新矿物—西盟石

西盟石产于云南省西盟锡矿区,为低温热液交代产物,与磷铝铋石等共生。西盟石呈无色土状、变胶状、不规则粒状集合体,六方晶系,一轴晶正光性,N>1.78,H_v=279-283kg/cm~2,D_c=5.534g/cm~3(干晶体),电子束下发黄绿色荧光。经电子探针定量分析,西盟石成分为:Bi_2O_376.34％,P_2O_522.92％。计算的化学式为:Bi_(1.01)P_(0.99)O_4,简化为BiPO_4。西盟石的X射线衍射分析较强线为:6.052(100)(73),4.420(101)(91),3.493(110)(88),3.024(200)(100),2.854(102)(65)。计算的晶胞参数为:a=6.9860A(16),c=6.4753A(28),V=273.68A~3Z=3,空间群为P3_121。文中还与人工合成的西盟石作了某些对比。     

凤成石:异性石族矿物N(5)位贫钠的空位类似物新种

作为异性石族矿物新种凤成石是首个该族已知成员中N(5)位贫Na且以空位居优的类似物,其理想化学式为:Na_(12)□_3Ca_6(Fe~(3+),□)_3Zr_3Si(Si_(25)O_(73))(H_2O)_3(OH)_2。它发现于我国东北辽宁省凤城市赛马钠质碱性正长岩内,多呈它形-半自形晶产出,单个晶体粒径1~7mm,最大粒径者>1.5cm。与之共生的矿物有微斜长石、正长石、钠长石、霞石和钠角闪石亚族矿物、霓石、榍石和闪叶石族矿物、"贫钠的层硅钛铈矿"("Napoor rinkite")、钛铌钙铈矿、钠锆石、锆石、铁金云母、氟磷灰石、富稀土的羟硅磷灰石和何作霖矿等。矿物为半透明-透明,玻璃光泽,条痕白色,性脆,摩氏硬度约5,偶见不完全解理和裂开,一轴晶正光性。N_e=1.607,N_o=1.603。凤成石属三方晶系,具R3m空间群;a=1.42467(6)nm,c=3.00330(2)nm,V=5.27908(50)nm~3,Z=3。6条强粉晶衍射线[面网间距(衍射强度)(指标化)]是:0.7186(55)(110),0.5761(44)(113),0.4187(53)(123),0.3201(47)(028),0.2978(61)(135)和0.2857(100)(044)。16点矿物成分的电子探针等分析均值为:Na_2O 11.64%,K_2O 0.52%,CaO 8.96%,MgO 0.07%,SrO_3.53%,BaO 0.02%,MnO0.10%,FeO 0.69%,Mn_2O_30.92%,Fe_2O_35.98%,La_2O_30.12%,Ce_2O_30.23%,Nd_2O_30.13%,Sc_2O_30.01%,TiO_20.38%,ZrO_211.72%,Nb_2O_50.23%,SiO_251.73%,Cl 1.13%,H_2O 2.09%,O≡Cl-0.26%,总量100.14%。根据晶体结构精测和(O+OH+F+Cl)=78计算的矿物经验化学式:[(Na_(3.00)Na_(3.00))Σ_(6.00)(Na_(5.28)K_(0.33)□_(0.39))]_(12.00)□_(2.71)Sr_(0.20)REE_(0.09))_(3.00)Ca_(4.80)Sr_(0.82)Fe_(0.29)~(2+)Mg_(0.05)Mn_(0.04)~(2+))_(6.00)(Fe_(2.25)~(3+)Mn_(0.35)~(3+)Cr_(0.08)□_(0.32))_(3.00)(Zr_(2.86)Ti_(0.09)Nb_(0.05))_(3.00)(Si_(0.87)Ti_(0.05)□_(0.08))_(1.00)Si_(1.00)(Si_(24.00)O_(72.00))[(H_2O)_(2.93)O_(1.00)(OH)_(0.07)]_(3.00)[(OH)_(1.04)Cl_(0.96_]_(2.00)。矿物实测密度2.93g/cm~3;计算密度2.88g/cm~3。基于野外和室内研究,借鉴有关合成异性石族矿物的实验资料,凤成石由一类富REE、U、Th、Zr、和挥发分的钠质碱性正长岩岩浆直接结晶而成。     

