唐古拉山北坡雁石坪群巴柔期双壳类动物群

最近对唐古拉山北坡地层和双壳类化石的研究表明,该区有确凿的侏罗纪巴柔期双壳类动物群。可以认为侏罗纪海侵在巴柔期首次侵入羌塘地区的大部区域。在该区华南常见的侏罗纪淡水双壳类Psilunio-Cunepsis-Lamorotula(Eolamprotulu)动物群之上、下层位均获得丰富的海相巴柔期双壳类为佐证。唐古拉山地区巴柔晚期的双壳类和西藏东部,云南以及缅甸等地双壳类相比,显示出强烈的地方性色彩,和西藏南部同期双壳类动物群相比较却有较大差异。本文描述9属10种,其中大多为国内首次报道。     

日本早白垩世非海相软体动物群组合

日本具有4个标志早白垩世的半咸水和淡水软体动物群组合:欧特里沃期—早巴列姆期的立川和菖蒲动物群组合,晚巴列姆期的濑林动物群组合和早阿普特期动物群组合。纯非海相下白垩统大量分布于日本东北部(本州岛北部)的部分地区,以及日本中部、西南部的内带。在日本东北部的部分地区以及日本西南部的外带(四国岛与本州岛中部),从巴列姆阶下部往上有一些海相地层夹在非海相层中,这为研究非海相动物群提供了准确的年代依据。生物组合之间在种一级水平上的区别,主要由环境的差异而引起。1)立川动物群组合(欧特里沃期—早巴列姆期),含有半咸水Hayamina naumanni组合和淡水Megasphaerioides okurodaniensis组合;手取群的Okurodani、Kuwajima和Izuki三个组内的淡水软体动物可与本动物组合相对比;2)菖蒲动物群组合(欧特里沃期—早巴列姆期),含有Eomiodon nipponicus组合;3)濑林动物群组合(晚巴列姆期),含有Costocyrena radiatostriata组合,可与手取群的Kitadani组和日本东北部关门群的Sengoku组以及Monomiyama组的淡水软体动物组合相对比;4)日比原动物群组合(早阿普特期),含有Costocyrena minor组合,关门群Wakamiya组的淡水软体动物可与本动物组合相对比。     

南岭地区上三叠统-下侏罗统双壳类生物地层及三叠-侏罗系界线

南岭地区在晚三叠世-早侏罗世沉积了一套海陆交互相含煤地层,其中双壳类化石十分丰富,对其详细的生物地层 学研究可以为这套地层的划分和对比、识别该区侏罗系与三叠系界线提供重要的古生物资料。本文对湖南浏阳石康、湖南 宜章下坪和广东揭西灰寨三条剖面采集的海相和非海相双壳类化石进行了系统研究。结果显示研究区上三叠统-下侏罗统 具有4个双壳类生物带,即：半咸水相Unionites? emeiensis 顶峰带、海相Retroceramus subinconditus-Hiatella 组合带、海相 Ryderia guangdongensis-Parainoceramus jinjiensis组合带和半咸水相-陆相Kija ovata-Waagenoperna mytiloides组合带。对各生物 带代表化石在区域上的时代延限分析表明,Unionites ?emeiensis 顶峰带时代延限主要为瑞替期, Retroceramus subinconditus-Hiatella 组合带主要为赫塘期,Ryderia guangdongensis-Parainoceramus jinjiensis 组合带主要为辛涅缪尔期,但有 可能向上延伸至土阿辛期。经与海相同类生物带的对比,Kija ovata-Waagenoperna mytiloides 组合带时代延限大致为赫塘期 至土阿辛期。根据综合对比分析认为南岭地区半咸水相-陆相T-J 界线应位于Unionites? emeiensis 顶峰带与Kija ovata-Waagenoperna mytiloides 组合带之间,这与四川盆地陆相T-J界线（位于Modiolus weiyuanensis-Unionites? emeiensis 组合 带与Pseudocardinia （=Kija） kweichouensis-Cuneopsis sichuanensis 组合带之间） 和新疆准噶尔盆地陆相T-J 界线（位于 Waagenoperna-Yananoconcha（=Kija）组合带与下伏郝家沟组之间） 大致相当。     

