表面活性剂改性岩矿材料去除废水中氯代烃的实验研究

利用天然沸石、膨润土、碱性流纹岩及英安岩等岩矿材料及其表面活性剂HDTMA Br改性产物对废水中有机氯化物的去除进行了实验研究 .结果表明 ,表面活性剂改性作用有利于增强岩矿材料对水中有机氯化物的去除作用 ,其中 ,改性膨润土去除效果最好 ,二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯和氯苯的去除量分别达到 9.1,18.9,4 3.0 ,2 0 .0 ,32 .4和 30 .3μg·g-1.有机物在沉积物中的有机碳 -水分配系数Koc与岩矿材料对有机氯化物的去除量之间有较好的相关关系 .     

利用粉煤灰处理含铜废水的实验研究

研究了粉煤灰去除废水中铜离子的速率、粉煤灰投加量对粉煤灰去除废水中铜离子的影响和粉煤灰对质量浓度不同的含铜离子废水的去除效果,进一步探讨了粉煤灰去除铜离子的机理,实验结果显示粉煤灰在去除废水中铜离子的过程中反应3 h后就达到了平衡,粉煤灰对Cu2 的去除率随粉煤灰投加量的增加而增加,但是就充分利用吸附剂粉煤灰的角度而言,并非其投加量越多去除量越大,粉煤灰吸附废水中的铜离子更符合Langmuir模型,而不是Freundlich模型;粉煤灰去除废水中的Cu2 主要是静电吸附、阳离子交换吸附和表面络合吸附作用,但是,当用碱性粉煤灰处理质量浓度较低的含Cu2 废水时,生成Cu(OH)2的沉淀作用可能占主要的地位.     

阳光下二氧化钛-膨润土对SDBS的降解

实验以阳光照射6h为条件研究0.5‰TiO2-膨润土对水中十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)的降解过程,结果表明:阳光照射下,TiO2-膨润土复合催化剂去除水中SDBS的性能不仅优于TiO2,而且解决了TiO2颗粒细、难回收再用的问题;且在照射的同一时间段内,阳光中紫外光强度越强,SDBS的去除率越高,即使在北方冬天紫外光强度十分弱的条件下(20μW/cm2～180μW/cm2),TiO2-膨润土复合催化剂仍能6h去除51.1%的SDBS。实验中还发现以太阳光为光源,TiO2-膨润土去除模拟废水中的SDBS的最佳条件是:pH值6.00,TiO2-膨润土的投加量约为0.5‰,模拟废水的初始浓度约为20mg/L,与以紫光灯为光源时的最佳条件相近。     

水的高级氧化技术--自由基反应

在去除废水中有机物的众多方法中，水的高级氧化法-自由基反应是一种快速、低成本的去污方法。通过对其反应原理、反应条件等的介绍以及应用自由基反应去除水中COD的实例，证明此方法能够达到预期的目的，可望得到广泛应用。     

大洋锰结核氨浸渣脱硫产物处理含镉废水的研究

研究了大洋锰结核氨浸渣脱硫产物去除废水中镉离子的多种影响因素,如接触时间、脱硫产物粒径、溶液pH值、初始镉离子浓度和吸附剂量。并利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、场扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对材料和产物进行了表征。结果表明减小脱硫产物粒径、增大吸附剂量等有利于提高去除效果;大洋锰结核氨浸渣脱硫产物去除水中镉离子是基于离子交换反应的原理:MnS+Cd2+→CdS+Mn2+。     

坡缕石粘土固定辣根过氧化酶处理硝基酚废水

以坡缕石粘土、淀粉、水玻璃为原料,研究了固定化酶载体的制备工艺,探究了固定化酶载体在辣根过氧化酶(HRP)降解硝基酚废水中的作用,并探讨了反应时间、酶浓度、H2O2及硝基酚浓度对降解效果的影响。结果表明,固定化酶载体的最佳制备工艺为:水玻璃12%,淀粉20%,煅烧温度550℃,煅烧时间2 h;固定化酶对硝基酚的去除效果明显高于原酶;固定化酶去除水中硝基酚的最佳反应条件为:反应时间1.5 h,加酶量150 U,H2O2浓度0.12%,硝基酚浓度100 mg/L;固定化酶重复使用7次后对硝基酚的去除率仍高于60%。     

N2气氛下煅烧的黄铁矿对As(Ⅲ)的吸附作用

微量As(Ⅲ)是水中较难去除的毒性物质,天然黄铁矿对水中As(Ⅲ)的去除能力低于磁黄铁矿.将黄铁矿在氮气下高温煅烧使其转变为由磁黄铁矿构成的多孔结构化材料,具有较高的比表面积和表面化学反应活性,在地下水As(Ⅲ)去除方面具有潜在的应用前景.考察了煅烧温度、煅烧时间、pH值以及溶解氧对去除水中As(Ⅲ)的影响.结果表明黄铁矿煅烧生成的单斜磁黄铁矿对As(Ⅲ)具有最佳去除效果,最佳煅烧条件为600℃煅烧1 h;在水溶液有溶解氧条件下煅烧黄铁矿去除As(Ⅲ)的适宜p H值范围较宽(4~10),而在水溶液缺少溶解氧条件下适宜pH值则变为7~10;煅烧黄铁矿在有氧水溶液中对As(Ⅲ)的吸附比缺氧水溶液中的吸附效果好.     