浙江昌化含钨铍石英脉中富Fe~(2 )的白云母

白云母的富铁变种已知有两个:铁白云母(Fonimuscouit)和铁硅白云母(Feniphonght)铁白云母为富含Fe~(3 )的白云母,结晶化学式为KAlFe~(3 )(AlSi_3O_10)(OH)2、铁硅白云母为富含铁的多硅白云母结晶化学式为KAl(Fe~(3 ),Fe(2 ),Mg)(Al_3Si_3O_19)。我们于1981年在浙江昌化含钨被石英脉晶     

火山岩中莫来石的发现

莫来铁尖晶岩中的莫来石是首次发现的一种火山岩型莫来石。在全岩X射线粉晶衍射图上莫来石的d值(nm)为:0.5378(5),0.3428(9),0.3385(10),0.2693 (4),0.2545(5),0.2295 (2),0.1601 (2),0.1542 (4),0.1443 (2)。电子探针分析结果,莫来石的成分(%)为:SiO_2 28.96,TiO_2 0.53,Al_2O_3 67.13,FeO 3.06,MnO 0.05.MgO 0.02,Na_2O 0.21,K_2O 0.02,Cr_2O_3 0.05, NiO 0.02。这种莫来石是从玄武岩浆演化后期产生的富Al_2O_3、FeO(Fe_2O_3)和贫SiO_2的莫来铁尖晶岩浆中直接结晶而成的。     

新矿物—赤路矿的发现和研究

赤路矿(chiluite),是一种含铋、碲、钼、氧的新矿物,化学分子式是Bi_6Te_2Mo_2O_(21)。 赤路矿产在辉铋矿石英脉中,与硫碲铋矿、辉钼矿、钼铋矿共生,常呈羽毛状或不规则粒状,有时可见六边形晶体,粒度一般<30μm,反光显微镜下呈灰色,弱非均质,反射率560nm,R′g 18.10％,R′p 17.15％,透射光下褐色,一轴晶负光性,折光率ω=2.4,ε=2.3,硬度3.2,比重3.65。X射线粉晶分析,赤路矿属六方晶系,主要线条:d_(meas)A(I)(hkl)是3.300(10)(004),3.050(9)(104),2.510(5)(105),2.060(5)(312),1.655(5)(008)。电子探针分析结果,Bi61.66,Te11.19,Mo10.29,O16.06。 在400-900℃条件下合成了赤路矿的同质多象晶体,并进行了红外光谱,差热分析及电子能谱测定元素价态等研究工作。     

河北青龙的氯黄晶研究

氯黄晶产于次生石英岩中,共生矿物有:石英、叶腊石、绿帘石、黄铁矿、一水铝石等。该矿物无色透明,无解理,晶形为四面体、立方体和八面体,常见聚形。矿物粒径多小于0.05mm。D=2.88±0.05,N=1.584±0.002。不溶于氢氟酸。氯黄晶的电子探针分析结果(%):SiO_2 24.21,Al_2O_3 55.22,MgO 0.06,Na_2O 0.04,CaO0.01,TiO_2 0.01,MnO 0.01,Cr_2O_3 0.02。阴离子组分化学分析结果(%):CO_2 0.21,H_2O~+10.38,F 6.89,Cl 2.65。矿物化学式为:Al_(13)Si_5O_(20)[(OH)_(14)F_4]Cl。矿物粉晶X射线衍射主要特征线条为:7.985(53)(111),4.185(65)(311),4.008(67)(222),3.182(18)(331),2.83(32)(422),2.673(100)双线(333,511),2.115(20)(533),2.003(29)(444).1.806(22)双线(731,553)。1.635(29)双线(660,822)。氯黄晶红外吸收谱带(4000—2000cm~(-1))主要是OH的伸缩振动,(1200—200cm~(-1))为四次配位的Al—O、Si—O的伸缩振动和弯曲振动以及6次配位的Al—O的振动。     

