固相萃取掺氧空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水和植物样品中的痕量镓

目前研究萃取分离富集镓大多偏向在强酸性体系中,一定程度上给操作带来安全风险,另需耐酸器皿设备,易污染,空白背景值高。本文开发了一种在弱酸性条件下萃取分离富集痕量镓的方法。以大孔吸附树脂为载体,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵调节其表面极性,热固化负载2-乙基己基磷酸(2-乙基己基)酯,制备了镓的萃取树脂。动态考察了固相萃取镓的吸附容量,优化选择固相萃取分离富集条件,实验表明萃取条件温和,分离富集痕量镓效果理想。当溶液酸度为pH 2.5时,Ga(Ⅲ)达到最大的回收率99%,并确定了掺氧空气乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)测定镓的最佳参数,提升了常规空气乙炔FAAS测定镓的灵敏度。方法检出限(3σ)为2.6ng/mL,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=7)为2.87%,加标回收率在95.7%～102.0%之间,理论富集倍数为40。本方法已应用于自来水、中药材和水培蔬菜样品中痕量镓的测定,简便、快速、可靠。     

贺兰山古元古代花岗岩年代学及地球化学特征:对华北克拉通西部孔兹岩带形成和演化的制约

华北克拉通西部贺兰山地区基底岩石以古元古代孔兹岩系和S型花岗岩为主,该区的S型花岗岩是探索华北克拉通西部陆块孔兹岩带地质演化的关键研究对象之一。本文主要以贺兰山北部的片麻状含石榴黑云母花岗岩和似斑状石榴黑云母花岗岩为研究对象,通过详细的岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学、Hf同位素以及全岩地球化学等方法来讨论其岩石成因和地质意义。结果表明,片麻状含石榴黑云母花岗岩和似斑状石榴黑云母花岗岩侵位年龄分别为～2. 0Ga和～1. 97Ga,属于古元古代时期不同阶段岩浆作用的产物。片麻状含石榴黑云母花岗岩具有较低SiO_2(60. 88%～65. 42%),高Al_2O_3(16. 84%～19. 35%)、Fe_2O_3~T(5. 94%～6. 14%)、K_2O (3. 25%～5. 10%)、A/CNK (1. 75～2. 34)和Mg#(47～51),低Na_2O (1. 14%～2. 45%),以及较高的稀土元素含量(∑REE=262×10-6～290×10-6)和明显的Eu负异常(δEu=0. 30～0. 55)。似斑状石榴黑云母花岗岩具有高SiO_2(71. 93%～74. 98%)、K_2O (4. 58%～6. 98%)、Al_2O_3(13. 25%～14. 79%)和Na_2O (3. 13%～3. 94%),低Fe2OT3(0. 69%～1. 39%),A/CNK值为1. 08～1. 14,且具有相对较低的Mg#值(17～43)和稀土元素总量(∑REE=35. 3×10-6～127×10-6),Eu负异常和正异常(δEu=0. 07～3. 58),二者均属于过铝质S型花岗岩。贺兰山两期花岗岩明显富集大离子亲石元素(如Rb、U等),亏损高场强元素(如Nb、Ta等)。早期片麻状含榴黑云母花岗岩和晚期似斑状石榴黑云母花岗岩的εHf(t)值分别为-1. 1～+2. 6和-2. 1～+3. 8,对应的两阶段Hf同位素模式年龄(tDM2)分别为2. 45～2. 68Ga和2. 36～2. 73Ga,远大于其锆石的结晶年龄。此外,贺兰山花岗岩具有相对高的Al_2O_3/TiO_2和低的CaO/Na_2O、Rb/Sr、Rb/Ba比值,表明其原岩可能主要以变沉积岩为主。上述结果表明贺兰山地区古元古代S型花岗岩的岩浆起源于古老地壳变沉积岩物质,可能有少量新生地壳物质的加入。综合区域地质资料,本文研究认为贺兰山地区在古元古代晚期为活动大陆边缘的构造环境,片麻状含石榴黑云母花岗岩和似斑状石榴黑云母花岗岩分别形成于阴山地块和鄂尔多斯地块碰撞前和同碰撞的构造背景,表明这两个微陆块的碰撞时间可能要稍早于1. 95 Ga。     

