2016年春季西太平洋M2海山浮游植物粒级结构与初级生产力研究

2016年3月对西太平洋马里亚纳区域M2海山浮游植物粒级结构和分粒级初级生产力进行了观测,同时结合温度、盐度和营养盐浓度,研究了M2海山的总叶绿素a浓度的分布规律,不同粒级浮游植物对总叶绿素a的贡献率及其与环境因子的关系,初级生产力结构和分布特征。结果表明：M2海山各水层叶绿素a浓度变化范围分别为0.004—0.304mg/m³,平均叶绿素a浓度为0.094mg/m³。微微型浮游植物在整个调查区域内为最优势类群,对总叶绿素a浓度的贡献率达到了85%,微型浮游植物和小型浮游植物的贡献率均较低,分别为10%和5%。M2海山的叶绿素a浓度最大层均在100m深度附近的次表层,其中西南部和东南部为叶绿素a浓度高值区。M2海山的平均初级生产力为71.31mgC/（m²·d）,初级生产力的主要贡献者为微型和微微型浮游植物,其中微型浮游植物贡献率达到了72%,微微型浮游植物贡献率为28%。M2海山的海山效应不明显,浅海山（<200m）可能对浮游植物的生长存在促进作用。     

条斑紫菜(Porphyra yezoensis)选育品系壳孢子的放散量与耐高温性研究

模拟生产培育条件, 对条斑紫菜选育品系(T-17)和野生型品系(WT)的贝壳丝状体在不同温度下的壳孢子放散量及壳孢子萌发体的生长发育进行了研究。 结果表明, 在 18、 23、 24 和 25℃下, 连续放散16d的平均每壳的壳孢子量, T-17分别为8.6×10⁶、 3.4×10⁶、 5.4×10⁵和0个, WT分别为8.0×10⁶、2.8×10⁶     

Respiration rates of planktonic crustaceans from the Inland Sea of Japan with special reference to the effects of body weight and temperature

A total of 293 measurements of respiration rate were made on planktonic crustaceans collected in different seasons from the Inland Sea of Japan. The relationship between the rate of oxygen consumption (R,μl O₂ indiv.⁻¹ hr⁻¹) and body dry weight (W, mg indiv.⁻¹), as expressed by a power function (R=aW ^b , or logR=loga+b logW), was established as a function of temperature (T, °C). The slope of the regression equation (b) was not significantly affected by seasonal temperature variation, but the intercept of the equation (loga) was strongly influenced by temperature. The equation describing this general relation is logR=(0.0444T−0.333)+0.713 logW.     

热稳定κ-卡拉胶酶产生菌Bacillus sp. Car19的发酵条件优化

对一株分泌热稳定κ-卡拉胶酶印尼热泉菌进行了种属鉴定, 并采用响应面法对该菌发酵产酶条件进行了优化。鉴定结果表明, 该菌株属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus), 命名为Bacillus sp. Car19(GeneBank: KT865196)。发酵条件优化结果显示, 9个环境因子影响Bacillus sp. Car19产酶量。其中影响Bacillus sp. Car19产酶量的三个主要因素分别为培养温度、培养基中Cu²⁺浓度和培养基中NaCl浓度。综合次要因素对Bacillus sp. Car19产酶影响, Bacillus sp. Car19最佳产酶发酵条件为: 培养温度52.31℃、Cu²⁺浓度6.93 mmol/L、NaCl浓度37.03 g/L, 培养基pH为6, 接种量1%, 培养时间36h, 半乳糖浓度0.3 g/L,硝酸铵浓度7g/L, 卡拉胶浓度0.5g/L。优化后发酵上清液酶活力达到15.21 U/mL, 与优化前相比提高了1.5 倍。     

西北太平洋深海海山的一种蛇尾新记录

Ophioleila elegans是一种非常少见的蛇尾。2014年大洋35航次中利用“蛟龙”号载人潜器在西北太平洋麦哲伦海山链的采薇平定海山水深1660m处采集到2株该种标本。该种首次发现于夏威夷海山相似的生境当中,本次采集到的样品是继首次发现之后的再次公开报道。本文中对该种的形态学特征,如腕部骨骼等,进行了更加详细的研究,同时基于COI序列进行系统发育分析。形态和系统发育分析的结果都表明,Ophioleila属与辐蛇尾科更加接近。     