湖南首次发现累托石

累托石发现于辰溪县西北部一个水晶矿床的泥质物中。呈白色板状或片状,镜下呈纤维状。油脂光泽,比重2.25。SiO_2和Al_2O_3的含量分别为50.78％和33.69％,F_2O_3、FeO、MgO、K_2O、Na_2O、CaO、MnO和P_2O_5的总含量为4.91％。化学式为(Na_(0.415),Fe,K_(0.025),Mg_(0.018),Ca_(0.015))_(0.519)(H_3O)~+{Al_2[Al_(0.582)Si_(3.418)O_(10)](OH)_2}·3H_2O。     

湖南首次发现的辉沸石研究

辉沸石在我省是首次发现。产于桂阳锡坑岭斑状二长花岗岩和二迭系上统大隆组(P_2d)硅质岩接触的构造破碎带中部,呈脉状产出。共生矿物石英。矿物呈白色、黄色或微红色。形状为薄板状、片状半自形或自形晶。颗粒大小为0.2—20mm。玻璃光泽。硬度为3.5—4。比重为2.18。二轴晶负光性。2V=42°。Ng:1.499,Np:1.492,Ng-Np=0.007。化学全分析结果(％):SiO_2 60.06,Al_2O_3 14.35,TiO_20.01,Fe_2O_3 0.27,FeO 0.13,MgO 0.01,CaO 7.89,Na_2O 0.08,K_2O 0.1,P_2O_50.01,H_2O 17.64,总和100.55。化学式为Ca[Al_2Si_7O_(18)]·7H_2O。最强的粉晶X射线衍射线是9.211(100),4.678(70),4.047(100),3.043(50)。     

YAIG:Mn~(2+)的零场分裂计算

考虑到Mn~(2+)在钇铝榴石Y_3Al_5Si_3O_(12)(YA1G)中占据三种不同的晶位,本文推导出D_(2d)、D_(3d)和D_2低对称晶场下3d~5离子零场分裂常数D值和E值的四阶微扰公式。我们把该公式应用于YA1G:Mn~(2+)的D值和E值的计算,结果与实验值较为接近。     

斜方氯砷铅矿在我国的首次发现

本文的斜方氯砷铅矿呈粗叶片状或粒状集合体产出。颜色绿黄到浅黄;解理面玻璃光泽,断口面油脂光泽;粉末淡黄白色;半透明。Hv=95.6kg/mm~2,摩氏硬度3.2。近于完全的(011)解理。比重7.1417(比重瓶法),7.36(计算值)。二轴晶、负光性,光轴角 2V=35—40°;双折射率低。化学分析结果:PbO80.21,CaO0.05,MgO0.007,(Fe,Mn)O0.601,ZnO0.01As_2O_3 12.28,Sb_2O_3 0.048,P_2O_3 0.039,Cl8.05,总和99.45。计算的化学式为(Pb_(5.92)Fe_(0.14)~(2 )Ca_(0.01))_(6.07)As_(2.03)O_(7.09)Cl_(3.91)。晶胞参数α=10.7936,b=10.7663,c=25.5601;Z=8。粉末衍射最强线为3.65(7),3.19(5),2.845(10),2.699(7),2.06(5),1.641(4),1.585(5)。红外光谱图包括388—605和700—842cm~(-1)两个主要吸收带和255—323cm~(-1)一个次要吸收带。     