华北克拉通南缘豫西下汤地区2.3 Ga岩浆作用和1.94 Ga变质作用

本文报道了华北克拉通南缘豫西鲁山下汤地区古元古代片麻状花岗岩和黑云角闪斜长片麻岩的全岩地球化学和锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成。岩石呈包体形式存在于中元古代花岗岩中。片麻状花岗岩具深熔特征,岩浆锆石年龄为2.30Ga;岩石高SiO2和K2O,低ΣFeO、MgO和CaO,具稀土总量较高(ΣREE=165.8×10-6)、轻重稀土分离较强[(La/Yb)n=37.8]及弱负铕异常(Eu/Eu*=0.76)的稀土模式;εNd(t)(t=2.30Ga)=-0.75;tDM(Nd)=2.66Ga。黑云角闪斜长片麻岩变质原岩为辉长闪长岩,捕获锆石年龄为2.25Ga;岩石低SiO2和MgO,高Al2O3和P2O5,具稀土总量高(ΣREE=373.4×10-6)、轻重稀土分离不强[(La/Yb)n=9.4]及较强负铕异常(Eu/Eu*=0.44)的稀土模式;εNd(t)(t=2.25Ga)=-1.21;tDM(Nd)=2.75Ga。片麻状花岗岩和黑云角闪斜长片麻岩都记录了1.94Ga变质锆石年龄。片麻状花岗岩的岩浆锆石组成域的εHf(t)(t=2.30Ga)=-6.71～0.38,tDM1(Hf)=2627～2910Ma,tDM2(CC)(Hf)=2823～3255Ma。黑云角闪斜长片麻岩的捕获锆石组成域的εHf(t)(t=2.25Ga)=-19.58～-1.73,tDM1(Hf)=2664～3360Ma,tDM2(CC)(Hf)=2968～4011Ma。结合前人资料,得出如下结论:华北克拉通南缘豫陕晋结合部地区存在一规模较大的约2.3Ga地质体分布区;华北克拉通南缘很可能存在规模巨大的>2.7Ga基底;中部造山带与孔兹岩带具有类似的古元古代晚期构造热事件演化历史。     

2.3 Ga Magmatism and 1.94 Ga Metamorphism in the Xiatang Area,Southern Margin of the North China Craton——Evidence from Whole-rock Geochemistry and Zircon Geochronology and Hf Isotope

本文报道了华北克拉通南缘豫西鲁山下汤地区古元古代片麻状花岗岩和黑云角闪斜长片麻岩的全岩地球化学和锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成.岩石呈包体形式存在于中元古代花岗岩中.片麻状花岗岩具深熔特征,岩浆锆石年龄为2.30 Ga;岩石高SiO2和K2O,低∑FeO、MgO和CaO,具稀土总量较高(∑REE=165.8×10-6)、轻重稀土分离较强[(La/Yb)n=37.8]及弱负铕异常(Eu/Eu(*)=0.76)的稀土模式;εNd(t)(t=2.30 Ga)=-0.75; tDM(Nd) =2.66 Ga.黑云角闪斜长片麻岩变质原岩为辉长闪长岩,捕获锆石年龄为2.25 Ga;岩石低SiO2 和MgO,高Al2O3和P2O5,具稀土总量高(∑REE=373.4×10-6)、轻重稀土分离不强[ (La/Yb)n=9.4]及较强负铕异常( Eu/Eu*=0.44)的稀土模式;εNd(t)(t=2.25 Ga)=-1.21;tDM(Nd) =2.75 Ga.片麻状花岗岩和黑云角闪斜长片麻岩都记录了1.94 Ga变质锆石年龄.片麻状花岗岩的岩浆锆石组成域的εHf(t)(t=2.30 Ga)=-6.71～0.38,tDMI(Hf) =2627 ～2910 Ma,tDM2(CC)(Hf)=2823 ～ 3255 Ma.黑云角闪斜长片麻岩的捕获锆石组成域的εHf(t)(t=2.25 Ga)=-19.58～ -1.73,tDM1 (Hf) =2664～3360 Ma,tDM2(CC)(Hf)=2968 ～4011 Ma.结合前人资料,得出如下结论:华北克拉通南缘豫陕晋结合部地区存在—规模较大的约2.3 Ga地质体分布区;华北克拉通南缘很可能存在规模巨大的＞2.7 Ga基底;中部造山带与孔兹岩带具有类似的古元古代晚期构造热事件演化历史.     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定铝土矿中镓——酸溶和碱熔预处理方法比较

