大限度减少填海工程对环境影响提供参考依据,本文以深港西部通道填海区为例,通过实验室模拟填海条件,研究了填海区重金属迁移的关键影响因素.结果表明,填海区地下水中Zn含量升高与地下水淡化、淤泥氧化过程及填料风化有关;Co、Mn含量升高则主要与填料风化释放有关;Pb则保持较稳定的状态.     

甘肃河西走廊西大河中游湿地成因与保护对策研究

干旱的河西走廊永昌县境内分布有弥足珍贵的刘克庄、焦家庄、北海子、圣容寺等4块面积达20.38 km²的湿地,均分布于西大河中游的永昌盆地。湿地的形成是地貌-构造所控制的水文地质条件及地表水、地下水（泉水）相互转化共同作用的结果。受20世纪以来气候变暖趋势及人类过度开发利用水资源的影响,西大河中游湿地面积呈逐步减少的萎缩状态,目前较大的泉眼仅有879个,近30年来湿地面积减少40%以上。加强西大河上游祁连山径流形成区和水资源涵养区的生态环境保护,减少出山地表水的引用量,控制中游地下水开采量及地下水位,是保护有限湿地资源的主要对策措施。     

Estimation of areas of sand and dust emission in the Hexi Corridor from a land cover database: an approach that combines remote sensing with GIS

The present study combined remote sensing with geographical information system (GIS) technology to interpret Landsat TM images from 1996 to 2000 and establish a land cover database for the Hexi Corridor of China’s Gansu Province. The areas of sand and dust emission and trends in their change were extracted by analyzing the database, with the following results: In 2000, the source area for sand and dust storms totaled nearly 170,000 km², accounting for 75.1% of the study region. The emission area decreases from as much as 70,000 km² in winter and spring to around 58,000 km² in summer and autumn, accounting for 41.1 and 34.1% of the source area, respectively. During the 4 years of the study period, the emission area decreased by nearly 57 km² in winter and spring (a 0.1% change); however, the vulnerability of the land surface to wind erosion increased in ca. 190 km² and decreased in ca. 102 km². Although the area of dust emission decreased from 1996 to 2000, the area vulnerable to wind erosion increased by ca. 87 km², and the increased number of sand and dust storm days in the region between 2000 and 2003 appears to be correlated with this increase.     

我国城市地下空间规划现状、问题与对策

地下空间规划是城市地下空间开发利用有序开展的重要保障。随着我国轨道交通建设的全面展开以及相关政策的陆续出台,我国城市地下空间开发利用必将迎来更大的发展。城市地下空间规划也在近年越来越得到重视。从目前各城市的地下空间规划实践来看,我国城市地下空间规划的技术体系已基本成型,但其中仍然存在着各种各样的问题。在摸清我国城市地下空间规划编制现状和实施效果的基础上,掌握我国城市地下空间规划所面临的问题,并结合未来地下空间发展趋势提出我国城市地下空间规划解决问题的对策,有助于城市地下空间规划理论和方法进一步完善,更好地保障我国城市地下空间事业的可持续发展。     

Petrology, Geochemistry and Zircon U-Pb Geochronology of the Xiangshan Group in the Eastern Hexi Corridor Belt: Implications for Provenance and Tectonic Evolution

The eastern Hexi Corridor Belt (HCB) is located in the transitional belt among the Alxa Block, the Qilian Orogenic Belt and the North China Block. Because of its unique tectonic location, the tectonic setting, provenance, and even the age of the sedimentary strata in the eastern HCB during the Early Paleozoic remain controversial. This study analyzes the provenance of the poorly studied Xiangshan Group, discusses its age of development and tectonic setting in the eastern HCB using a combination of petrological, geochemical and LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon dating methods. Based on the youngest age peaks and the fossil evidence, we suggest that the Xiangshan Group is Middle Cambrian to Late Ordovician in age. The complexity of the geochemical characteristics and associated diagrams suggests that the early stage of the Xiangshan Group developed in a passive continental margin environment, late in the back-arc basin of the eastern HCB. Based on the sandstone detrital composition, whole-rock geochemistry and detrital zircon ages, we conclude that the Xiangshan Group had an early provenance that was mainly from the Qilian Block and a late provenance from the Qilian Block and the western Alxa Block. The eastern HCB and its northern and southern blocks have similar palaeontology, lithology and basement age characteristics to the South China Block. This indicates that the eastern HCB might not have formed in the intra-continental aulacogen of the North China Block during the Early Paleozoic but has a close affinity to eastern Gondwana.     