未定名矿物(Bi38CrO60)的矿物学研究

人工合成立方晶体Bi38CrO60在自然界首次发现于中国陕西省洛南县驾鹿金矿床中,暂称之为未定名矿物.其共生和伴生矿物有黄铁矿、自然金、碲金矿、含氧金矿物等.常呈不规则粒状集合体,偶见立方体微晶(粒径小于0.05 mm),棕黑色,金属光泽;HV=232.78 kg/mm2 ,HM=4.15;D=14.10(3)g/cm3,Dx=14.08(2)g/cm3,n=3.14(3).EPM8100探针分析Bi2O3为98.854%、CrO3为1.111%,合计99.965%,化学式为Bi38.009Cr0.995O60;CAMEBAX-SX51探针分析Bi2O3为98.862%,CrO3为1.112%,合计99.974%,化学式为Bi38.008Cr0.996O60.均可写为Bi38CrO60.X射线粉晶分析主要强度线d(I)(hkl)分别为0.321 5(100),(310);0.272 11(72),(321);0.171 45(40),(530);0.169 6(30),(600);0.165 1(30),(611);0.160 8(30),(620);0.294 11(25),(222);0.359 6(22),(220);0.217 1(20),(332);0.150 3(20),(631),等轴晶系,可能的空间群为Im3m;a=1.018 1(1)nm,c/a=1,晶胞体积v=1.055 29(1)nm3,z=1.1-Kp/Kc=0.019.Cr6 ,Bi3 ,O2-.未定名矿物和人工晶体的化学成分与X射线粉晶数据基本一致.     

砷铝铁石的发现及其初步研究

1986年,在广西德保铜锡矿床氧化带铁帽中发现有砷铝铁石,针柱状晶呈晶簇状产出。鲜红色至褐红色,硬度HM＝3．5,DX＝5．34,折光率大于2。五个颗粒电子探针分析平均化学成分（％）为Fe2O320．77．PbO38．29,As2O5;36．64．CaO0．24．Al2O30．43,SiO20．30,H2O＋末分析（以2．85％计）计算出分子式：Pb1.11Fe1.69Al0.05Ca0.03[（AsO4）2．07（SiO4）0.03]2.10（OH）2.05,粉晶X射线分析主要衍射线（nm）有：0．324（10）（202）,0．295（8）（15）,0.305（7）（40）,0256（7）（242）,0.458（6）（211）,0．418（5）（131）,0．356（5）（311）,0.273（5）（251）,斜方晶系．计算出晶胞参数a＝1．2281nm,b＝1．6657nm,c＝0．7663nm,Z＝8。红外吸收光谱分析显示有波数为3448,3405,1638,1082,864,808,758,459（cm-1）等吸收带。     

台湾中西部沉积盆地三维密度结构及其重力异常

台湾中西部沉积盆地是台湾省海陆油气勘探的重点区域。本文利用石油钻井资料和重力观测数据,依据Kriging插值及台湾中国石油公司深度-密度经验公式,计算了该地区沉积地层三维密度及剩余密度结构,并依据三维有限元解泊松方程方法,通过求解重力位计算出三维剩余密度体产生的剩余重力异常。密度结构显示,在0~6km深度范围,自更新统到先中新统的沉积地层大致分为2.0~2.30g/cm3、2.30~2.45g/cm3、2.45~2.60g/cm3、2.60~2.70g/cm3等4个密度层。其中,台中盆地陆缘区中下部2~4km深度存在较大沉积凹陷,凹陷区密度比周围低0.05~0.10g/cm3.重力计算结果表明,本区沉积地层产生的剩余重力异常在-20~+15mGal之间,深部凹陷对应负异常低值圈闭,其形态和量值与实测重力异常一致。      

