论组合法滤波的数学物理概念

本文以傅里叶变换为基础,用类似数学滤波中的数学分析方法,比较系统地研究了组合法滤波的数学物理概念及方法的内在规律。可以把方向特性函数P（ω）看作是一种周期“波动”函数,而组合的加权分布函数h（x）则是其离散“频谱”。因此可以引用符合于频谱分析的物理概念来研究反演问题。可以看出,组合滤波的加权分布函数及方向特性分别相当于数学滤波中的滤波因子及频率响应;而数字滤波的移门法等又可以引伸到构成组合法带通滤波中去。二者在数学上有其共性,可以互相引用,在物理上又有各自的特殊性。研究结果给组合法以比较全面的认识,扩大了组合法应用的功能。     

ANALYSIS OF DIFFRACTION PATTERN FILTERING OF VARIABLY DENSITY AND VARIABLY AREA RECORDINGS

When a small, transparent replica of a seismic section is illuminated by a homogeneous beam of coherent, monochromatic parallel light a diffraction pattern is created that is representation of the double Fourier spectrum of the recorded seismic waves, i.e. their spectrum in terms of frequency, f, and apparent wave number, k. Masking selected parts of this diffraction pattern causes the spectrum to be filtered: the recomposition of the filtered spectrum then provides a filtered section. The ideal seismic section for this purpose would be a continuous variable density section obtained from recording made at every point of the seismic line. The light transmission coefficient (in terms of light amplitude) at each spot of the replica should be linearly related to the instantaneous seismic signal strength at the spot on the seismic section to which it refers. Unfortunately we cannot make recordings at every point of a seismic line and in our practically realisable recordings we have to be content with sampling in the direction of the location coordinate x. This means that with variable density recordings aliasing will be present and evident in the spectrum obtained in the direction of k; furthermore, the aliased spectrum is also multiplied by a sine function of k because the recording obtained at a given station is not presented on the seismic section as a single line along the time axis, but occupies the entire width of the trace. The diffraction patterns created by variable density recordings of dipping sine waves, including clipped recordings, and of the effect of dip filtering in such sections are discussed. The efficiency of dip rejection is shown to decrease with increasing dip. The diffraction pattern of a variable density recording is found to be characterised by a relationship between point pairs in the pattern. No such simple relationship has been found for the diffraction pattern of a variable area section; the spectra of such VAR sections belong to a very special class, because the amplitude transmission coefficient has only two values, viz. 0 and 1. Consequently, selective masking of the diffraction pattern of a VAR section may give rise to a filtered profile that does not look like a VAR section at all. General statements about the diffraction pattern of VAR sections are hard to give, because the transmission coefficient at a given point in the replica is not proportional to the signal level in the seismic section at the relevant point. In the case of VAR presentation of harmonic waves it was found that, as well as the aliasing effect in the k direction, higher harmonics of the frequency are also introduced. Some synthetic examples are given that show dip filtering to be less effective with VAR than with variable density recordings. Some arguments are advanced in favour of the opinion that high-pass filtering of VAR sections will have less success than low-pass filtering. This is demonstrated by two synthetic examples.     

扇形边界附近太阻风粘性的数学描写和物理效应

本文首先指出经典粘性理论应适用于扇形边界低速风,接着论证了常用太阳风粘性数学表式的不正确性,导出了螺旋磁场中径向球对称强磁化等离子体流动的各种经典粘性表式,并证明了这些公式的合理性;最后讨论了常用太阳风经典粘性表式出错原因,估计了具有正确粘性公式的扇形边界低速太阳风粘性模式应有的结果。     

扇形边界附近太阻风粘性的数学描写和物理效应

本文首先指出经典粘性理论应适用于扇形边界低速风,接着论证了常用太阳风粘性数学表式的不正确性,导出了螺旋磁场中径向球对称强磁化等离子体流动的各种经典粘性表式,并证明了这些公式的合理性;最后讨论了常用太阳风经典粘性表式出错原因,估计了具有正确粘性公式的扇形边界低速太阳风粘性模式应有的结果。     

布格异常及均衡异常物理意义的探讨

布格异常及均衡异常物理意义的探讨１前言一百多年来布格重力异常及均衡重力异常的概念与物理意义的认识在不断深化，今天继续深入研究它们的物理意义，对于探讨地壳运动及地震发生的根本原因，仍然有着很重要的现实意义与科学价值。２布格重力异常的客观性众所周知，地球...     

地震活动数学建模的物理含义及等价动力学过程

在对时序数学模型进行较为系统地研究的基础上，本文探索将离散数学模型转换为连续动力微分方程，实现由实测数据反演动力微分方程。本文介绍了模型转换的原理、具体计算方法，探讨了方程的物理含义及所反映的动力学过程，并给出了计算实例。     

中国大陆微破裂过程和应力图案的变化

本文通过对我国大陆东经97°以东地区,1972—1978年发生的17,000多次M≥2.0地震的活动率(d值)和震级-频度关系(b值)的时空扫描,研究了我国大陆的微破裂过程及其与大地震的关系,并认为区域性的b值扫描图在很大程度上反映了区域应力图案的变化     

华北地区地震迁移规律的数学模拟

本文描述了一个解时空反演问题的方法.通过把华北地区看成是由24条主要断裂带组成的地质构造骨架,在15公里深处按照平面应变的理想塑性体处理,用有限单元方法计算了本地区在均匀边界外力作用下发生地震危险的地带.然后用逐次降低断层内摩擦系数的办法,模拟近十二年来历次大地震,计算释放应力后应力场的变化、断层的错动.将计算结果和实测资料进行对比,对各个力学参数和构造骨架进行了多次修改,使它们尽量接近.结果说明本方法能够基本上重复近十二年来的地震迁移规律,并可望对未来的地震危险区提出参考意见.结果还说明地震以后在沿断层错动方向的左前方有一狭窄扇形地带安全度增加,而其余较大地区由于断层处的应力释放使剪破裂的危险度有些增加.     

临汾裂谷现代构造应力场特征及其数值模拟

根据断层错动资料和小地震的平均震源机制解结果,运用弹性力学的叠加原理,对临汾裂谷作三维有限元模拟,反演其构造应力场。结果表明,临汾裂谷现今主要受南东东—北西西向引张力作用,辅之以北东—南西方向的挤压,同时在裂谷的中心叠加有底层拖曳的深部作用。     

EFFECT OF SNOW AND FIRN HYDROLOGY ON THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GLACIAL RUNOFF

Near-surface processes on glaciers, including water flow over bare ice and through seasonal snow and firn, have a significant effect on the speed, volume and chemistry of water flow through the glacier. The transient nature of the seasonal snow profoundly affects the water discharge and chemistry. Water flow through snow is fairly slow compared with flow over bare ice and a thinning snowpack on a glacier decreases the delay between peak meltwater input and peak stream discharge. Furthermore, early spring melt flushes the snowpack of solutes and by mid-summer the melt water flowing into the glacier is fairly clean by comparison. The firn, a relatively constant feature of glaciers, attenuates variations in water drainage into the glacier by temporarily storing water in saturated layer. Bare ice exerts opposite influences by accentuating variations in runoff by water flowing over the ice surface. The melt of firn and ice contributes relatively clean (solute-free) water to the glacier water system.