多时相MODIS影像土地覆盖分类比较研究

首先以黑龙江省多时相MODIS影像为试验数据,利用最大似然分类(MLC)、自组织神经网络(SONN)、支持向量机(SVM)以及决策树分类(DTC)等四种广泛使用的分类方法进行了土地覆盖遥感分类研究.并从分类精度、样本数量对分类器的影响、模型复杂度、参数的选择、分类速度等多个方面对4种分类方法进行了深入比较和分析.综合比较得出决策树分类法最优,而经典方法之一的最大似然分类法最稳定.进而将此二法推广到全国范围的土地覆盖分类试验中,并进行精度对比.本文所得出的结论将对于在类似的应用中如何选择合适的分类方法具有一定的参考价值.     

多时相影像数据管理中的影像块编码技术研究

探讨了多时相影像数据组织与管理的方式,提出了一种基于Morton码的多时相影像块编码管理机制,可以简单、方便、高效地管理海量多时相影像数据,并给出了多时相影像数据库的实例.     

基于多时相遥感影像的海岸线变化监测研究

随着社会经济的高速发展,沿海经济带正发生着日新月异的变化,海岸线环境发生了巨大改变。利用遥感技术不受时间、空间限制的特点,研究海岸线变化监测,有利于掌握海岸线分布情况,监测海岸线沿线生态环境。本文是基于多时相遥感影像,开展辽宁省大陆海岸线变化监测研究。     

多时相遥感影像变化检测方法综述

遥感影像变化检测一直是国际遥感领域研究的热点和难点,尽管各国学者对变化检测问题进行了大量深入的研究,但是目前尚未出现一种普适性强、适用于所有情况的通用方法。随着遥感对地观测技术的快速发展和应用,变化检测技术体系也在不断地发展和演化。回顾了多时相遥感影像变化检测技术的发展历程,对多时相遥感影像变化检测方法的分类体系进行了归纳总结,从变化检测预处理、变化检测方法、精度评价3个方面详细总结了变化检测研究的最新进展,并指出了变化检测面临的核心困难及可能的应对措施,以期推动遥感影像变化检测研究更加深入的发展。     

多时相遥感影像变化检测综述

近几十年来,多时相影像处理和变化检测是遥感领域一个较为活跃的研究方向。虽然在环境变化监测和检测方面成功的应用有很多,但是从多时相影像及时提取地球环境和人类活动的动态信息仍匝临很多挑战。近年来,随着新型遥感平台和传感器的发展,在克服技术障碍方面取得了很大进步。历史影像档案提供范围的扩大也使得长期变化检测和建模成为可能。这些发展推动了更先进的影像处理方法的开发和处理时间维度影像数据新方法的研究工作。本文回顾了多时相数据处理和变化检测的发展现状。作者首先对地球表面环境变化的性质进行了分析,从四个方面总结了遥感变化检测技术的发展,包括变化检测影像预处理、变化检测方法和途径分类、遥感变化检测方法和多时相影像处理的准确度评估。文章试图在先验知识的基础上从多源数据、集成处理和智能方法角度提出综合解决方案。为促进遥感影像变化检测技术的深入研究,本文还指出了变化检测所面临的挑战和可能的对策。     

多时相TM影像相对辐射校正研究

多时相影像对应波段中地物波谱“准”不变特征点(Pseudo-Invariant Features,PIFs)的选取是相对辐射校正的前提,采用目视解译选取主观性较强,在一定程度上影响了校正精度。利用绍兴试验区两时相TM影像,通过样本点间差异阈值,主成份分析和回归分析方法控制选取影像对应波段间的PIFs,使得校正样本点的选取具有客观性。在此基础上获取增益和偏移量并对两时相影像进行相对辐射校正,取得了较好的校正效果,从而有利于土地利用/覆盖变化监测。     

多时相遥感影像的变化检测研究现状与展望

变化检测作为摄影测量与遥感领域的研究热点之一,也是人工智能体系中极具研究价值的技术分支。二者的快速发展与深度融合,已使海量、复杂和多样的遥感数据快速智能化处理成为可能,广泛应用于资源监测、城市规划、灾害评估等诸多领域。随着遥感技术和计算能力的不断革新,变化检测体系也在不断发展和演化。本文主要从几何和语义两个角度对变化检测方法进行了分析和归纳总结,重点分析了几何信息的利用方式及深度神经网络的特征融合方式,随后总结了常用的变化检测公开样本数据集,最后对当前变化检测应用中遇到的核心问题及未来发展趋势进行了梳理与展望。     

基于多时相MODIS-RVI的玉米遥感估产研究

为了获得更加宏观高效的农作物估产模型,以吉林省德惠市为研究区,以MODIS为数据源,进行了玉米估产模型研究。通过分析比值植被指数(RVI)与玉米产量之间的相关关系,建立玉米单产预测模型。研究表明,利用多时相的RVI对玉米点进行遥感回归估产可得到较好的估算效果,模型相关系数可达0.825,均方根误差为7.61,验证点的实际产量与理论产量间的相对误差均在10%以内,对吉林省德惠市玉米估产模型研究具有一定的指导意义。     