Raman Micro-Spectroscopic Study of Sulfate Ion in the System Na2SO4 – H2O

This work aims to quantify sulfate ion concentrations in the system Na₂SO₄-H₂O using Raman micro-spectroscopy.Raman spectra of sodium sulfate solutions with known concentrations were collected at ambient temperature（293 K） and in the 500 cm^₁-4000 cm^-1 spectral region.The results indicate that the intensity of the SO₄^2- band increases with increasing concentrations of sulfate ion.A linear correlation was found between the concentration of SO₄^2-（c） and parameter I₁,which represents the ratio of the area of the SO₄^2- band to that of the O-H stretching band of water（A_s/A_w）:I₁=-0.00102+0.01538 c.Furthermore,we deconvoluted the O-H stretching band of water(2800 cm^-1-3800 cm^-1) at 3232 and 3430 cm^-1 into two sub-Gaussian bands,and then defined Raman intensity of the two sub-bands as A_Bi(3232 cm^-1) and A_B2(3430 cm^-1),defined the full width of half maximum（FWHM） of the two sub-bands as W_B1(3232 cm^-1) and W_B2(3430 cm^-1).A linear correlation between the concentration of SO₄^2-（c） and parameter I₂,which represents the ratio of Raman intensity of SO₄^2-（A_s）(in 981 cm^-1) to(A_B1+A_B2),was also established:I₂=-0.0111+0.3653 c.However,no correlations were found between concentration of SO₄^2-（c） and FWHM ratios,which includes the ratio of FWHM of SO₄^2-（W_s） to W_B1 W_B2 and W_B1+B2(the sum of W_B1 and W_B2),suggesting that FWHM is not suitable for quantitative studies of sulfate solutions with Raman spectroscopy.A comparison of Raman spectroscopic studies of mixed Na₂SO₄ and NaCI solutions with a constant SO₄^2- concentration and variable CI^- concentrations suggest that the I\ parameter is affected by CI^-,whereas the I₂ parameter was not.Therefore,even if the solution is not purely Na₂SO₄-H₂O,SO₄^2- concentrations can still be calculated from the Raman spectra if the H₂O band is deconvoluted into two sub-bands,making this method potentially applicable to analysis of natural fluid inclusions.     

A Study of Mesoproterozoic Iron Cosmic Micro-spherules from 1.8 Ga and 1.6 Ga Old Strata in the Ming Tombs District, Beijing

Numerous iron cosmic micro-spherules have been discovered from Mesoproterozoic strata including the Changzhougou Formation(1.8 Ga) and the Dahongyu Formation(1.6 Ga) of the Ming Tombs district,Beijing.There are 1 to 30 grains of cosmic spherules per 2 kg of a sandstone sample taken from the bottom of a coarse sandstone bed of the Changzhougou Formation and 56 grains per 3.69 kg of a rock sample from silicified carbonate rocks of the Dahongyu Formation.The surface textures of cosmic spherules analyzed by means of the secondary electron imagery are identical with those reported from references either domestic or abroad.So far the geo-ages of 1.8 Ga and 1.6 Ga of cosmic spherules from the Changzhougou and Dahongyu formations might be older than those reported in the world.Table 1 gives the electron probe analysis data of cosmic spherules for 30 spherule grains and 44 testing points as follows(%):FeO,80-95;Cr_2O_3;0-9.56;NiO,0-0.78;CoO,0-0.46; indicating that the Cr_2O_3 content is higher and FeO content lower in the Changzhougou Formation than in the Dahongyu Formation.The helium isotopic data of cosmic spherules as well as their host rocks vary greatly between the Changzhougou and the Dahongyu formations as shown in Table 2.The data of cosmic spherules of the Changzhougou Formation vs the Dahongyu Formation are 57.5/1.23 in ~3He/~4He(10~(-8));and 55.54/809.60 in ~4He(10~(-6)cm~3STP/g);those of coarse sandstone of the Changzhougou Formation vs silicified carbonate of the Dahongyu Formation are 3.39/2.59 in ~3He/~4He(10~(-8)) and 4.56/2.34 in ~3He(10~(-6)cm~3STP/g).The ratio of analytic data of helium isotopes are different for cosmic spherules and their host rocks;for example,the ~3He/~4He(10~(-8)) values are 16.96 and 0.48,and the ~4He (10~(-6)cm~3STP/g) are 12.18 and 345.98 for the Changzhougou and Dahongyu formations respectively.It was reported that the world's oldest micrometeorites had been found in the Meso-Proterozoic Satakunta Formation,Finland.However,the cosmic spherules from the Meso-Proterozoic Changzhougou and Dahongyu formations are 200 to 400 Ma older than those from the Satakunta Formation.Besides,one carbonaceous chondrite grain was discovered for the first time as the earliest remain formed in the solar nebula from the Dahongyu Formation.     