2014年春季黄、渤海浮游动物群落特征

为了解黄、渤海浮游动物群落特征, 利用2014年春季在黄、渤海采集的浮游动物样品, 对浮游动物的种类组成、丰度、生物量、优势种和生物多样性进行分析, 分析浮游动物群落结构与环境因子间的相关关系, 并划分了浮游动物群落。共记录浮游动物78个种类(南黄海69种、北黄海42种、渤海47种), 浮游幼虫占比最高。研究海域的浮游动物平均丰度为3 183.8±7 829.7 ind./m³, 剔除夜光虫(Noctiluca scintillans)后, 平均丰度为537.3±554.2 ind./m³; 平均生物量为409.1±517.5 mg/m³。夜光虫、中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)和强壮箭虫(Sagitta crassa)是黄、渤海的共同优势种。结合香农-威纳指数和累积优势度曲线分析, 渤海浮游动物的生物多样性最低, 北黄海次之, 南黄海的多样性最高。聚类分析表明, 研究海域浮游动物群落可划分为渤-黄海沿岸群落、黄海中部群落和南黄海-东海近岸混合水群落。相关性分析显示, 研究海域与浮游动物群落结构相关性最高的环境因子组合为温度、盐度和叶绿素a浓度。     

微齿喜马拉雅低额溞生长及种群增长的研究

于1990年6月在哈尔滨市东北林业大学实验林场一水池中采到微齿喜马拉雅低额溞，根据实验结果应用生物统计学方法对它的生长和种群增长进行研究。结果表明，在不同温度条件下性成熟时间与水温的关系为，雌性（10-30°C）：h=8072t^-1.313（r=0.985, P＜0.01）；雄性（5-25°C）：h=1074t^-0.855（r=0.9844，P＜0.01）。在20±1°C条件下，其体长增长模型为：l_t=3.334-2.7345e^-0.1117t。龄期（x）与年龄（t，d）的关系为：雌体：t=0.07169x²＋1.3808x-1.7361；雄体：t=0.8425x²＋2.534x-1.8600。内禀增长率（r_m）为0.4076。种群增长呈“logistic”型，其方程式为：y=3625/[1+e^{(3.848-0.164t)}]。     

129Xeq+激发Mo表面产生的X射线谱

研究了高电荷态离子¹²⁹Xe^q+(q=25,26,27)入射金属Mo表面产生的特征X射线谱.实验结果表明,在束流强度小于120 nA条件下, 高电荷态离子¹²⁹Xe^q+可以激发Mo的L壳层特征X射线谱.单离子X射线相对产额可达10^-8量级,特征X射线的相对产额随入射离子的动能和电荷态(势能)的增加而增加.通过Mo原子的Lα相似文献   

Sr2CoO4-δ薄膜中的自旋玻璃态的磁性质研究

用脉冲激光沉积方法(PLD)在铝酸镧衬底上制备了c取向的高氧空位含量的锶钴氧薄膜.X射线衍射分析表明薄膜单一取向且没有明显杂相.原位的高气压反射式高能电子衍射仪(RHEED)监测显示,薄膜为层状生长.通过对薄膜磁化强度随温度、磁场及时间的变化曲线进行测量,发现零场冷曲线上可能存在两个特征温度:T_f和T_a.T_f为对应玻璃态的冻结温度而T_a对应少量的不缺     

Temporal variability and characterization of physicochemical properties in the neritic area of Sagami Bay,Japan

