含煤盆地煤储层后期改造形式及对煤层气选区影响--以华北克拉通选区为例

阐述了改造型含煤盆地煤储层被改造的两种形式；煤体结构的改造及构造煤的形成原因；后生充填物对煤层孔隙的改造及形成原因。提出了以构造煤发育程度作为改造型含煤盆地改造强度的一个指标。概述了华北克拉通盆地由中生代剪压应力转化为新生代剪张应力和拉张应力，而在盆地内形成以挤压构造为主到伸展构造为主的演化历程，及不同构造类型的区域分布，指出这种演化极易形成构造煤和后生充填物。提出将华北克拉通含煤盆地分为3种改造类型及其分布区域，分析了各自区域的煤储层物性及对煤层气开发选区的影响。提出应重视鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗纪煤层的煤层气．研究与开发．     

煤田构造演化新解—从成煤盆地到赋煤构造单元

中国成煤盆地类型多样、后期改造强烈,绝大多数成煤盆地已遭受破坏解体,煤系现今分布范围与原型盆地相去甚远。针对中国煤田构造的上述特点,以成煤盆地研究为基础,建立了成煤盆地原型综合分类方案,划分了我国主要成煤期的成煤盆地类型。采用赋煤构造单元的概念表征现今煤系赋存特点,认为煤田构造格局的形成和演化就是成煤盆地原型经历不同程度改造,形成现今各类赋煤单元的过程。晚古生代以来,中国大陆经历了海西、印支、燕山和喜马拉雅四大构造旋回,多期性质、方向、强度不同的构造运动,使各成煤期形成的不同类型的成煤盆地遭受不同程度的改造,原型盆地分解破坏、叠合反转,煤系发生变形、变位、变质作用,形成不同级别和不同构造属性的赋煤构造单元,由此决定了煤炭资源的现今赋存状态。      

构造强烈改造型盆地——来自杉松岗盆地的证据

通过对杉松岗盆地构造变形的研究与分析,总结并提出构造强烈改造型盆地的概念。构造强烈改造型盆地主要特征表现为盆地的原生状态遭到毁灭性的破坏,盆地的现存岩貌是构造改造的结果而非原始的有序堆积;各种构造岩和构造煤的广泛发育是构造强烈改造型盆地的重要物质记录;混杂堆积构成的宏观有序、微观无序的叠堆构造是构造强烈改造型盆地的主要控煤构造。     

沁水盆地南部变质变形煤储层特征层气富集区划分

沁水盆地南部周缘被挤压性断裂褶皱带所围限,区内缓坡带形成煤层气富集区.受中新生代区域构造—热演化影响,盆地内煤储层在深成变质作用基础上叠加了不同程度的构造动力变质作用和岩浆热变质作用,产生了不同程度的变质和变形,导致其在变质变形程度、含气性及渗透性等煤储层物性方面具有不同的特征,有明显的区域分异,形成展布方向与盆地复向...     

新疆阿勒泰地区煤炭资源远景调查评价

利用区域地质、区域矿产资料,结合区域物探资料对阿勒泰地区含煤远景区进行了划分,对重点含煤远景区开展地质调查、地震、钻探工作,对含煤远景区沉积环境和聚煤规律进行分析,认为侏罗纪成煤环境最好,形成了较为稳定的可采煤层,内陆坳陷盆地成煤环境优于山间断陷盆地,是该区今后找煤的主要方向。     

中国叠合盆地的特点

<正> 叠合盆地,是指经历了多期沟造变革、由多个单型盆地经多方位叠加复合而形成的具有复杂结构的盆地。我国内陆大型含油气盆地基本上都属于叠合盆地,其形成和发展演化受控于中国区域大地构造的发展,具有多旋回性。由于经历多期构造运动的改造,其原型盆地性质往往发生变化,一般又称为残留盆地、改造型盆地或叠合—复合盆地。多期构造演化特征往住表现为早古生代海相碳酸盐岩沉积盆地,晚古生代海陆交互相(含煤)盆地,中—新生代陆相盆地,呈现多方位叠置,具有明显的旋回性和阶段性,在不     

煤与油页岩共生成矿系统

为了揭示煤与油页岩共生于同一盆地相互依存、相互制约和共生成矿等原理,通过对煤与油页岩共生盆地特征综合分析,提出了煤与油页岩共生成矿系统并分析其影响因素,指出主要地质要素包括煤与油页岩共生岩系、煤及油页岩层、顶底板岩层以及上覆岩层等静态因素,和构造演化、煤与油页岩共生岩系形成的气候、盆地内的古生物演化与分带(层)、盆地边缘地区古植物的分布、水介质的性质变化(水体分层机制)、聚集及流动等的动态因素,由此确定了二者共存系统的主要地质作用。依据盆地演化史、成矿保存机制和后期的改造作用,将煤与油页岩共生成矿系统划分为4个子系统:成矿作用系统、含矿盆地系统、煤与油页岩(群)系统以及含煤与油页岩区块系统,该系统可以通过反映各种地质因素和地质作用的剖面图、平面图及专门性的技术图件和各种矿产资源的储量数据、演化事件等来描述。     

云南新生代断陷盆地的环境地质记录

盆地的环境地质记录是从盆地的形成、发展演变、沉积物形成的地球化学与古气候环境、沉积物堆积后所经历的压实、成岩来加以研究的.除无机介质(矿物)外的有机质,在成岩压实受热过程中化学成分与结构的变化,也是盆地环境地质记录的一部分,环境地质研究的归宿是对矿产-化石燃料形成与潜能的估价,完整的研究应该包括化石燃料形成(成烃成煤)环境及成藏(保存)环境等.对云南滇西陇川、瑞丽及保山等三个新生代断陷盆地环境地质记录的研究揭示,在极其相似的盆地形成演变、沉积地球化学与古气候、成岩与成烃背景基础上,化石燃料的形成与潜能在三个盆地具有差异性;指出陇川盆地以找寻煤型气及初熟(低熟)油为主,保山盆地以寻找浅部生物成因气及煤型气为主,瑞丽盆地相对潜能较差,仅有生物气浅部产出的可能.     

湖南衡阳盆地沉积相及构造发展的若干问题

本文通过湖南衡阳盆地主要地层剖面(主要是白垩系)沉积特征的描述,探讨了盆地内沉积相在纵向上的分布规律,并由此来认识盆地内沉积建造的演变过程及由其所反映的盆地构造演化方向。同时,本文还探讨了盆地在燕山阶段的形成和发展,特别是喜马拉雅阶段时期盆地形成以后因挤压而受到改造,形成了一系列逆掩断层和推覆体。盆地今天的面貌是这一改造的结果。     

伊犁盆地沉积建造特征及其与砂岩型铀矿的关系

从古构造、古地理重塑入手,系统分析伊犁盆地各沉积时期的沉积建造特征,并探讨其与砂岩型铀矿的关系。研究表明,伊犁盆地双基底建造形成了盆地的富铀基底,盆地早—中侏罗世在弱伸展环境下形成的暗色含煤碎屑岩建造成为盆地的含矿建造形成期,盆地晚白垩世—新近纪在弱挤压环境下形成的红色碎屑岩建造有利于铀的后生改造富集成矿。经统计分析表明,伊犁盆地砂岩型铀矿化与含矿层的沉积相类型、单层砂体厚度及岩性结构等建造特征密切相关。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

Paleomagnetic implications on the evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic ocean to the pamirs since the triassic

We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.