唐古拉山侏罗系沉积的若干特征及沉积盆地背景条件的探讨

对于唐古拉山侏罗系沉积类型的不同认识由来已久,然而无论是将其视为地槽型沉积,还是地台型沉积,均难以令人满意地解释该区侏罗纪沉积的特点和性质。 作者在野外工作和室内研究的基础上,从地球化学因素、古生态分析、沉积岩沉积构造和矿物结构成熟度等综合考虑,对该区侏罗纪沉积的特点和性质提出下列证据: （1）含盐度值一般均低于广海的平均盐度值。 （2）发育了海相一半咸水相一陆相的双壳类动物群序列,并以半咸水双壳类属占优势。 （3）沉积构造多为浅水成因的小型波痕,交错层理沉积组合。 （4）沉积岩粒度分析表现了近岸环境的概率曲线特征。 （5）沉积岩矿物结构,成熟度较高,未见海相成因的粒级层理。 结论是唐古拉山区侏罗系应为近岸局限海环境下的沉积产物,在海退时期还发育了滨岸湖相沉积。 根据羌塘地区侏罗纪沉积相空间展布的特点,可以认为唐古拉山区侏罗系仅仅是大西洋型大陆边缘沉积的一个组成部分,是陆架大幅度坳陷所承受的巨厚陆源碎屑沉积,整个羌塘地区侏罗纪沉积在空间上的演替关系及其巨大厚度可借助于大西洋型大陆边缘特有的大陆堤前展沉积模式得到较好的解释。     

青海唐古拉地区侏罗纪非海相双壳动物群及其古环境分析

唐古拉山温泉以东约80km的冬曲一带产出丰富的侏罗纪非海相双壳类化石,中侏罗统雀莫错组顶部的紫红色细粒岩屑砂岩产Qiyangia,Yunnanopharus,Unio 3属3种,其中有新种Yunnanopharus substratus.这一动物群与过去在本区发现的中侏罗统“Cuneopsis”-Eolamprotula-Protomya动物群面貌明显不同,过去一直认为Yunnanopharus是晚三叠世的属,而Qiyangia则主要产于下侏罗统,根据地层层序及上、下层位产出的海相双壳类和腕足类化石时代分析,冬曲剖面的Qiyangia-Yunnanopharus动物群时代无疑为中侏罗世巴通期,扎窝茸组产非海相双壳类“Cuneopsis”,Yunnanopharus,Plicatunio,Nipponaia(Eonipponaia),Cyotrigonioides,Danlengicon-cha,Nakamuranaia等7属9种,其中包括新种Yunnanoconcha(?)ovalis,Danlengiconha tanggu-laensis,Cyotrigonioides(?)ellipticus和Nipponaia(Eonipponaia)?bifurcata,基于下伏海相地层中双壳类和腕足类化石的佐证,它们的时代最有可能是在晚侏罗世基末里期至早白垩世期间,据化石围岩的粒度分析以及埋藏学研究表明,这些类三角蚌类主要生活于水体安静、有机质含量丰富的淤泥质基底,繁盛于近海三角洲平原上的湖沼环境,同时,由于海退初期尚有可能受到海水短暂侵漫的影响,造成它们生存环境的咸化     

欧洲白垩纪非海相软体动物及其地层分布

本文综述了欧洲白垩纪非海相软体动物群,列出了主要产自英格兰南部、法国和西班牙早白垩世的16个不同沉积层的59个分类单元。淡水动物群以珠蚌类双壳类和田螺类腹足类为主,但在有些地点也存有肺螺类腹足类。这些化石类群与现代类型很相似,说明白垩纪淡水中的水草、氧气与营养环境良好。在欧特里沃期和巴列姆期,淡水与边缘海环境中的动物群组成都发生了显著的变化。欧洲的淡水生物群落早在巴列姆期就已存在,此时的有些类群,如著名的Mar garitifera(s.l.)valdensis在欧洲西部有着广泛的分布。英格兰南部的早白垩世韦尔登群被认为是欧洲最连续的非海相白垩纪地层,其上部的生物群可与西班牙的LasHoyas动物群和法国的Wassy动物群相对比。这3个动物群,以及法国侏罗(汝拉)和英格兰南部波倍克的侏罗纪-白垩纪的过渡生物群——Purbeck动物群,是了解欧洲白垩纪淡水动物群的关键动物群。     