多时相遥感影像辐射归一化方法综述

多时相遥感影像的辐射归一化是进行变化检测或拼接不可缺少的步骤。本文从绝对辐射归一化和相对辐射归一化两个方面对现有的多时相遥感影像辐射归一化方法进行了总结。对各种辐射归一化方法进行了剖析,并指出了这些方法的优缺点和适应性。最后对多时相遥感影像辐射归一化方法未来的发展进行了展望。     

Detection and estimation of mixed paddy rice cropping patterns with MODIS data

In this paper, we developed a more sophisticated method for detection and estimation of mixed paddy rice agriculture from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite data. Previous research demonstrated that MODIS data can be used to map paddy rice fields and to distinguish rice from other crops at large, continental scales with combined Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and Land Surface Water Index (LSWI) analysis during the flooding and rice transplanting stage. Our approach improves upon this methodology by incorporating mixed rice cropping patterns that include single-season rice crops, early-season rice, and late-season rice cropping systems. A variable EVI/LSWI threshold function, calibrated to more local rice management practices, was used to recognize rice fields at the flooding stage. We developed our approach with MODIS data in Hunan Province, China, an area with significant flooded paddy rice agriculture and mixed rice cropping patterns. We further mapped the aerial coverage and distribution of early, late, and single paddy rice crops for several years from 2000 to 2007 in order to quantify temporal trends in rice crop coverage, growth and management systems. Our results were validated with finer resolution (2.5 m) Satellite Pour l’Observation de la Terre 5 High Resolution Geometric (SPOT 5 HRG) data, land-use data at the scale of 1/10,000 and with county-level rice area statistical data. The results showed that all three paddy rice crop patterns could be discriminated and their spatial distribution quantified. We show the area of single crop rice to have increased annually and almost doubling in extent from 2000 to 2007, with simultaneous, but unique declines in the extent of early and late paddy rice. These results were significantly positive correlated and consistent with agricultural statistical data at the county level (P < 0.01).     

多时相遥感图像相对辐射校正

相对辐射校正是多时相遥感图像处理和分析的前提.本文分析了几种常规的相对辐射校正方法的优缺点,然后在此基础上提出了一种基于小波变换的遥感图像相对辐射校正方法.该方法对源图像小波变换域的低频成分实施辐射变换,并保持高频成分不变,重构的图像具有保持高频信息的特性,因而能够较好地保留源图像中由于地物变化引起的辐射差异.     

基于谱间关系的MODIS遥感影像水体提取研究

水是地球上万物的命脉所在,水体提取对于水资源调查、洪水灾害预测评估和环境监测等有着重要作用。而可见光和近红外波段水体与植被、城市和土壤光谱反射率的差异是利用遥感手段提取水体的基本原理。本文利用谱间关系法进行MOD IS图像的水体提取。结果表明,用于提取水体的谱间关系法比归一化植被指数(NDVI)法快速,但谱间关系法有把云错误地当作水体提取的缺点。     

MODIS大气校正精度评价及其对表层雪密度提取影响

以古尔班通古特沙漠为研究区,以中分辨率成像光谱仪（MODIS）为遥感数据源,结合ASD FieldSpec准同步实测积雪反射光谱数据对FLAASH大气校正能力进行了评价。研究表明： ①校正后的MODIS各波段积雪反射率与准同步实测积雪反射率波形相似, 在第1～7波段整体相关系数达0.82,表明FLAASH大气校正能极大地提高MODIS地物识别能力; ②校正后的MODIS 第6波段反射率和归一化差值积雪指数（NDSI）与实测雪密度呈线性相关,可用回归拟合构建MODIS雪密度遥感计算模式。     

Parameterization of air temperature in high temporal and spatial resolution from a combination of the SEVIRI and MODIS instruments

Some applications, e.g. from traffic or energy management, require air temperature data in high spatial and temporal resolution at two metres height above the ground (T_2m), sometimes in near-real-time. Thus, a parameterization based on boundary layer physical principles was developed that determines the air temperature from remote sensing data (SEVIRI data aboard the MSG and MODIS data aboard Terra and Aqua satellites). The method consists of two parts. First, a downscaling procedure from the SEVIRI pixel resolution of several kilometres to a one kilometre spatial resolution is performed using a regression analysis between the land surface temperature (LST) and the normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI) acquired by the MODIS instrument. Second, the lapse rate between the LST and T_2m is removed using an empirical parameterization that requires albedo, down-welling surface short-wave flux, relief characteristics and NDVI data. The method was successfully tested for Slovenia, the French region Franche-Comté and southern Germany for the period from May to December 2005, indicating that the parameterization is valid for Central Europe. This parameterization results in a root mean square deviation RMSD of 2.0 K during the daytime with a bias of −0.01 K and a correlation coefficient of 0.95. This is promising, especially considering the high temporal (30 min) and spatial resolution (1000 m) of the results.     