新型混凝剂处理印染废水的实验研究

采用自行制各的具有不同SiO2:Al:Fe(摩尔比值)和碱化度的两类新型无机高分子混凝剂聚硅酸氯化铝铁(PSAFC)和聚硅酸硫酸铝铁(PSAFS）各7种，直接对印染废水进行处理。从中选出2种温凝剂，考察了pH值、混凝剂投量等对混凝效果的影响，并对混凝处理后，印染废水出水中残留温凝剂主要成分Al、Fe、SiO2的含量进行分析。实验结果表明，氯化物型(PSAFC)和硫酸盐型(PSAFS)混凝剂对印染废水的色度、浊度、COD Cr均有良好的去除效果；总体而言，PSAFS的混凝效果略优于PSAFC；混凝处理后印染废水出水中残留铝、铁、硅的含量均比较低；pH值和碱化度对温凝剂在水体中残留铝含量有影响。     

天然铁的硫化物处理含Hg（Ⅱ）废水的实验研究

本文利用沉淀转化的原理研究了天然铁的硫化物在处理含汞废水中的应用。重点探讨了介质ｐＨ值,试样用量、试样粒径对Ｈｇ（Ⅱ）去除效果的影响,以及试样用量与废水浓度和废水体积的。还研究了试样的重复使用性能,提出了通过调节处理过程中的ＰＨ值来提高反应速度的新方法。     

海藻酸钙包埋SRB吸附Ni2+的动力学研究

水环境中的重金属污染是个普遍关注的环境问题.研究[1～4]表明,细菌、真菌和藻类都可用作有效的生物吸附剂去除水中的多种金属.生物吸附技术处理含重金属废水的主要优点是成本低、吸附效率高和可再生[5].将生物质置于海藻酸钙、聚乙烯醇等包埋剂中有利于固液分离、生物质的回收再生和应用于各种滤池.本研究主要研究海藻酸钙包埋的混合SRB菌群对Ni的生物吸附行为.     

Northern Greece's industrial minerals: production and environmental technology developments

This paper reviews the use of Greek industrial minerals into developing low-cost, high-tech solutions to remediate parts of the chemical pollution environmental problem. The remediation strategy, based on the application and implementation of the Greek industrial minerals potential, became a major line of investigation in projects to develop new environmental technologies. Although past and current experiments have been successful on a lab scale in a number of applications, the results have not always been implemented on industrial scales. Greek olivine has been successfully tested as neutralizing agent for acid wastes, co-producing exploitable amounts of silica gel, magnesium sulphate and magnetite. Vermiculite is currently tested as an environmental ‘cleanser' in a variety of applications, i.e. metalliferous mine seepage and processing waters, organically contaminated waste water from the textile/dye industry and absorption material for oil spills. Wollastonite will be applied as long-term fertiliser and dolomite, as a substitute of asbestos in brake linings, as pollution controller of heavy metal concentrations in waste waters and as a binder to stabilize waste solids. Magnesite has been successfully applied for neutralization of acid mine wastes produced from active sulphide deposits. Zeolites (fly ash and perlite converted to zeolites were also considered) is an objective for several environmental applications, i.e. as floating absorbent for waste water ponds, as drinking water purificator or as smell abatement.     

复合硅藻土混凝剂的制备及在油田废水处理中的应用

由于目前人类生活生产所产生的废水、污水对环境造成了严重的污染,尤其是工业废水、油田废水,对环境的威胁极其严重,污水的处理已成为人类进步与发展过程中的重要课题。本文通过选取改性剂,成功地制备出了复合硅藻土混凝剂。在对油田废水的处理中,提高了除油率。     

The efficiency of Penicillium commune for bioremoval of industrial oil

Among all environmental contaminations, industrial oil is one of the major pollutants of soil, water, and air. There are different chemical, physical, and biological methods to remove all types of oil pollutions. One of the common biological methods is to utilize the microorganisms like yeast, fungi or bacteria. Previous studies concerning the biodegradation of an aromatic compound in industrial waste water by Aspergillus niger have been reported. In this study, we tried to identify an oil-derived microorganism and evaluate its efficacy on self-removal of industrial oil. Firstly, the strain of isolated fungus from various bulks of used oil was defined via colonial identification and DNA sequencing. Secondly, bioremoval activity of defined fungus (Penicillium commune) was evaluated using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The optimum conditions in biological elimination of oil including the incubation time, pH level of culture, and amount of reagents were determined. In the best condition, a removal rate of 95.4 % was obtained.     