研究了盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸酸溶和氢氧化钠碱熔两种测定铝土矿石样品中镓的前处理方法,利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)进行测定。对熔矿试剂及条件、分析谱线的选择和元素的干扰进行了讨论,采用不同含量的铝土矿石国家标准物质样品进行了条件实验。分析结果表明:采用盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸溶解样品,会导致铝土矿石样品溶解不完全,得到的数据失真;而采用氢氧化钠碱熔法处理铝土矿石样品后,用ICP-AES法测定,镓的测定值准确度高,方法检出限为0.15μg/g,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)为2.51%～5.97%,回收率为94.8%～108.2%。该方法灵敏度高,精密度好,分析时间短,易于流程操作。方法经国家一级标准物质分析验证,测定结果与标准值相符,特别适用于铝土矿石样品中镓的测定。     

鞍山地区铁架山花岗岩及表壳岩的锆石SHRIMP年代学和Hf同位素组成

辽宁鞍山中太古代铁架山花岗岩是华北克拉通时代最古老、分布范围最大的富钾质花岗岩。具相对高钾(4.77～5.75%)低钠(3.16～3.52%)、强烈负铕负钡异常(Eu/Eu*=0.40～0.51,Ba/Ba*=0.15～0.26)的组成特征,且高t_(DM)(Nd) (3.42～3.38Ga),低ε_(Nd)(t)(-3.61～-2.51)。花岗岩样品A9837和A0433岩浆锆石年龄分别为2992±10Ma和2983±10Ma。结合前人定年结果,可把铁架山花岗岩主体形成时代限制在2.96～2.99Ga之间。另一花岗岩样品A9825岩浆锆石年龄为2914±4Ma,可能代表了铁架山花岗岩形成后局部深熔作用的时代。首次在铁架山花岗岩中获得残余锆石年龄,其最大达3759Ma。2个花岗岩样品(A9837,A9825)岩浆锆石的t_(DM)(Hf)和ε_(Hf)(t)分别为3.48～3.32Ga和-7.85～-2.29.残余锆石的t_(DM)(Hf)和ε_(Hf)(t)分别为3.89～3.47Ga和-19.5～-6.2。这些资料为铁架山花岗岩形成于古老陆壳物质再循环提供了直接证据。存在于铁架山花岗岩中的表壳岩主要为变质沉积岩,其地球化学组成特征与铁架山花岗岩类似。3个变质沉积岩样品(A9819,A0435,A0436)的碎屑锆石年龄大都为～3.0Ga,其中2个样品(A0435,A0436)的碎屑锆石ε_(Hf)(t)和t_(DM)(Hf)分别为-9.93～-2.29和3672～3297Ma,与铁架山花岗岩中的岩浆锆石类似。表明这些变质沉积岩形成于铁架山花岗岩之后,而不是以前认为的那样为铁架山花岗岩中的包体。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定铝土矿样品中镓三种前处理方法的比较

采用四酸(盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸)溶矿、三酸(氢氟酸-硝酸-硫酸)溶矿及氢氧化钠碱熔法3种前处理方法对铝土矿样品进行分解,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定样品中的镓。结果表明,四酸溶矿法的分解产物中存在较多的不溶物,镓与盐酸生成GaCl3导致挥损,镓的测定结果严重偏低;三酸溶矿法的分解产物中也存在较多的不溶物,导致测定结果严重偏低;氢氧化钠碱熔法处理铝土矿样品,酸化后所得溶液清澈透明,由于大量NaCl的存在,镓不会挥损,测定值准确度高。采用氢氧化钠碱熔,盐酸酸化提取,ICP-AES法测定镓的准确度高,精密度好,方法检出限为3.21μg/g,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)小于5%。经国家一级和二级标准物质分析验证,测定结果与标准值基本一致。     