Seasonal and interannual variations in physicochemical properties were investigated in the neritic area of Sagami Bay, Kanagawa, Japan, from December 2000 to December 2005. Physicochemical properties (i.e. temperature, salinity, density, dissolved oxygen and dissolved inorganic nutrient concentration) revealed clear seasonal variations, which were similar to each other during all 5 years. Temperature, salinity and dissolved inorganic nutrients showed rapid, drastic variations within a few days and/or weeks. These variations are related to sea levels, principally due to the shifting effects of the Kuroshio Current axis: they were strongly affected by the Kuroshio Water and other waters, when sea level difference was greater than ca. 35 cm and lower than ca. 15 cm, respectively. Temperature difference (DF _T ) increased with sea level difference, and the difference of salinity and dissolved inorganic nutrients (NH₄ ⁺-N, NO₃ ⁻+NO₂ ⁻-N, NH₄ ⁺+NO₃ ⁻+NO₂ ⁻-N, PO₄ ³⁻-P and SiO₂-Si) increased and decreased with DF _T , respectively. All these correlations are significant. Total dissolved inorganic nitrogen (N), phosphate (P) and silicate (Si) revealed seasonal variations in the ranges of 0.57–16.08, 0.0070–0.91 and 0.22–46.38 μM, respectively. From the regression equations between these elements allowed the following relation to be obtained; Si:N:P = 14.8:13.4:1. Dissolved inorganic nutrients were characterized by Si and/or P deficiency, especially in the upper layer (0–20 m depth) during summer. Single and/or combined elements are discussed on the basis of potential and stoichiometric nutrient limitations, which could restrict phytoplankton (diatom) growth as a limiting factor.     

Stability of the Courses of the Warm Coastal Currents along the Kyushu Island Suggested by the Population Structure of the Japanese Turban Shell, Turbo (Batillus) Cornutus

The genetic structure of a population of the Japanese turban shell, Turbo (Batillus) cornutus at Sata-Misaki Point, on the southern coast of Kyushu Island, was determined on the basis of nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial DNA and compared with that of a population of the western coast of Kyushu Island. The significant genetic differentiation between these two populations suggests that the courses of the warm currents along the coast of the Kyushu Island have been relatively stable after the divergence between the two genetically distant groups of the Japanese turban shell, which was estimated to have occurred during some period in Pleistocene.     

渤海西岸多管藻类的形态分类学研究

利用显微观察及生物冷冻切片技术,对采集自河北秦皇岛的多管藻类(Polysiphonia Complex)海藻样品进行形态分类学研究。经鉴定,样品中包括:多管藻属(Polysiphonia)2种:多管藻(Polysiphonia senticulosa Harvey)和丛托多管藻(Polysiphonia morrowii Harvey);新管藻属(Neosiphonia)2种:倾伏新管藻(Neosiphonia decumbens(Segi) Kim et Lee)和球果新管藻(Neosiphonia sphaerocarpa(Børgesen) Kim et Lee),其中丛托多管藻、倾伏新管藻及球果新管藻均为渤海西岸首次记录。本文对样品物种的外部形态及内部结构特征进行了详细描述,并提供了清晰的特征图片。研究结果补充了渤海湾内的藻类资源数据,为多管藻类相关研究提供了分类学参考。     

Detecting the intertidal morphologic change using satellite data

Previous research has suggested that competitive bottlenecks may exist for the Mediterranean grey mullets (Osteichthyes, Mugilidae) at the fry stage with the exotic Cyprinus carpio (Osteichthyes, Cyprinidae) playing a central role. As a consequence, the structure of grey mullet assemblages at later stages is thought to reflect previous competition as well as differences in osmoregulatory skills. This paper tests that hypothesis by examining four predictions about the relative abundance of five grey mullet species in 42 Western Mediterranean estuary sites from three areas (Aiguamolls de l'Empordà, Ebro Delta and Minorca) differing in the salinity level and occurrence of C. carpio. Field data confirmed the predictions as: (1) Liza aurata and Mugil cephalus were scarce everywhere and never dominated the assemblage; (2) Liza saliens dominated the assemblage where the salinity level was higher than 13; (3) Liza ramado always dominated the assemblage where the salinity level was lower than 13 and C. carpio was present; and (4) Chelon labrosus dominated the assemblage only where the salinity level was lower than 13 and C. carpio was absent. The catch per unit effort of C. labrosus of any size was smaller in the presence of C. carpio than where it had not been introduced, which is in agreement with the juvenile competitive bottleneck hypothesis. Discriminant analysis confirmed that the assemblage structure was linked to the salinity level and the occurrence of C. carpio for both early juveniles and late juveniles as well as adults. The data reported here reveal that the structure of grey mullet assemblages inhabiting Mediterranean estuaries is determined by salinity and competitive interactions at the fry stage.     