基于SAR影像的广东省垦造水田监测应用研究

垦造水田每年至少种植一次水稻,是垦造水田监管的重点内容。为了实现低成本、高效率监测,本文基于高时序的Sentinel-1A影像水稻识别技术,在广东省垦造水田监测中开展应用,并结合外业实地拍摄照片进行结果验证。选取广东省2020年前验收的垦造水田项目中新增水田为监测对象进行试验。结果显示,早稻识别结果总体精度达85.02%,晚稻识别结果总体精度达90.46%,说明该方法用于判断水稻种植情况是可行的,可有效缩小外业核查范围,提高监测效率。     

A cloud detection method based on a time series of MODIS surface reflectance images

The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-Terra surface reflectance product (MOD09A1), with bands 1 to 7, is a gridded, eight-day composite product derived from the MODIS-Terra top of atmosphere reflectance swaths. It performs cloud detection and corrects for the effects of atmospheric gases and aerosols. The cloud mask (CM) algorithms for MODIS are based on empirical thresholds on spectral reflectance and brightness temperature. Since the spatial resolution of the thermal band is 1000 m, while that of MOD09A1 is 500 m, many undetected and false clouds are observed in MOD09A1. These errors always result in temporal and spatial inconsistencies in higher-level products. In this paper, a cloud detection algorithm (TSCD) based on a MOD09A1 time series is introduced. Time series cloud detection (TSCD) algorithm is based on the relative stability of ground reflectance and the sudden variations in reflectance that result from cloud cover. The algorithm first searches the clear-sky reference data, and then discriminates clouded and unclouded pixels by detecting a sudden change of reflectance in the blue wavelength and spectral correlation coefficient at the pixel level. Compared with cloud cover assessments obtained from MODIS' original CM, TSCD provides similar or better discrimination in most situations when the land surface changes slowly.     

利用MODIS遥感影像获取近地层气温的方法研究

由于冠层叶片群体效应,在1km的空间尺度上遥感获取浓密植被陆面温度与气温近似相等。根据这个原理对利用遥感手段获取气温进行了尝试,提出利用NDVI-Ts空间获取气温的方法,计算气温空间分布模式,同时对Prihodko和Goward提出的气温遥感获取模型(简称P-G模型)进行试验并与NDVI-Ts空间法进行了对比。根据Parton和Logan提出的气温尺度转换模型,利用气象站观测最高气温和最低气温获取Terra卫星过境时刻气温作为“测定值”,对遥感获取的气温进行检验,得到以下结论:P-G模型计算气温与观测结果相比偏高,而NDVI-Ts法计算结果偏低,但是其总体误差范围相当,大约为 4℃;与P-G模型相比,尽管NDVI-Ts空间法获得的气温在精度上对P-G模型没有多大的改善,但这种方法能够更加充分利用遥感获取的信息,而且在计算机运算效率上也有很大的改进,NDVI-Ts空间法相对于P-G模型具有一定优势。     

Diurnal and seasonal impacts of urbanization on the urban thermal environment: A case study of Beijing using MODIS data

Beijing has experienced rapid urbanization and associated urban heat island effects and air pollution. In this study, a contribution index was proposed to explore the effect of urbanization on land surface temperature (LST) using Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-derived data with high temporal resolution. The analysis indicated that different zones and landscapes make diurnally and seasonally different contributions to the regional thermal environment. The differences in contributions by the three main functional zones resulted from differences in their landscape compositions. The roles of landscapes in this process varied diurnally and seasonally. Urban land was the most important contributor to increases in regional LSTs. The contributions of cropland and forest varied distinctly between daytime and nighttime owing to differences in their thermal inertias. Vegetation had a notable cooling effect as the normalized vegetation difference index (NDVI) increased during summer. However, when the NDVI reached a certain value, the nighttime LST shifted markedly in other seasons. The results suggest that urban design based on vegetation partitions would be effective for regulating the thermal environment.     

应用面向对象的决策树模型提取橡胶林信息

橡胶林的无序和不合理种植引发了一系列的生态问题,快速监测橡胶林空间分布及动态变化,对橡胶的合理种植、区域生态环境保护以及有关部门的规划决策有重要的指导意义。以MODIS归一化植被指数NDVI时间序列数据和多时相的Landsat TM数据为基础分析橡胶林的季相和光谱特征,确定橡胶识别的关键时期和特征参数,构建面向对象的决策树分类模型,开展橡胶信息提取研究。结果表明,多时相的遥感数据可反映橡胶的季相特征,以TM数据为基础计算得到的陆表水分指数LSWI和归一化植被指数NDVI可作为橡胶识别的光谱特征参数,橡胶休眠期是利用遥感方法进行橡胶提取的最佳时期。相比于单时相数据,利用包含橡胶关键物候期的多时相遥感数据能得到更高的橡胶林提取精度。