福建侏罗纪生物地层学初步研究

福建侏罗纪地层广泛分布,本文通过大量野外调查和资料综合分析,着重论述了福建侏罗纪地层分区、地层划分和代表性剖面的层序、岩性以及生物群特征。对福建早、中侏罗世岩相古地理概况作了简略论述。福建侏罗纪地层分区,划分为含有海相地层的闽中-闽西南地层小区,该区早侏罗世火山岩发育。陆相地层的闽北地层小区以及中侏罗统发育较好的闽西地层小区。下侏罗统生物群,双壳类在下部为海相的 Parainoceramus-Hunanonectes 动物群,上部为 Qiyangia 动物群;陆相植物下部为 Otozamites-Thinnfeldia 植物群,上部为 Conipters-Phoenicopsis 植物群;叶肢介下部为 Euestheria shandanensis-Palaeolimadia hojiensis 动物群,上部为 Eosolimnadiopsis-Asiolimnadiopsis 动物群;介形类下部为 Gomphocythere rhomboidalis-G?yubacumensis 组合,早侏罗世早期还含有菊石 Arietites 和 Coroniceras。中侏罗统生物群,植物组合不太明显,双壳类 Pseudocardinia-Tutuella 动物群,其中下部含有 Cuneopsis-psilunio-Eolamprotella 动物群;叶肢介为 Euestheria yanjiawanen-sis-E·camplanata 动物群;介形类在中下部为 Darwinella sarytirmanensis-D·magna 组合。此外,本文概述了福建早侏罗世南海北陆的古地理面貌。     

贵州青岩地区早-中三叠世生物地层

贵州青岩地区下-中三叠统发育齐全,化石丰富,尤其是中三叠世“青岩动物群”,具有生物辐射性质.为了研究二叠纪末生物大灭绝事件后的生物复苏及辐射过程,对该区下、中三叠统剖面进行了实测,并从沉积学、古生物学上进行了系统研究.识别出5个牙形石带:Neospathodus dieneri带、Neospathodus waageni带、Neospathodus pingdingshanensis带、Neospathodus homeri带、Chiosella timorensis带,建立2个有孔虫组合和6个双壳类组合.并根据牙形石化石初步确定出印度阶与奥伦尼克阶及奥伦尼克阶与安尼阶的界线.多门类化石的分布和生态组合结构表明,大灭绝后的复苏-辐射第一幕发生于安尼期早期,安尼期中期雷打坡页岩段的化石组合具有典型辐射后期的生态繁荣景象.古环境研究表明,本区从三叠纪初到中三叠世安尼期沉积水体总体上震荡式变浅,表现为盆地-陆棚-台缘斜坡-台地-盆地-台缘斜坡-陆棚的演变过程.      

西北地区陆相侏罗——白垩纪地层

西北地区除青海南部有海相侏罗纪、新疆西南部有海相晚白垩世的沉积外,广泛发育着陆■侏罗—白垩纪的盆地沉积,特别是天山—祁连山—秦岭及其以北的广大地区(图1)。盆地面■大者达数十万平方公里,小者不足一平方公里;其地质发展历史长者跨代,短者亦有1—2个纪;仅陆相侏罗—白垩纪的沉积厚度达数千米的盆地也多     

柴达木盆地全球末次冰期介形类动物群的演变

晚更新世晚期，柴达木盆地达参1井井深46m以下的沉积物内，水生生物化石有很高的丰度和分异度。介形类为 Cyprideis torosa-Ilyocypris inermis组合，伴生有轮藻类、腹足类、双壳类、植物和鱼类等化石。井深46m~10m，为全球末次冰期盛冰阶（25ka~10ka B.P）沉积，当时气候极端干冷，出现干盐湖地质事件（playa），沉积物由湖相泥岩迅速演变为石盐层，生物化石罕见，几近绝迹。平均40m厚的石盐沉积遍及三湖(台吉乃尔湖、达布逊湖和霍布逊湖)地区，形成了该区天然气赖以保存的最后一道屏障-天然气藏的盖层。井深约10m以上，为全新世暖期或称现代间冰期沉积物，渐变为浅湖相泥岩和粉砂岩夹膏盐沉积。当时处于氧同位素阶段1，湖水盐度逐渐降低，水生生物丰度和分异度再度增高，介形类更替为半咸水-淡水介形类Candona neglecta-Candoniella lactea组合，伴生有丰富的轮藻、腹足类、双壳类等。直到现代，台吉乃尔湖、达布逊湖和霍布逊湖以南由于受昆仑山充足的淡水补给影响，水生生物丰富。三湖以北，远离主要淡水补给区，水体较咸，介形类则为典型的盐湖介形类Eucypris inflata所替代，膏盐沉积比三湖以南明显增多。     