赣南地区石雷石英闪长岩的成因:岩石化学、副矿物微量元素、锆石U-Pb年代学与Sr-Nd-Hf同位素制约

石雷石英闪长岩是赣南崇-余-犹地区比较特殊的闪长质侵入体。锆石的原位U-Pb定年表明,该岩体侵位于433.5±3.4Ma。全岩主量元素特征上显示出中偏酸性(SiO2=56.92%～64.70%),富Al(Al2O3=14.10%～14.83%),富碱(Alk=6.41%～7.40%)特别是富钾(K2O=3.86%～4.85%),镁、铁含量较高,MgO:3.47%～5.95%,FeOT:5.23%～8.14%以及低磷(P2O5=0.27%～0.4%)的特点;微量元素上主要富集K、Rb、Cs等大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P等高场强元素。磷灰石微量元素特征上显示高度富集稀土元素特别是轻稀土元素的特征;具有Eu的负异常(δEu=0.37～0.45)。ISr位于0.7073～0.7132之间,εNd(t)变化于-8.41～-4.97之间,两阶段钕模式年龄介于1.58～1.86Ga之间,Hf同位素组成相对均一,εHf(t)主要集中变化于-8～-2之间,两阶段Hf模式年龄加权平均为1.77±0.09Ga,这些特征都暗示了该石英闪长质岩体的形成是强烈壳幔相互作用的产物,区内加里东晚期可能发生了局部的岩石圈的减薄。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法直接同时测定地球化学样品中镓铟铊

报道了用HF—HNO3—HClO4分解样品，以^103Rh为内标元素，采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法直接同时测定地球化学样品中痕量镓、铟、铊的方法。方法检出限(6s)Ga、In、Tl分别为0．059、0．002、0．004μg／g，方法精密度(RSD，n＝12)为2.6％—5.3％。用国家一级标准物质进行验证，测定结果与标准值吻合。     

南秦岭随州地区正长花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年代学与地球化学特征

随州北部正长花岗岩体呈岩脉出露,年代学研究表明,正长花岗岩中岩浆锆石SHRIMP U-Pb加权平均年龄为648.8±1.9Ma(MSWD=0.86),属新元古代。岩石地球化学成分显示其属于高钾钙碱性、准铝质系列花岗岩。岩体高硅(SiO_2=70.67%～75.75%)、富碱(K_2O+Na_2O=7.28%～8.53%)、铁镁比(FeO~T/MgO=26.37～35.50)较高、钙镁含量较低(CaO=0.60%～1.53%,MgO=0.07%～0.12%);稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾斜型,显示Eu负异常(δEu=0.33～0.56);1000Ga/Al值介于2.60～3.41,Zr+Nb+Ce+Y=552.48×10~(-6)～648.87×10~(-6);微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图显示,Rb、K和Th等大离子亲石元素明显富集,相对富集Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta等高场强元素,相对亏损Sr、P和Ti,以上特征表明随州北部正长花岗岩为A1型花岗岩。结合区域构造演化,认为随州北部正长花岗岩形成于板内伸展的构造环境,新元古代晚期,秦岭-桐柏-大别地区构造体制经历了重要的转变,在南秦岭东段由古秦岭洋的俯冲导致的挤压作用转换为弧后拉伸减薄作用。在伸展体制下,岩浆上涌形成本区A1型正长花岗岩。     

Control of disinfection by products formation potential by enhanced coagulation

Jar-test experiments were conducted to study enhanced coagulation effectiveness in removal of disinfection by products (DBPs) from Zayandehrud River at Isfahan Province-the center part of Iran-in 2004. In this study, the removal of suspended and colloidal particles and natural organic matter (NOM) at various coagulant doses and coagulation pHs was assessed through raw and treated water measurements of turbidity, UV₂₅₄ absorbance, TOC, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) was also determined by a mathematical relationship with TOC. Results indicated that NOM removal was a function of coagulant type, coagulant dose, and pH of coagulation. In general, TOC, DOC, and UV₂₅₄ absorbance removal enhanced with increasing coagulant dose. However, further increases in coagulant dosage had little effect on disinfection by-products precursors removal. Ferric chloride was consistently more effective than alum in removing NOM. Coagulation pH was appeared to be a determining factor for maximum NOM removal and the removal of DBPs precursors by enhanced coagulation was significantly enhanced at pH 5.5 in comparison with initial pH of water. Furthermore, it is specified that preadjustment of pH with sulfuric acid reduced the coagulant dosage and thus, production of sludge. The reduction in THMFP was consistent with the trends observed for DBPs precursors removal data (i.e. UV₂₅₄ and TOC data).     