龙须菜(Gracilariopsis)/江蓠(Gracilaria)的生长和种质特性分析

龙须菜(Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis)是具有重要经济价值和生态效益的大型红藻, 主要用作琼胶提取原料和鲍的饵料。本研究利用生理生化、液相色谱-质谱联用和氨基酸分析等方法, 比较了龙须菜(Gp. lemaneiformis) (wt、981、Gl-1、Gl-s、Gl-g)、异枝龙须菜(Gp. heterocla, Gh)和细基江蓠繁枝变种(Gracilaria tenuistipitata var. liu, Gt)的生长及藻胆蛋白、琼胶、红藻糖苷和氨基酸等的差异, 以期为龙须菜/江蓠栽培中的种质区分及选择提供参考。结果表明Gt在23 ℃和30 ℃条件下生长均最快, 其相对生长速率分别为野生型龙须菜(wt)的2.19倍和2.49倍。龙须菜Gl-s中藻胆蛋白浓度最高, 为wt的1.91倍。除了Gt之外, 其余6种藻中琼胶产率较高(16.22%~18.91%)。Gt中红藻糖苷和海藻糖积累最多, 分别为wt的3.50倍和1.81倍。Gl-g、Gl-s、Gt和Gh多糖丰富, 在36.89%~40.23%; 龙须菜981、Gl-1、wt和Gl-s总氨基酸浓度较高, 在152.35~161.32 mg·g^–1干质量之间, 并且981、Gl-1、Gl-s氨基酸评分较优。综合以上结果, 龙须菜981、Gl-1和Gl-s的藻胆蛋白、琼胶和氨基酸等均显著优于其他藻, 并且生长较快, 可用于琼胶、藻胆蛋白及多糖的提取或鲍的饵料; 而细基江蓠繁枝变种生长快、红藻糖苷和海藻糖丰富, 可大规模栽培用作鲍的饵料。该研究为丰富及开发利用中国大型海藻种质资源提供了重要的资料。     

黄海绿潮浒苔提取物的化感效应及化感物质的分离鉴定

化感作用是浒苔绿潮暴发的重要原因之一,目前,对于浒苔产生化感物质的结构、种类以及产量的研究鲜有报道。本文针对黄海浒苔绿潮致灾藻种,利用毒性鉴别程序（TIE）对其体内的化感物质进行分离提取及结构鉴定,明确了浒苔产生化感物质的主要成分。首先用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和甲醇3种有机溶剂分别对新鲜浒苔进行提取,得到3种不同溶剂粗提物,其中乙酸乙酯粗提物的抑藻活性最强,对测试物种中肋骨条藻的半数有效浓度（96h-EC₅₀）值为22.25 mg/L;其次对乙酸乙酯粗提物进行萃取分离得到初步提纯物,其对中肋骨条藻的96h-EC₅₀值为21.12 mg/L;然后用硅胶层析柱对上述初步提纯物进行分离,共得到6种组分,其中抑藻活性最强的组分对中肋骨条藻的96h-EC₅₀值为10.57 mg/L;最后,对新鲜浒苔提取物用红外光谱和气相色谱-质谱联用仪进行检测,实验结果表明主要化感物质为:4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯酸、2-十六碳烯酸、棕榈酸、5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯酸、9,12-十八碳二烯酸、9,12,15-十六碳三烯酸、花生四烯酸、13-二十二碳烯酸等8种脂肪酸。研究结果对于系统阐释浒苔绿潮暴发机制具有重要意义。     

来源于印度洋深海区的烟曲霉次生代谢产物的研究

为了研究烟曲霉次生代谢产物,我们采用硅胶柱层析、sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析、半制备液相色谱等分离方法对来源于印度洋深海区的烟曲霉(Aspergillus fumigatus)的乙醇提取液进行系统的次生代谢产物分离,根据所分离得到的化合物的理化性质和波谱数据确定化合物的结构。共分离鉴定了15个化合物,其中11个二酮哌嗪类生物碱(diketopiperazine),4个喹唑啉类衍生物(fumiquinazoline),分别为:fumitremorgin B(1),13-oxofumitremorgin B(2),fumitremorgin C(3),12-hydroxyfumitremorgin(13),3-hydroxyfumiquinazoline A(14)和fumiquinazoline E(15)。分离得到的15个化合物,丰富了烟曲霉次生代谢产物的类型,为烟曲霉的开发利用提供了化学研究基础。     

糖原含量与糖原磷酸化酶基因(GPH)和己糖激酶基因(HK)的表达在福建牡蛎生殖周期中的相关性分析

Glycogen, a polymer of glucose, is an important means of storing energy. It is degraded by glycogen phosphorylase (GPH) and hexokinase (HK), glycogen phosphorylase, and hexokinase cDNAs (Ca-GPH andCa-H...     

