固化风沙土强度特性及固化机制试验研究

通过PX固化剂对库布其沙漠风沙土进行加固。对不同含水状态、不同固化剂掺量、不同养护龄期下固化风沙土的强度特性进行试验研究。试验结果表明,不同含水状态下风沙土的强度特性是不同的,相同固化剂掺量、相同养护龄期时,固化风沙土在最优含水率下的无侧限抗压强度远远大于饱和含水率下的强度。相同含水状态下固化风沙土无侧限抗压强度随固化剂掺量增加、养护龄期延长而增大,且在养护初期强度增长较快,当固化剂掺量为8 %、养护龄期为28 d时,固化风沙土强度满足国际上对固沙强度的要求。最优含水率下固化风沙土抗剪强度较风沙土有较大提高;当固化剂掺量为8 %时,固化风沙土凝聚力和内摩擦角均达到最大,此时固化风沙土抗剪强度约为风沙土的1.8倍。进而,通过扫描电镜对风沙土固化前后微观结构变化进行试验研究。研究结果表明,风沙土中掺入PX固化剂后,颗粒间由原来的弱连接变为胶结连接,解释了固化风沙土较风沙土强度得以提高、稳定性得以改善的内在原因。     

工程地质讲座 第二讲 土质学部分

正 7.松软土的力学性质当外力（荷载）作用于松软土体上时,其力学性质主要表现为抗压力与抗剪力。表示这两种力的数值是评价各种建筑物地基稳定性的重要指标。由于加在土体上的荷载性质的不同,在土体内就相应地表现出不同的力学性质特征。归纳起来可分作     

石鼓煤矿泥岩的物理化学力学特性研究

本文对石鼓煤矿具有代表性的三种泥岩的矿物组成、物理力学性质、物理化学因素、胶结物质和微观结构的测试和分析进行了介绍,并从物理化学力学观点出发研究了水质变化、风干失水、结构破坏等因素对泥岩膨胀性的影响。研究结果表明:泥岩的粘士矿物以高岭石和伊利石为主;其膨胀力为2～5公斤/平方厘米;粘土矿物含量高,结晶不良,胶结物质少,结构紧密是它产生膨胀且易受物理化学力学因素变化的影响的主要原因。     

天津地区海积软土结构强度及其对力学特性的影响

海积软土是一种结构性土,具有结构连结强度.其压缩曲线呈现出超固结土的压缩曲线形式.强度曲线为二段折线,在应力小于σ＇k时表现出超固结土的力学特性.而当应力水平高于这一临界值时.表现出正常固结土的力学特性.对其结构连结的成因进行了简单探讨.     

土钉支护中土钉力和位移的计算问题

土钉支护是一种比较经济的支护方式,工程实践中已广泛应用,但其设计理论则相对缺乏。针对目前土钉支护设计中存在的主要问题,即土钉力和土钉支护位移的计算分析,以工程实测资料为背景,根据侧壁主动土压力与总土钉力相等的原则,考虑施工过程的影响和增量法的思想,提出了基于经验和理论相结合的土钉力计算公式。按照弹性力学理论,对由于土的开挖引起支护的土体侧移提出了简易的位移计算公式。通过工程实测检验了公式的正确性。这些计算公式简便,其结果较符合实际,较好地解决了土钉支护设计的主要问题,可为工程设计提供参考。     

非饱和土微观结构与粒间吸力的研究进展

吸力是非饱和土研究的重点也是其难点。重点在于自然界中诸多物理现象可以用吸力去解释,难点在于非饱和土吸力的量化测试技术现在还不成熟。非饱和土作为地球表层广泛存在的三相组合材料,其力学性质远远比饱和土复杂,归根结底在于土中水气界面形成的弯液面收缩膜,导致了土体孔隙产生吸力。非饱和土体的强度变形特征就是其内部吸力不断变化的宏观表现形式,其宏观物理力学性质与吸力之间存在一个桥梁——微观结构。对非饱和土微观结构和吸力理论、试验研究的整体把握是完善土力学的一个重要方法。开展对非饱和土液桥动态结构演化及吸力力链分布特性的研究,是全面了解非饱和土力学性能的重要基础之一,也是深入把握和量化非饱和土吸力的重要手段。     

大埋深粘土三轴高压卸载变形与强度特征

以取自山东巨野矿区埋深近 4 30～ 6 0 0m的深部粘土样为例 ,分析测试了土的常规物理力学性质参数。考虑该埋深土的天然应力水平及其在煤矿建井开挖中的卸载应力变化 ,在三轴伺服仪上 ,进行三向等压分别达 11MPa、12MPa、14MPa下的卸除围压、保持轴压的三轴高压卸载试验 ,分析了深部粘土三轴高压卸载变形和强度特点 ,得到了相关力学参数。成果丰富了土的高压卸载力学性研究 ,并为巨野矿区煤矿立井建设提供了工程地质基础参数     

非饱和土的性状及膨胀土边坡稳定问题

为探究膨胀土物理力学性质指标对其膨胀变形影响。结合陕西安康地区某膨胀土工程实例,基于大量野外岩土勘察和室内测试数据资料,采用主成分分析法研究了膨胀土的膨胀变形与其物理力学性质指标间相关性及不同指标重要程度,建立了以主要物理力学指标为参数的膨胀土膨胀变形判别公式。影响膨胀土膨胀变形的物理力学指标可划分为反映外界环境的指标(含水率、饱和度、液性指数及含水比)、反映土体构造特征的指标(密度、干密度及孔隙比)、反映土体结构强度特征的指标(压缩系数和内摩擦角)及反映土体组成特征的指标(塑性指数和黏聚力);含水率是影响膨胀土膨胀变形的关键指标,所建立判别公式可为类似地区膨胀土膨胀变形的判别提供参考。     

甘肃永靖黑方台地区黄土滑坡土的力学性质

与地下水位以下的饱和黄土力学性质相比,包气带黄土力学性质具有不同的表征参数和测试方法,其对黄土斜坡渗流场和稳定性的影响不容忽视.以甘肃黑方台地区黄土为例,分别采用张力计和轴平移技术量测了黄土的部分区段土-水特征曲线,依据Gardner、Van Genuchten和Fredlund and Xing 3种经验公式对轴平移测试数据进行拟合,获取了完整的土-水特征曲线.基于GDS多功能三轴仪,通过控制基质吸力的三轴剪切试验,获取了考虑基质吸力的黄土强度参数.结果显示:张力计和轴平移技术量测的部分区段土-水特征曲线具有相近的曲线形态,但张力计曲线位于轴平移技术曲线的上方;当基质吸力由100kPa减小至20kPa时,黄土内摩擦角减小约1°,粘聚力下降近22kPa;拟合所得的黑方台地区黄土的基质吸力摩擦角为15.6°.试验为进行黑方台黄土斜坡的非饱和渗流和稳定性分析提供了参数.     

沙丘表面沙土密度分布特征及其成因

沙土是存在于干旱、半干旱地区的一种特殊性土,其岩土工程性质与风沙环境紧密相关。沙丘表面沙土物质成分均一,比重一致,但密度的离散性很大。观测表明,新月形沙丘迎风坡密度较大,但中部存在一个低密度区,落沙坡密度最小,接近该类沙丘沙样的最小干密度。线性沙丘上,则是沙丘脊部沙土的密度最大,接近该类沙丘沙样最大干密度,两腰部密度较小。沙丘表面沙土密度分布特征与风沙流结构和沙丘表面压力关系极为密切。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861