唐古拉山北坡侏罗纪双壳类化石新材料

唐古拉山地区侏罗系发育良好,是国内侏罗纪双壳类最丰富的地区之一。本文描述其中的8属17种,大多数为国内首次报道的种。由于唐古拉山地区在侏罗纪时正好位于东亚分区(East Asian province)、埃塞俄比亚分区(Ethiopian province)和欧洲分区(European province)3个不同的双壳类生物地理分区接合处,因此本区双壳类显示出一定的混生色彩,具有上述各区的一些特征属或种。但是更值得注意的是自唐古拉山向东南方向,包括西藏东部、云南、缅甸及泰国的侏罗系中,双壳类动物群含有大量的共同分子,并形成特殊的地方性生物群,考虑到侏罗纪古板块的构造格局,对上述特提斯北岸东缘进行进一步研究,将有助于建立侏罗纪的一个新的双壳类生物地理分区。     

Paleo-environments and tectonic setting of the Mesozoic Thung Yai Group in Peninsular Thailand,with a new record of Parvamussium donaiense Mansuy, 1914

The Thung Yai Group extends over a large area of peninsular Thailand, along the eastern margin of the Shan Thai block. Bound by angular unconformities 300 m thick dominantly detritic brackish to non-marine deposits with few intercalated limestone beds between Triassic marine and Tertiary non-marine sediments, represent the Thung Yai Group that comprises four formations: Khlong Min, Lam Thap, Sam Chom, and Phun Phin Formations. In the Ao Luk–Plai Phraya (ALPP) area, the Khlong Min and Lam Thap formations yield marine, brackish-water and non-marine fossil assemblages. These include trace fossils and for the first time in peninsular southern Thailand, the bivalve Parvamussium donaiense Mansuy, 1914. Based on fossil determinations, the Thung Yai Group has a late Early Jurassic to Early Cretaceous age.Our new observations help unravel the tectonic history of Mesozoic Peninsular Thailand. After the complete closure of the Paleotethys in the Late Triassic, renewed inundation, from the late Early Jurassic to the early Middle Jurassic, brought a regime of shallow to open marine and lagoon sedimentation over northwestern, western and southern peninsular Thailand, in the eastern part of Sundaland bordering the Mesotethys to the west.     

华北地台南缘中侏罗世气候变热的古植物学证据

根据对豫西地区义马组植物群三个植物组合的系统研究,以古植物组合的动态变化及古植物叶相特征为证据,论证了华北地台南缘中—晚侏罗世时期气候变热是从巴柔—巴通早期开始的,明显早于南欧、中亚及西北利亚地区。     

Late Mesozoic bivalve faunas from the Tetori Group,Japan

The Tetori Group of Japan ranks amongst the more important Upper Mesozoic strata in East Asia, with common animal and plant fossils throughout and is well suited for analyses of the links between environmental changes and the various animal and plant fossil assemblages. Three marine transgressions (i. e., Bathonian–Oxfordian, Tithonian–Berriasian and Hauterivian–Barremian in age) have been recognized in the Tetori Group, based on ammonite index taxa. These pulses are also reflected in bivalve faunas which comprise, 81 species in 65 genera (marine taxa) and 16 species in 13 genera (non-marine taxa). Many of these are considered as endemic species to the Tetori Group. In view of the fact that the occurrence of non-marine taxa was primarily controlled by environmental conditions, these do not constitute chronological indices. The faunal composition of the first marine transgressive phase is similar to that found elsewhere in southeast Asia, while that of the second one resembles both that of southeast Asia and of northeast China and Far East Russia. Assemblages of the third phase are similar to those of Heilongjiang, northeast China. Currents from the equator and high-latitudes explain these similarities.     

西藏双湖区帕度错一带早-中侏罗世色哇组的发现及地质意义

藏北帕度错一带出露的早—中侏罗世地层,其岩石组合特征不同于雁石坪群,与其香错一带出露的色哇组相当,在该套地层的上部层位产迄今为止藏北地区最为丰富的侏罗纪巴柔期菊石化石,该区色哇组的发现对研究藏北南羌塘地区早—中侏罗世地质发展历史有着重要意义,同时也对羌塘盆地油气普查工作有一定的指导作用。     

The Upper Bajocian-Lower Bathonian boundary section in the outskirts of Saratov: Molluscan characteristics and biostratigraphy

The analysis of all available data on the structure of the Bajocian-Bathonian boundary section in the outskirts of Saratov (Sokur quarry) and the taxonomic composition of its ammonites, belemnites, and bivalves revealed a continuous succession of the Pseudocosmoceras michalskii (Upper Bajocian), Oraniceras besnosovi, and Arcticoceras ishmae (Lower Bathonian) zones. In connection with the critique by Meledina et al. (2009), correlation of Bajocian and Bathonian boundary strata of the Central Russia and Northern Siberia is discussed. The inconsistency of Siberian bivalve and belemnite assemblages with Central Russian ammonite zones is explained by heterochronous invasions of different molluscan groups.     