海南岛附近海域肉芝软珊瑚的鉴定

肉芝软珊瑚属(Sarcophyton)是珊瑚礁生态系统中常见的软珊瑚,具有极强的药用价值.我国肉芝软珊瑚种类资源十分丰富,但目前国内对此种珊瑚的分类研究处于停滞状态,肉芝软珊瑚外部形态差异较小,难以直接进行种类鉴定.本研究采集海南省三亚市西瑁岛、万宁市甘蔗岛和大洲岛珊瑚礁区的26个肉芝软珊瑚样品,根据骨针形态学初步鉴定,并分析线粒体msh1基因和COI基因序列进行种类鉴定.结果显示:所有采集的26个样品,鉴定为5个种,分别为:Sarcophyton cherbonnieri、Sarcophyton crassum、Sarcophyton trocheliophorum、Sarcophyton glaucum和Sarcophyton ehrenbergi.其中S. cherbonnieri和S. crassum为我国新纪录种.本研究为海南岛附近海域肉芝软珊瑚的鉴定提供参考,并为我国软珊瑚种类鉴定和生物多样性的研究提供基础数据.     

饲料中添加两株乳酸菌及其发酵上清液对凡纳滨对虾消化酶活性的影响

为了探讨前期实验获得的益生菌及其发酵上清液对凡纳滨对虾消化功能的影响,将初始体质量3.5 g±0.06 g的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)在30℃±2℃环境下于水族箱中养殖4周。以基础饲料为对照组,在基础饲料中分别添加戊糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus pentosus)HC-2、粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium)NRW-2、戊糖乳杆菌HC-2的发酵上清液,最终每克基础饲料中含有1.0×107 CFU益生菌或此菌量所对应的发酵上清液,共配制3组实验饲料。实验结果如下:与对照组相比,各实验组对虾肠道中蛋白酶活力显著提高(P0.05),但肝胰腺中蛋白酶活力无显著差异;添加NRW-2的实验组与对照组相比,肠道和肝胰腺中淀粉酶和脂肪酶活力均显著提高(P0.05),HC-2组对虾肝胰腺中淀粉酶及肠道中脂肪酶的活力显著提高(P0.05),而HC-2发酵上清液的添加仅显著提高了对虾肠道蛋白酶和淀粉酶的活性。结果表明饲料中添加NRW-2、HC-2及其发酵上清液可以提高凡纳滨对虾肠道及肝胰腺中消化酶的活力,但在不同组织中提高消化酶活性的种类是不同的,为水产养殖安全投入品的开发及乳酸菌在水产养殖中的推广应用提供一定的科学依据。     

栉孔扇贝foxl2基因在卵子发生中的必要性

采用RNAi技术研究了栉孔扇贝(Chlamysfarreri)foxl2基因在卵子发生和卵巢功能维持中的作用。使用体外合成的栉孔扇贝foxl2双链RNA(dsRNA),以每只50μg/次的剂量注射进闭壳肌中,连续注射2次(第一次注射后7天,再进行第二次注射);以注射相同体积PBS(相同注射方法)的扇贝作为阴性对照组,以不注射扇贝作为空白对照组。qRT-PCR检测干扰组扇贝卵巢中的foxl2 mRNA表达量较空白对照组下降了62%, Western blotting检测该蛋白在卵巢中的含量也明显下降,显示靶基因的表达水平被有效地敲降。组织学观察发现,栉孔扇贝foxl2干扰后的卵巢中卵母细胞形态异常、细胞核固缩,卵子发生明显受阻。表明该基因在栉孔扇贝卵子发生中起重要作用。