用FPAS分析气势--以琼东南盆地为例

地层流体受两大流体系统的控制：压实流和重力流。利用流体势分析系统(简称FPAS)研究地下流体势及压力分布可克服井资料不系统的局限性，有效地进行油气资源的预测评价。由于琼东南盆地地质务件极其复杂，海洋油气勘探程度很低，勘探成本高，石油地质研究水平也比较低，分析认为区内有巨大的油气资源前景，但油气运移方向和路程均不清楚。用地下流体力场和势分析的方法可以统一处理和定量解释油气的运移和聚集规律，明确预测油气运移的主通道，确定有利的油气勘探靶区，显著提高钻探成功率。综合本区剖面、平面流体势及压力特征，结合其他有关地质资料，找出最有利的勘探目的层位。该方法在琼东南盆地松东地区的应用，取得了良好的效果。     

ICP—AES法分析辉锑矿

本文针对辉锑矿成分复杂、主元素Sb易水解、部分元素易挥发,酸不溶元素的存在以及元素之间的干扰等问题,拟定了酸溶和碱熔分解试样的分析流程。在酸溶系统中结合TBP萃淋树脂和巯基棉分离富集分组,ICP-AES法测定Fe、Ca、Mg、Cu、Mn、Pb、Zn、Co、Ni、Au、Ag、In、Tl、Cd、Bi、Ga、Mo、Se、Te、As等20个元素。碱熔系统不分离主元素,用校正因素校正元素间光谱干扰并采用内标法ICP-AES测定Al、Ti、V、Ba、Sr、Sn、Sc、Cr、Be、Si和Sb等11个元素。试样验证表明,方法可行。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱分析商代原始瓷样

采用Ｌｉ２ＣＯ３－Ｈ３ＢＯ３熔融和ＨＦ－ＨＮＯ３－ＨＣｌＯ４酸分解样品,电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定古陶瓷样品中１８种主,次量元素,讨论了前处理过程中的一些问题,并造反了最佳实验条件。方法经国家一级标准物质验证,测定结果与标准值吻合,大多数元素的ＲＳＤ（ｎ＝１０）〈５％。     

A Practical Procedure for the Measurement of Fragmentation by Blasting by Image Analysis

Summary. The operation of a digital image analysis system in a limestone quarry is described. The calibration of the system, required in order to obtain moderately reliable fragmentation values, is done from muckpile sieving data by tuning the image analysis software settings so that the fragmentation curve obtained matches as close as possible the sieving. The sieving data have also been used to extend the fragment size distribution curves measured to sizes below the system’s optical resolution and to process the results in terms of fragmented rock, discounting the material coming from a loose overburden (natural fines) that is cast together with the fragmented rock. Automatic and manual operation modes of the image analysis are compared. The total fragmentation of a blast is obtained from the analysis of twenty photographs; a criterion for the elimination of outlier photographs has been adopted using a robust statistic. The limitations of the measurement system due to sampling, image processing and fines corrections are discussed and the errors estimated whenever possible. An analysis of consistency of the results based on the known amount of natural fines is made. Blasts with large differences in the amount of fines require a differentiated treatment, as the fine sizes tend to be the more underestimated in the image analysis as they become more abundant; this has been accomplished by means of a variable fines adjustment factor. Despite of the unavoidable errors and the large dispersion always associated with large-scale rock blasting data, the system is sensitive to relative changes in fragmentation.     