河西走廊带与澳大利亚的亲缘性——来自牛首山中寒武统碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素的证据

在河西走廊带东端牛首山地区中寒武统的沉积岩中开展碎屑锆石原位LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年和Hf同位素研究。结果表明,所采样品U-Pb年龄谱存在3个峰值：0.6~0.8Ga（峰值为669Ma）、1.0~1.3Ga（峰值为1173Ma）、1.6~1.8Ga（峰值为1710Ma）,明显区别于河西走廊带寒武系之上地层中的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谱。碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谱和Hf同位素特征表明,典型的格林威尔期的物质和峰值为1710Ma的碎屑物质可能源于澳大利亚西南部,与现有的古生物学和古地磁学研究结果相吻合;中奥陶世随着北祁连洋的进一步扩张及其古地理位置的变化,碎屑物质的源区也随之变化,河西走廊带开始出现0.8~1.0Ga晋宁期的碎屑物质;晚奥陶世后由于祁连山的造山隆起、剥蚀、风化,河西走廊带记录了该地区0.4~0.5Ga的碎屑物质。     

河西走廊干旱荒漠区盐碱化土地修复与调控研究 --以黑河灌区为例

黑河流域地处干旱的甘（甘肃）蒙（内蒙古）西部，是这一带最大、全国第二大内陆水系。黑河水源于祁连山，山区岩石风化后，地表与地下径流携带大量可溶性盐类（主要为NaHCO3、Na2CO3）向黑河灌区汇集，使得该片土地盐分含量不断增加，土壤理、化性质遭到破坏。人类在生产及生活中的不合理活动也加剧了盐碱化的发生。此为盲目毁草开荒，过度放牧、樵柴及采草，导致草原严重退化。特别是草原开荒将地下的盐碱翻至地表，不利于植物生长。植被大量减少又促进地表的蒸发作用，将盐碱带至地表，从而加剧了土壤盐碱化。在自然因素与人为因素的共同作用下，盐碱化土地及碱斑面积不断增加，出现了连片的碱斑和不毛之地。在盐碱化土地的治理与恢复中，应坚持因地制宜及可持续发展的原则，根据盐碱化程度、特征及当地的经济、社会状况，选择切实可行的措施。黑河灌区修复改良盐碱土的可行性措施大致可归纳为4个方面．即农业技术措施、水利工程措施、生物改良措施及化学改良措施。     

Re-orientation of the city plan: Strategic planning and design competition in China

Rather than being abandoned along with the demise of the centrally planned economy, city planning as a profession is flourishing in China. New hybrid plans such as strategic development plans (concept plans) have been invented, and the planning procedure has become more flexible. Design competition and planning consultancy are widespread. This paper examines the development of new strategic development plans and design competition. It is argued that city planning has been re-orientated from a technical rationale, i.e. allocating state development projects to the city, to the imperative derived from market-oriented development, i.e. consolidating competitiveness during inter-city competition. The contradiction between market and planning is that while the status of city planning has been raised and its approach is becoming more strategic, the actual functionality of city planning has become more instrumental.     

找矿突破战略行动中的利益主体关系

找矿突破战略行动是缓解中国资源瓶颈的重要战略举措,找矿新机制的核心是建立合理的利益分配机制,处理好多元利益主体的关系。运用企业利益相关者理论,分析找矿突破战略行动中的利益主体及相互关系,着重剖析了找矿行动的利益主体关系的矛盾现象和原因。借鉴实际案例,提出建立合理的利益分配机制、明确找矿主体、加强对省级地勘基金管理、建设和谐矿山等建议。