太阳原始星云原子团簇的初步研究

选用Ａｌｌｅｎｄｅ和宁强两块ＣＶ３陨石，在分子团簇串级飞行时间质谱装置上。用激光溅射模拟太阳原始星云在高能环境下的Ｓｉ－０，Ｆｅ－０和Ｍｇ－０原子团簇的形成和分布，对模拟过程所产上的原子团簇系列的结构和稳定性，以及可能的天体化学意义进行了初步探讨。     

一种未定名的硫盐矿物——Pb_6Bi_7(Cu,Ag)S_(17)

在河北省涞源的铜铁矿床中,发现了一种未定名的Pb-Bi-Cu的硫盐矿物,它以不规则粒状产于黄铜矿之中,与它共生的有方铅矿、闪锌矿、碲银矿、硫银铋矿和自然银等。该矿物是铅灰色,金属光泽,直径0.003—0.72mm,在显微镜下呈白色微蓝,双反射弱,非均质性明显,H_v=119.75kg/mm~2(50g),D_x=7.04g/cm~3。六个颗粒的平均化学成分值是Pb 36.51,Bi 44.80,S 15.35,Cu 1.82,Ag 1.54,Cr0.105,总计100.135。理论化学式为Pb_6Bi_7(Cu,Ag)S_(17),其中Cu>Ag。X射线衍射的强线值:3.428(10,012),3.059(4.140),2.996(9,041),2.765(5,207),2.247(4,250),2.023(3,133);晶胞参数a=8.811,b=13.060,c=7.106,~(?)_(?)V=817.699~3。Z=1,斜方晶系。     

新矿物——汉江石

新矿物汉江石的理想分子式为Ba2CaV23＋[（Si3AlO10）（OH）2]F（CO3）2。矿物呈黄绿色、深绿色,显微镜下呈浅绿色、淡绿色;单斜晶系,空间群为C2,a=0.52050（12）nm,b=0.9033（2）nm,c=3.2077（8）nm,β=93.49（8）°,V=1.5054（8）nm3,Z=4;二轴晶,正延性,负光性,一组完全解理,干涉色为三级绿,多色性明显,浅绿色-黄绿-深绿色;折射率α=1.615,β=1.655,γ=1.700（589 nm）,2Vobs=114°～115°,2Vcalc=88.8°;显微硬度平均值203 kg/mm2,相当于莫氏硬度4;实测密度平均3.69 g/cm3,计算密度3.78 g/cm3。X射线粉晶衍射的强谱线有1.5866 nm（7）（002）、0.5340 nm（91）（006）、0.4010 nm（10）（ī14）、0.3209 nm（23）（027）、0.2676 nm（100）（ī110）、0.2294 nm（29）（ī37）和0.2008 nm（11）（228）。汉江石的晶体结构由硅酸盐结构单元TOT（二八面体型）和碳酸盐结构单元Ba2Ca（CO3）2F交替组成,可能有3个多型,即1M型,2M型和3T型。     

应用GF矩阵法研究方解石的正则振动

本文应用Wilson提出的GF矩阵法对方解石进行了正则振动分析。在Urey-Bra-dley简化力场条件下,作了E类振动的拟合计算,获得的力常数和计算频率分别为:K=5.40,H=0.38,F=1.83(md/A和v_3=1420,v_4=707(cm~(-1))。根据归一化位能分布,从理论上把v_3和v_4分别归属于键伸缩振动和弯曲振动。     

沉积岩中一种藻类色素的初步研究

一、前言笔者在分析我国某一盆地的一个钻井剖面的样品中;以及在第三纪、三叠纪、二叠纪、奥陶纪、寒武纪和震旦纪碳酸盐岩和其它地层中,发现了一种新的有机色素。它主要存在于含氧、氮和硫的非烃馏分中。纯化合物呈橙红色。在硅胶薄板上很稳定,长期暴露于空气中其颜色仍清晰不变,是普遍存在于天然地质样品中的一种色素物质,在石油勘探上有着实际和理论意义。因此,引起笔者的注意。对它进行了多种测试和研究。