试论黔西北及邻区非海相三叠系/侏罗系界线

根据黔西北及邻区二桥组中双壳类的垂直分布，可将其分为两个组合；下部Indosinion-Permophorus组合及上部Qiyangia-Hunanella组合。前一组合的时代为晚三叠世瑞替克期，后一组合的时代则为早侏罗世早中期。该区非海相三叠系／侏罗系的界线应划在上述两个组合之间。故该区二桥组实为跨三叠系与侏罗系的岩石地层单位。     

Dinoflagellate cysts from the Upper Bajocian–Lower Oxfordian of the Dalichai Formation in Binalud Mountains (NE Iran): their biostratigraphical and biogeographical significance

The Binalud Mountains of NE Iran represent the easternmost extension of the Alborz Range. After the Mid-Cimmerian orogenic event and rapid subsidence, the deep marine sediments of the Dalichai Formation were deposited. A well-preserved section of the formation was sampled for palynological purposes. The study revealed diverse and nearly well-preserved dinoflagellate cyst assemblages. Thirty-six dinoflagellate cyst species identified lead to identification of four biozones: Cribroperidinium crispum (Late Bajocian), Dichadogonyaulax sellwoodii (Bathonian to Early Callovian), Ctenidodinium continuum (Early to Late Callovian), and Ctenidodinium tenellum (Early Oxfordian) biozones. The close similarities of dinoflagellate cyst assemblages between Binalud Mountains, NE Iran, with those of Alborz Mountains (Northern Iran) during Middle Jurassic confirm the connection between two sedimentary basins during this time in Iran. Meanwhile, this biozonation corresponds largely to that established in Northwest Europe and reveals the marine connection between NE and North of Iran with Northwest Europe and the Northwestern Tethys during the Late Bajocian to Early Oxfordian.     

Correlation of the Jurassic-Cretaceous siliceous-volcanogenic sediments in northwestern surroundings of the Pacific (Koryak Upland)

In distribution areas of the Pekul’neiveem and Chirynai formations customary distinguishable in the Koryak Upland, complicated tectonostratigraphic units are composed of alternating thrust sheets of different lithologic composition and age, which are juxtaposed because of widespread thrust faulting, as is proved by the radiolarian analysis. Nineteen radiolarian assemblages of different age are first established here in the Lower Jurassic-Hauterivian succession of siliceous-volcanogenic sediments. In the Lower Jurassic interval, the lower and upper Hettangian, lower and upper Sinemurian, and Pliensbachian beds are recognized. Paleontological characterization is also presented for the Aalenian (or Toarcian?-Aalenian), upper Bajocian, lower and upper Bathonian, and Callovian beds of the Middle Jurassic. Within the Upper Jurassic, the Oxfordian-early Kimmeridgian, late Kimmeridgian-early Tithonian, Tithonian, and late Tithonian-early Berriasian radiolarian assemblages are distinguished. The late Berriasian-early Valanginian, middle-late Valanginian, and Hauterivian radiolarian assemblages are first recognized or compositionally revised. Radiolarians and lithofacies data are used to correlate the tectonostratigraphic units and individualize the jasper-alkali basaltic (lower Hettangian), chert-terrigenous (Hettangian-Sinemurian), jasper-cherty (Pliensbachian-Aalenian), jasper (Bajocian-Hauterivian), jasper-basaltic (upper Bajocian-Valanginian), Fe-Ti basaltic (upper Bajocian-Bathonian), tuffitejasper-basaltic (Bathonian-Hauterivian), and terrigenous-volcanogenic (Bajocian-Valanginian) sequences. The correlation results are extrapolated into other continental areas flanking the Pacific, i.e., to the western Kamchatka, northern and northwestern coastal areas of the Sea of Okhotsk, where the analogous radiolarian assemblages are characteristic of comparable allochthonous units of terrigenous-siliceous-volcanogenic sediments.