三元复合驱采出污水回注渗透率的影响因素分析

基于大庆油田三元复合驱采出污水回注对地层存在的损害现象,研究了污水回注渗透率的影响因素。采用室内水驱实验方法,对三元复合驱采出污水中悬浮物、油、碱、聚合物等因素进行了分析,阐述了各种成分对渗透率的影响机理。结果表明,悬浮物颗粒会堵塞孔隙喉道,油产生的“贾敏效应”将增大油水流动阻力,碱与岩石及黏土矿物问的物理化学作用会使地层结垢,聚合物在岩芯中的吸附和滞留共同造成地层渗透率的下降。因此,建议将三元复合驱采出污水中悬浮物、油、碱、聚合物等处理合格后再进行回注,以减轻对地层的损害。     

重庆市环境污染地球化学调查

1：20万重庆幅区域化探显示Hg、Pb、Cd,Cu,Zn,Sb,Bi,F,P等元素在重庆市主城区异常发育，除Hg,Zn外重庆市均高于成都市。重庆市的污染更严重，Hg,Pb,Cr等元素在制药、造纸、化工、炼油和农药等工厂排污污染严重，河流污染长江，嘉陵江支流重于主流，主河流经过城区污染明显，长江污染重于嘉陵江，重庆市是长江的重要工业污染源，主要风景区和饮水源地球化学背景良。区域化探在生态环境调查中取得了重要成果。     

环境中的多环芳烃及其生物恢复技术

多环芳烃是一大类广泛存在于环境中的有机污染物。天然燃烧、火山爆发、矿物资料及其它有机物的不完全燃料和热解产生的PAH进入大气中，气态沉降、城市地表径流、城市污水、废水及油的溢涵和渗漏等是PAH进行地表水的主要途径，大气中PAH的干、湿沉降，污水灌溉，地面及地下储油装置的渗漏，地面固体废物堆的淋滤等是土壤中PAH的主要来源，沉积物和土壤是PAH的主要环境归宿。生物恢复是一种处理有机污染的新方法。     

Utilization of constructional lime as heterogeneous catalyst in biodiesel production from waste frying oil

Waste frying oil as valueless material which is disposed to environment can be used as a promising feedstock to produce biodiesel. In this study, constructional lime was used as alkaline heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production from virgin and waste frying oil. After determining the best activation temperature for the catalyst (600 °C), transesterification reactions were carried out at 65 °C, MeOH to oil molar ratio of 12:1, and 1 wt% of activated constructional lime under vigorous mixing for 5 h. Yield of reactions for virgin and waste frying oil (2.17 % free fatty acid) and pretreated waste frying oil (0.918 % free fatty acid) were 87, 93.9, and 94 %, respectively. Transesterification of virgin frying oil and pretreated waste frying oil were done at 65 °C, MeOH to oil molar ratio of 6:1, and 1 wt% of KOH as catalyst under vigorous mixing for 2 h, for comparison. Yield of the reaction was 98.6 and 95.1 %, respectively. Therefore, when constructional lime is used as catalyst pretreatment of waste oil is not necessary.     

10000吨氧氯化锆生产工艺的改进研究和经济效益分析

通过对晶安高科万吨氧氯化锆生产工艺的研究改进,在生产中取得较好的经济效益,(1)洗渣中二氧化锆回收率提高;(2)用于洗涤硅渣的工业盐酸的加入量减少,减少了酸雾对环境的污染;(3)水转料中二氧化硅含量降低了,氧氯化锆的使回收率提高了;(4)水转料中氧化钠含量降低了,产品质量得到提高;二次废酸的使用周期延长.     

马岭油田北三区污水回注的实验研究

根据马岭油田北三区油田水性质，结合污水与地层水混合的静态实验结果分析，发现污水回注对地层可能引起不同程度的伤害。同时，模拟地层条件做岩心流动实验。将采出的污水回注到地层与地层水混合后，亦会使地层渗透率下降，且随着污水含量的增加，渗透率伤害程度增大。     

Assessment and mapping of the intrinsic vulnerability to pollution: an example from Keritis River Basin (Northwestern crete, Greece)

Due to the geological and hydrogeological characteristics, the carbonate aquifers are frequently vulnerable to natural and/or anthropogenic polluting sources. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the intrinsic vulnerability to pollution of the Keritis River Basin (northwestern Crete, Greece). The huge amount of the flowing groundwater represents a strategic water resource to be allocated to drinking water purpose and to agricultural activities, too. The studied groundwater are characterized by quality degradation processes represented by the anthropogenic and natural pollution such as olive oil farming, agriculture activities, industrial waste and salt water intrusion. For a better management and protection of the water resources, the assessment and mapping of groundwater vulnerability to pollution are very important. From this investigation, the Keritis Basin showed an intrinsic vulnerability degree from extremely high to very low. This study allows to define the strategies which will permit a proper safeguard criteria, against the pollution sources of the Keritis Basin groundwater resources.