Adsorption of aluminium by a latosol as affected by phosphate and glutamic acid

The effect of phosphate and glutamic acid on adsorption of aluminium onto a latosol was investigated as a function of pH and ligand concentrations through batch equilibrium experiments. The results showed that adsorption of aluminium by the soil was enhanced after addition of phosphate at low pH, and this promotive effect was gradually eliminated with the increase in pH. The positive effect of phosphate on aluminium adsorption onto latosol was attributed to phosphate-induced surface negative charge and formation of ternary surface complexes involving aluminium and phosphate. While using silica as adsorbent, the inactive surfaces for phosphate, promotion of adsorption of aluminium by phosphate was also found. Then it was proposed that additional aluminium might bind to the phosphate adsorbed onto the silica in the form of surface complexes silica–aluminium–phosphate again, and the mechanism might operate in the soil systems as well. Glutamic acid exhibited no influence on the adsorption of aluminium by the soil at low pH. After increasing the pH, adsorption of aluminium was inhibited especially with the highest addition of glutamic acid, probably owing to weak affinity of complexes between glutamic acid and aluminium to the soil.     

用NMR法验证在冻土中TDR标定曲线的可靠性

TDR技术是一种较新的测定冻土中未冻水含量的方法, 它有很多优点, 但是由于TDR技术应用于冻土中测定未冻水含量起步较晚, 其可靠性有待于进一步验证. NMR技术是一种较成熟的测定冻土中未冻水含量的方法. 通过应用NMR和TDR两种方法对不同初始含水率下的棕壤土冻融特征曲线的测定, 对TDR法的标定曲线的可靠性进行了验证. 结果表明: 采用TDR法与NMR法测得的冻融特征曲线明显不同, 在相同负温下前者的测定值高于后者, 且其差异随初始含水率增高而加大; NMR法的测定结果表明, 初始含水率对冻融特征曲线的影响很小; 而TDR法的测定结果表明, 由TDR法测得的冻融特征曲线, 受初始含水率影响很大, 随初始含水率的升高而明显加大. 这表明含冰率和温度对冻土的介电常数影响很大, 因此, 采用TDR法测定冻土的未冻水含量时不宜采用原有的标定曲线.     

氢气还原富铁矿石制备零价铁富集磷

以褐铁矿、菱铁矿、赤铁矿和磁铁矿为原料,在600 ℃下氢气焙烧制备零价铁(ZVI).采用X射线衍射仪、X射线荧光光谱仪、比表面积和孔结构分析仪、扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱、红外光谱表征了富铁矿石矿物组成及制备产物ZVI的形貌、比表面积和孔结构特征,考察了接触时间、初始磷浓度和pH值对磷富集的影响,并分析了pH值为3和5时,富铁矿石中Pb(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Hg(Ⅱ)的释放情况,探讨了零价铁对磷的富集性能及作用机制.结果 表明,磁铁矿制备的ZVI中铁含量较高(Fe2O387.4％)、杂质较少、拥有大量的微纳米孔隙且矿石原样在15天内未检出Pb(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Hg(Ⅱ)的释放,磁铁矿制备的ZVI表现出最好的磷富集效果,w(P)可达13.45 mg/g.使用NaOH (2.2 mol/L)溶液可以回收ZVI富集的磷,回收率可达到99.9％.表面络合、静电吸附和Fe氧化产生的Fe(Ⅱ)/Fe(Ⅲ)对磷的共沉淀作用是ZVI富集磷的主要机制.研究结果有助于推动富铁矿石的综合利用及其在磷的深度处理或磷资源循环利用方面的应用.     

Uptake of fluoride by serpentine

Fluoride uptake by serpentine depends on a number of parameters, viz. the chemical composition of serpentine, its particle size, pH of the medium, etc. Exchangeable (OH)^? in serpentine minerals is essential for fluoride uptake. Data are also presented indicating the existence of an equilibrium between the fluoride concentrations in the solution and that taken up by serpentine over a wide range of experimental conditions. The available evidence strongly suggests the proxy of F^? for (OH)^? group as contributing to the principal mechanism of the process.     

Biomineralization of platinum by microorganisms

The mechanism of platinum biomineralization by microscopic fungi is displayed based on data of electron microscopy, infrared and X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy. It was suggested the platinum sorption process by microscopic fungi has some stages. The initial interaction is carried out by the mechanisms of physical and chemical sorption. Hereafter the reduction process of adsorbed platinum ions up to zero state is performed, probably, for account of organic compounds, which are produced by fungi biomass as metabolism result, and the process terminates by nulvalent particles aggregating up to nanosize forms. Obtained data on the platinum biomineralization extends the concept concerning the character of forming platinum nanoparticles in carbonous paleobasin.